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WorksheetsResearch Methodology
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 32mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The primary data analysis approach in ethnography is:
a)
Open, axial and selective coding
b)
Holistic description and search for cultural themes
c)
Cross-case analysis
d)
Identifying essences of a phenomenon
2.
If a test was generally very easy, except for a few students who had very low scores, then the distribution of scores would be _________
a)
Positively skewed
b)
Negatively skewed
c)
Not skewed at all
d)
Normal.
3.
Focusing on describing or explaining data versus going beyond immediate data and making inferences is the difference between ___________
a)
Central tendency and common tendency
b)
Mutually exclusive and mutually exhaustive properties.
c)
Descriptive and inferential
d)
Positive skew and negative skew.
4.
We review the relevant literature to know:
a)
What is already known about the topic
b)
What concepts and theories have been applied to the topic
c)
Who are the key contributors to the topic
d)
All of the above
5.
A deductive theory is one that:
a)
Allows theory to emerge out of the date
b)
Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis
c)
Allows for findings to feed back into the stock of knowledge
d)
Uses qualitative methods whenever possible.
6.
The type of qualitative research that describes the culture of a group of people is call:
a)
Phenomenology
b)
Grounded theory
c)
Ethnography
d)
Case study
7.
When planning to do social research, it is better to:
a)
Approach the topic with an open mind
b)
Do a pilot study before getting stuck into it
c)
Be familiar with the literature on the topic
d)
Forget about theory because this is a very practical undertaking.
8.
Which comes first, theory or research?
a)
Theory, because otherwise you are working in the dark
b)
Research, because that’s the only way you can develop a theory
c)
It depends on your point of view
d)
The question is meaningless, because you can’t have one without the other.
9.
Which of the following is not a criticism of qualitative research?
a)
The studies are difficult to replicate
b)
There is a lack of transparency
c)
The approach is too rigid and inflexible
d)
The accounts are too subjective and impressionistic.
10.
Which of the following is not a contrast between quantitative and qualitative research?
a)
Distance vs proximity of researcher to participants
b)
Generalization vs contextual understanding
c)
Hard, reliable date vs rich, deep date
d)
Interpretivist vs feminist.
11.
Why has qualitative research been seen to have a affinity with feminism?
a)
It allows women’s voices to be heard, rather than objectifying and exploiting them
b)
It has always been carried out by female sociologists
c)
It allows the researcher to control variables and suppress women’s voices
d)
It claims to be value free and non-political
12.
IQ score is a(n)_______ variable
a)
nominal
b)
ordinal
c)
interval
d)
ratio
13.
Why do qualitative researchers like to give detailed descriptions of social settings?
a)
To provide a contextual understanding of social behavior
b)
Because once they have left the field, it is difficult to remember what happened
c)
So that they can compare their observations as a test of reliability
d)
Because they do not believe in going beyond the level of description
14.
Left-handed is a(n)_________variable
a)
nominal
b)
ordinal
c)
interval
d)
ratio
15.
The dependent variable ___________
a)
the major variable which is selected, manipulated, and measured by the researchers
b)
the variable which you observe and measure to determine the effect of the independent variable
c)
a special type of independent variable which you may select for study in order to investigate whether it modifies the relationship between the dependent and the major independent variables;
d)
a variable which is held constant in order to neutralize the potential effect it might have on behavior
16.
The ___________ is the most frequently obtained score in the data,
a)
mean
b)
mode
c)
median
d)
range
17.
If categories can be related as proportions (e.g. income, years at school), we have a(n)____________ scale.
a)
nominal
b)
ordinal
c)
internal
d)
ratio
18.
Why is the statement "What are the effects of extracurricular activities on cognitive development of school age children" not a good statement of a quantitative research question?
a)
Because there is no connection between extracurricular activities and cognitive development;
b)
Because there are not enough school age children engaged in extracurricular activities to conduct the study;
c)
Because the study would be too difficult to do given all the different extracurricular activities;
d)
Because the statement was not specific enough to provide an understanding of the variables being investigated
19.
The Introduction section of the research plan
a)
Gives an overview of prior relevant studies;
b)
Contains a statement of the purpose of the study;
c)
Concludes with a statement of the research questions and, for quantitative research, it includes the research hypothesis
d)
All of the above
20.
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):
a)
categorical variable;
b)
dependent variable;
c)
independent variable;
d)
intervening variable
21.
In research, something that does not "vary" is called a ____________.
a)
variable;
b)
method;
c)
constant;
d)
control group
22.
Sources of researchable problems can include:
a)
Researchers' own experiences as educators;
b)
Practical issues that require solutions;
c)
Theory and past research;
d)
All of the above
23.
Respondent validation is the process by which:
a)
The validity of an interview schedule can be measured
b)
Researchers ask their participants to comment on an account of the findings
c)
The problem of low response rates to a survey can be overcome;
d)
Participants collaborate with the researcher to design the research
24.
The flexibility and limited structure of qualitative research designs is an advantage because:
a)
The researcher does not impose any predetermined formats on the socialworld;
b)
It allows for unexpected results to emerge from the data;
c)
The researchercan adapt their theories and methods as the project unfolds ;
d)
All of the above
25.
______________ is type of non-probability sampling.
a)
Simple
b)
Systematic
c)
Purposive
d)
Stratified
26.
Which of the following is not a type of research question?
a)
Predicting an outcome;
b)
Evaluating a phenomenon;
c)
Developing good practice,
d)
A hypothesis
27.
What does 'sampling cases' mean?
a)
Sampling using a sampling frame;
b)
Identifying people who are suitable for research;
c)
Literally, the researcher's brief case
d)
Sampling people, newspapers, television programs etc.
28.
Which of the following is not a component of Guba & Lincoln’s criterion,“trustworthiness”?
a)
Transferability;
b)
Measurability;
c)
Dependability;
d)
Credibility
29.
“Married, single, divorced, and widowed” are values of a(n)_________
a)
Nominal variable;
b)
ordinal variable;
c)
interval variable;
d)
ratio variable
30.
Which of the following should be used to display central tendency?
a)
Variance;
b)
Standard deviation
c)
Median;
d)
Range
31.
Which topics below do not lend themselves well to ethnographic research?
a)
Topics that can be best understood in a natural setting;
b)
Topics that involve studying individual or group activities overtime;
c)
Topics that require quantification;
d)
Topics that involve studying the behaviors of groups
32.
What is the Dependent Variable in this research question? “Is there a relationship between students’ family background and their performance at school?”
a)
Family background;
b)
Performance at school
c)
Relationship
d)
Family background and performance
33.
Which of the following is a good research question?
a)
Is the “back to the basics” movement good for public schools?;
b)
Are teachers underpaid?
c)
Does the cognitive approach to reading lead to higher achievement?;
d)
How many students enroll in Writing 4 course?
34.
What is the Independent Variable in this research question? “Are students aged 55 and older more likely to drop out of college than students of ages between 30 and 40?”
a)
Age
b)
Drop out rate;
c)
Students;
d)
College
35.
What is the Independent Variable in this research question? “Will students’ scores on a grammar test differ between grammar translation and communicative language teaching?”
a)
Grammar score
b)
Grammar translation method
c)
Communicative language teaching;
d)
Teaching methods
36.
What is the Dependent Variable in this statement?” The main purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two teaching methods, Audio-lingual and Task-based teaching, in increasing listening comprehension.”
a)
Audio-lingual method;
b)
Listening comprehension;
c)
Task-based teaching method;
d)
Teaching methods
37.
A(n) ________ is a variable that mediates the effect of one variable on another.
a)
Intervening variable;
b)
moderator variable;
c)
control variable;
d)
independent variable
38.
Which of the following is not used to test whether the difference in the means of the two groups is statistically significant?
a)
A paired-samples t-test;
b)
An independent-samples t test;
c)
ANOVA (analysis of variance)
d)
A Chi-square test
39.
In the following data the mode is _____________. 20 22 23 23 25 25 25 25 27 29 30
a)
22;
b)
23;
c)
25;
d)
29
40.
Because of the number of things that can go wrong in research there is a need for:
a)
Flexibility and perseverance;
b)
Sympathetic supervisors ;
c)
An emergency source of finance;
d)
Wisdom to know the right time to quit
41.
Which of the following is a method that is commonly used in qualitative research?
a)
Self-completion questionnaires ;
b)
Surveys ;
c)
Ethnography;
d)
Structured observation
42.
What is meant by the term “grounded theory”?
a)
Theories should be tested by rigorous scientific experiments;
b)
As a social researcher, it is important to keep yourfeet on the ground;
c)
Theories should be grounded in political values and biases
d)
Theoretical ideas and concepts should emerge from the data
43.
A sensitizing concept is one that:
a)
Provides general guidance for more flexible research;
b)
Imposes a predetermined theoretical model on the social world;
c)
Helps the researcher to investigate sensitive issues
d)
Allows the researcher to measure very small changes in a variable
44.
To apply the technique of sampling, you first divide population list into sublists according to some relevant trait and then sample from the sublists.
a)
simple;
b)
systematic;
c)
stratified;
d)
cluster
45.
You are completing a study on the effect of participation in a volunteer aiding program on later performance in ESL practice teaching. What is the dependent variable?
a)
participation in a volunteer aiding program;
b)
performance in ESL practice teaching;
c)
completion of a study;
d)
ESL
46.
You are completing a study on the effect of participation in a volunteer aiding program on later performance in ESL practice teaching. What is the independent variable?
a)
participation in a volunteer aiding program;
b)
performance in ESL practice teaching;
c)
completion of a study;
d)
ESL
47.
You are completing a study on the effect of participation in a volunteer aiding program on later performance in ESL practice teaching. You also believe that type of class in which aiding was done (elementary school, adult school, university class) might have some relationship to success in student teaching if it was or wasn't in the same type of school. Identify this variable type.
a)
Control variable;
b)
Dependent variable
c)
Intervening variable:
d)
Moderator variable
48.
You have worked out a whole series of role-play activities for your adult-school ESL class because you believe that practice in role-play promotes overall language proficiency. Your study shows that you are correct. What was the independent variable?
a)
adult-school ESL class;
b)
language proficiency;
c)
your belief
d)
tole-play activities
49.
You have worked out a whole series of role-play activities for your adult-school ESL class because you believe that practice in role-play promotes overall language proficiency. Your study shows that you are correct. What was the dependent variable?
a)
Adult-school ESL class;
b)
language proficiency;
c)
your belief;
d)
role-play activities
50.
In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the researcher ask the research participants to identify other potential research participants?
a)
Snowball;
b)
Convenience;
c)
Purposive;
d)
Meaningful;
51.
___________ is a set of elements taken from a larger population according to certain rules.
a)
Sample;
b)
Population;
c)
Statistic;
d)
Element
52.
What is(are) the problem(s) with this set of response categories to the question "What is your current age?" 1-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40
a)
The categories are not mutually exclusive;
b)
The categories are not exhaustive,
c)
Both a and b are problems;
d)
There is no problem with the above set of response categories
53.
Which of the following are principles of questionnaire construction?
a)
Consider using multiple methods when measuring abstract constructs;
b)
Use multiple items to measure abstract constructs;
c)
Avoid double-barreled questions;
d)
All of the above;
54.
Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by teachers, counselors, and other professionals to answer questions they have and to specifically help them solve local problems?
a)
action research;
b)
basic research;
c)
predictive research;
d)
orientational research
55.
Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?
a)
Inductive method
b)
Deductive method;
c)
Hypothesis method;
d)
Pattern method
56.
Which scientific method often focuses on generating new hypotheses and theories?
a)
Inductive method;
b)
Deductive method;
c)
Hypothesis method;
d)
Pattern method
57.
Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings?
a)
Quantitative research;
b)
qualitative research;
c)
Mixed research;
d)
None of the above
58.
Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable?
a)
age;
b)
annual income;
c)
grade point average;
d)
religion
59.
Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables?
a)
age, temperature, income, height;
b)
grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance;
c)
Gender, religion, ethnic group
d)
both a and b
60.
Which correlation is the strongest?
a)
+.10;
b)
b)-.95;
c)
+.90,
d)
-1
61.
A qualitative research question:
a)
Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored;
b)
Is generally an open-ended question;
c)
both a and b are correct;
d)
None of the above
62.
The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan?
a)
Introduction,
b)
Method;
c)
Data analysis;
d)
Discussion
63.
Which of the following orders is the recommended in the flowchart of the development of a research idea?
a)
Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question, hypothesis;
b)
Research topic, research purpose, research problem, research question, hypothesis
c)
Research topic, research problem, research purpose, hypothesis, research question,
d)
Research topic, hypothesis, research problem, research question, research purpose
64.
Which of the following independent variables cannot be manipulated in a research study?
a)
Gender;
b)
Ethnicity;
c)
Intelligence and other traits
d)
None in a research study of the above can be manipulated
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