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Biology Semester 1 Summer School

Total questions: 147

Worksheet time: 3hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
All living things are made up of _____. 
a)
Cells 
b)
Bacteria 
c)
Virus 
d)
ATP
2.
Prokaryotic cells do NOT have a nucleus. 
a)
True 
b)
False 
3.
Directs all cell activities through the DNA located there.
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Nucleus
c)
ribosomes
d)
Mitochondria
4.
Where are proteins made?
a)
Golgi body
b)
Mitoichondria
c)
Chromosomes
d)
Ribosomes
5.
What are tiny organelles that convert glucose into ATP?
a)
Ribosomes
b)
Vesicles
c)
Cytoskeleton
d)
Mitochondria
6.
A rigid layer that lies outside the cell's  membrane is...
a)
Cytoskeleton
b)
Cilia
c)
Cell Wall
d)
Flagella
7.
Plants and animal cells are examples of ___ cells 
a)
prokaryotic cells 
b)
eukaryotic cells 
8.
Which statement is a fundamental principle of the cell theory?
a)
All cells have a cell membrane (plasma membrane)
b)
Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells
c)
Living organisms are composed of cells
d)
The genetic material in cells is DNA
9.
A scientist at the polar ice cap was studying an ice sample from 100 meters below the surface.  He noticed the cell structures of cytoskeleton, mitochondria, nucleus, cell wall and ribosomes.  What kind of organism did he find?
a)
animal
b)
bacteria
c)
plant
d)
not enough info
10.
Chloroplasts are organelles that convert light energy to sugars.  These organelles are found only in plants.  Which organelles are found only in animals?
a)
Golgi apparatus
b)
lysosomes
c)
mitochondria
d)
ribosomes
11.
A cell stores food, water or waste products in
a)
chloroplast
b)
nuclei
c)
ribosomes
d)
vacuole
12.
Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?
a)
cells must contain DNA 
b)
all living things are made from cells
c)
cells can only come from other cells
d)
cells are the basic unit of life
13.
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a)
lysosome
b)
mitochondrion
c)
nucleus
d)
ribosome
14.

What is the function of this organelle?

a)

Sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste products

b)

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

c)

Structures that transport and ship proteins like UPS

d)

Cite of cellular respiration also known as the powerhouse of the cell

15.

I store water in both plant and animal cells. What am I?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Lysosome

c)

Vacuole

d)

Cytoplasm

16.

What is the function of this part of the cell?

a)

Structure

b)

Flexability

c)

Regulates what comes in and out of the cell

d)

Stores genetic information

17.

What is the gel-like substance inside of cells called?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Cytoskeleton

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Vacuole

18.

Structures that have different jobs within the cell:

a)

antibodies

b)

lipids

c)

organelles

d)

blood cells

19.
The important gases, carbon dioxide and oxygen, enter and leave the leaf through the
a)
upper epidermis
b)
phloem
c)
stomata
d)
guard cells
20.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar
b)
CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + Sugar
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ Sugar
21.
What is the pigment in chloroplasts that performs photosynthesis?
a)
Chlorosynthesis
b)
Chlorophyll
c)
ADP
d)
Electron Transport
22.
In which  organelle does photosynthesis occur?
a)
mitochondria
b)
stomata
c)
xylem
d)
chloroplast
23.
What gas is being released during photosynthesis
a)
sulfur
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
oxygen
d)
hydrogen
24.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
Glucose and Chlorophyll
b)
Glucose and Oxygen
c)
Water and Light energy
d)
Carbon Dioxide and Light energy
25.
How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?
a)
It adds carbon dioxide to the air.
b)
It creates a source of energy they can eat.
c)
It creates clean water.
d)
It eliminates harmful sugars.
26.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

a)

Oxygen and Energy

b)

Carbon Dioxide and Glucose

c)

Glucose and Oxygen

d)

Oxygen and Water

27.

Main products of the Calvin Cycle

a)

Oxygen, NADP+, ADP

b)

Glucose, CO2, ADP

c)

ADP, NADP+, Glucose

d)

ATP, NADPH, Oxygen

28.

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the

a)

Thylakoid

b)

Grana

c)

Inner membrane of chloroplast

d)

Stroma

29.
Where do the light reactions happen?
a)
mitochondria membrane
b)
thylakoid membrane
c)
stroma
d)
central vacuole
30.

Choose the statement that best describes light reaction.

a)

It converts CO2 to sugar molecule

b)

It converts light energy to chemical energy of ATP and NADPH

c)

It takes place in the stroma

31.
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon dioxide
32.
The formula for glucose is...
a)
C12 H22 O11
b)
NaCl
c)
NaOH
d)
C6 H12 O6
33.
The stacks of disks in the chloroplast are called:
a)
Lamellae
b)
Grana
c)
Stroma
d)
Thylakoid
34.
The disks in the chloroplast are called:
a)
Lamellae
b)
Grana
c)
Stroma
d)
Thylakoids
35.
The interior space of the chloroplast is called:
a)
Lamellae
b)
Grana
c)
Stroma
d)
Thylakoids
36.

Which photosystem comes first in the electron transport chain?

a)

Photosystem 1

b)

Photosystem 2

c)

Photolysis

d)

ATP Synthase

37.

What are the reactants to the Light Reactions?

a)

Sunlight and Water

b)

Sunlight and Oxygen

c)

Oxygen and Water

d)

Sunlight and Carbon Dioxide

38.

What are the products to the light reactions?

a)

Sunlight and Oxygen

b)

Sunlight and Water

c)

ATP, NADPH and Oxygen

d)

ADP, NADP+ and Oxygen

39.

ATP and NADPH

a)

Store energy

b)

Release Energy

c)

Make sugar

d)

Have high polarity

40.

ADP and NADP+

a)

Store energy

b)

Release energy

c)

Store glucose

d)

Fix carbon dioxide

41.

Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions?

a)

Oxygen

b)

NADPH

c)

ATP

d)

Glucose (Sugar)

42.

Which of the following is true of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

carbon dioxide and energy (ATP and NADPH) are used to make organic compounds

b)

energy is absorbed from sunlight and converted to chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH

c)

Occurs in the thylakoid

d)

Occurs in the cytoplasm

43.
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
a)
Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
b)
Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
c)
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
d)
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
44.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
45.
In cellular respiration, the electron transport chain takes place in
a)
the membrane of the mitochondrion
b)
the folds of the mitochondrion
c)
the cytoplasm
d)
the cell nucleus
46.
After intense activity, your muscles feel sore because of 
a)
the accumulation of NAD+
b)
the accumulation of lactic acid 
c)
the accumulation of ATP
d)
the accumulation of carbon dioxide
47.
Fermentation enables glycolysis to continue under 
a)
anaerobic conditions
b)
aerobic conditions
c)
photosynthetic conditions
d)
hydrophobic conditions
48.

Which organism go through cellular respiration?

a)

animals

b)

plants

c)

both animals and plants

d)

none

49.

Cellular Respiration occurs in what cell organelle?

a)

chloroplast

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

animal

50.

Which molecule is the reactant of Glycolysis?

a)

water

b)

glucose

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

ATP

51.

The Electron Transport Chain is a series of chemical reactions in which energy is transferred to form a large amount of what molecule?

a)

glucose

b)

oxygen

c)

pyruvic acid

d)

ATP

52.

What type of respiration requires oxygen?

a)

Aerobic

b)

Anaerobic

53.
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
glucose & carbon dioxide
b)
glucose & oxygen
c)
water & oxygen
d)
water & carbon dioxide
54.
When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule, 
a)
a substantial amount of energy is released
b)
an enzyme is formed
c)
energy is stored
d)
activation energy is increased
55.
What is the name of the 1st step of cellular respiration?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Kreb's Cycle
c)
ETC
d)
Anaerobic respiration
56.
Where does glycolysis take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid
d)
Mitochondria
57.
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
34
58.
What are the two reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
C6H12O6 & 6CO2
b)
6 CO2 & 6H2O
c)
C6H12O6 & 6O2
d)
6CO2 & 6O2
59.
What is the first stage of aerobic respiration called?
a)
Citric acid cycle
b)
Calvin cycle
c)
Glycolysis
d)
ETC
60.
What is the second stage of aerobic respiration?
a)
Calvin cycle
b)
Kreb's cycle
c)
Glycolysis
d)
ETC
61.

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

a)

oxygen + sugar -> carbon dioxide + water + Energy

b)

carbon dioxide + sugar + Energy -> carbon dioxide + water

c)

carbon dioxide + water -> oxygen + sugar + Energy

d)

carbon dioxide + water + Energy -> oxygen + sugar

62.

Who is considered the "father" of modern genetics?

a)

Einstein

b)

Mendel

c)

Disney

d)

Washington

63.
What type of "square" helps us solve genetic problems?
a)
carpenter square
b)
Mendel square
c)
Punnett square
d)
genetic square
64.
TT,tt,PP,pp,SS,ss are examples of alleles that are?
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
different
d)
homologous 
65.
The exact genetic makeup of an organism, such as RR, Tt, PP is its?
a)
phenotype
b)
dominance
c)
genotype
d)
trait
66.
Y for yellow body is dominant over y for blue body.  What alleles would produce yellow bodies?
a)
YY,yy
b)
Yy,yy
c)
YY only
d)
YY,Yy
67.
"The Great White Shark was 20 feet in length.  Phenotype or Genotype?
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
68.
If "T" is the allele for tall and "t" is the allele for short, then Tt would produce?
a)
tall
b)
short
c)
medium
d)
not enough info
69.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous (purebred) recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
t
70.
Aa is
a)
homozygous (purebred)
b)
heterozygous (hybrid)
71.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both 
72.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
73.
How many alleles (letters) do each person carry for a trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
74.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
75.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
76.
Is this punnet square true or false?
a)
False, because there should be 3 dominate alleles.
b)
True.
c)
False, because There should be 3 recessive alleles.
d)
I don't know....
77.
When a capital letter is used, what kind of allele is being represented?
a)
Recessive Allele
b)
Codominance
c)
Punnett Squares
d)
Dominant Allele
78.
The genetic characteristics of recessive genes
a)
tend to mask the characteristics of dominant genes.
b)
are always expressed in the phenotype.
c)
are usually codominant.
d)
tend to be masked by the characteristics of dominant genes.
79.

What is an allele?

a)

A gene

b)

A genotype

c)

A phenotype

d)

Different forms of a gene

80.

Having two different genes for a trait is called

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

protein

d)

genotype

81.
In pea plants, the tall allele is dominant to the short allele. What key would demonstrate this?
a)
Tall = T
Short = S
b)
Tall = T
Short = t
c)
Tall = t
Short = T
d)
Tall = TT
Short = tt
82.
A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability of the offspring having short tusks?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
83.
A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability of the offspring having short tusks?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
84.
Leonardo bet his friend Olivet that two heterozygous green-eyed sea monsters could not have a recessive blue-eyed baby sea monster. Olivet said they can have a blue-eyed sea monster.
Who wins the bet?
a)
Leonardo
b)
Olivet
c)
Both
d)
Neither
85.

B = brown eyes

b = blue eyes

One brother has genotype BB and the other brother has genotype Bb.

Which statement is true about these two brothers?

a)

They have same phenotype and genotype

b)

They have different phenotypes and genotypes

c)

They have same phenotype, but different genotypes

d)

They have different phenotypes, but the same genotype

86.
Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?
a)
Bb
b)
BB
c)
bb
d)
B
87.

What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?

a)

3:1

b)

1:3

c)

1:2:1

d)

2:2

88.

What are the phenotype percentages of the offspring?

(A-Brown fur color; a-white fur color)

a)

50 % Brown fur and 50% White fur

b)

25 % Brown fur and 75% White fur

c)

75 % Brown fur and 25% White fur

d)

0% Brown fur and 100% White fur

89.
What is the first phase of Mitosis?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
90.
What phase of mitosis is occuring in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Cytokinesis
d)
Telophase
91.
In which phase does the cell spend most of it's life?
a)
Interphase
b)
Nuclear Division
c)
Telophase
d)
Mitosis
92.
What phase of mitosis is pictured?
a)
Metaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Prophase
d)
Anaphase
93.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
94.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
a)
46
b)
21
c)
10
95.
Structure A refers to the _____.
a)
chromatid
b)
chromosome
c)
centromere
96.
Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have -
a)
16 chromosomes.
b)
46 chromosomes.
c)
8 chromosomes.
d)
4 chromosomes.
97.
Name the phase:
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
98.
What process does a multi-cellular organism use to replace its damaged body cells?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
replication
d)
transcription
99.
In which type of cells will mitosis occur?
a)
egg cells
b)
sperm cells
c)
jail cells
d)
Body cells except the sperm and egg cells
100.
When you start with 1 cell, at the end of mitosis, how many identical cells will you have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
101.

in the cell cycle, what is the next stage after TELOPHASE (most of the time)?

a)

Metaphase

b)

anaphase

c)

cytokinesis

d)

interphase

102.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
103.

Structure (c) is a ____. Hint: It is one half of the X shape.

a)

chromosome

b)

chromatid

c)

centromere

104.
Name the phase:
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
105.
The stages of mitosis in order
a)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase
b)
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
c)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d)
Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
106.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
107.
Responsible for creating sex cells are gametes called sperm and egg. 
a)
Meiosis
b)
Mitosis
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Photosynthesis
108.
What is the name of the step in the diagram above? 
a)
Interphase
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Anaphase I
109.
What is the name of the step found above?
a)
Interphase
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Anaphase I
110.
What type of cells does meiosis produce? 
a)
2 Genetically identical cells
b)
2 Genetically different cells
c)
4 genetically identical cells
d)
4 genetically different cells
111.
A human being has a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes.  What is the haploid number found in a gamete?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
69
d)
92
112.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
113.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
114.
Which letter(s) in the diagram correspond to cells that are haploid? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A and B
115.
A human being has a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes.  What is the haploid number found in a gamete?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
69
d)
92
116.
What phases is shown here?
a)
Prophase II
b)
Prophase I
c)
Anaphase II
d)
Interphase I
117.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Anaphase I
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase II
d)
 Metaphase I
118.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Telophase II
b)
Anaphase II
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Interphase I
119.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Telophase I
b)
Metaphase II
c)
Telophase II
d)
Anaphase I
120.
What are the nucleotides made of?
a)
Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base
c)
Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine
d)
Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine
121.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
122.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
123.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
124.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
125.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
126.
X outlines a(n) ___________.
a)
amino acid
b)
nitrogen base 
c)
nucleotide
d)
nitrogen base pair
127.
A long chain of amino acids is a/an
a)
protein
b)
nucleic acid
c)
tRNA
d)
mRNA
128.
If a DNA molecule consists of 29% Guanine, how much cytosine will it contain?
a)
29%
b)
58%
c)
21%
d)
I have no idea.
129.
What do we call DNA replication since new DNA has 1 parent strand and 1 new strand?
a)
Conservative 
b)
Semiconservative 
c)
Dispersive
130.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
131.

Which enzyme is responsible for checking DNA for errors, and fixing it?

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

DNA Primase

c)

DNA Helicase

d)

RNA Polymerase

132.
What is the shape of DNA?
a)
Double helix
b)
Triple helix
c)
Flat, bilayer
d)
Three-pronged rigid ladder
133.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
134.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
135.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
136.
Which phrase best describes translation?
a)
converts mRNA into a polypeptide
b)
catalyzes bonds between amino acids
c)
produces RNA from DNA molecules
d)
recycles tRNA molecules for reuse
137.
Which of the following is the site of transcription?
a)
vacuole
b)
lysosome
c)
nucleus
d)
ribosome
138.
Which of the following is the site of translation?
a)
vacuole
b)
lysosome
c)
nucleus
d)
ribosome
139.
Which of the following is created in the nucleus and carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
rRNA
140.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
141.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
142.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
143.
RNA has how many strands?
a)
one
b)
two
144.
Which of the following is not a difference in DNA and RNA?
a)
DNA uses Deoxyribose and RNA uses Ribose
b)
DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
c)
DNA uses Uracil and RNA uses Thymine
d)
DNA uses Thymine and RNA uses Uracil
145.

Carries the amino acid used to make a protein

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

146.

Factory for making a protein

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

147.
Which type of RNA takes the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA polymerase

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