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Semester 1 Final Review

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Hydro- / Aqua-.

a)

water

b)

air

c)

light

d)

earth

2.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Auto-.

a)

self

b)

other

c)

small

d)

many

3.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Photo-.

a)

light

b)

sound

c)

heat

d)

motion

4.

Select the best meaning of the prefix A- / An-.

a)

without; not

b)

with; together

c)

before

d)

around

5.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Aero-.

a)

air

b)

water

c)

earth

d)

fire

6.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Mono-.

a)

one

b)

two

c)

many

d)

half

7.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Inter-.

a)

between

b)

within

c)

against

d)

above

8.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Intra-.

a)

within

b)

outside

c)

between

d)

around

9.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Micro-.

a)

small

b)

large

c)

new

d)

old

10.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Zoo-.

a)

animal

b)

plant

c)

mineral

d)

microbe

11.

Select the best meaning of the suffix -scope.

a)

instrument for viewing

b)

condition of growth

c)

place of study

d)

method of transport

12.

Select the best meaning of the suffix -vor.

a)

to eat; devour

b)

to move

c)

to write

d)

to breathe

13.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Bio-.

a)

life

b)

earth

c)

heat

d)

sound

14.

Select the best meaning of the suffix -phage.

a)

eater; to eat

b)

maker; to build

c)

viewer; to see

d)

carrier; to hold

15.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Rhizo-.

a)

root

b)

leaf

c)

seed

d)

flower

16.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Myco-.

a)

fungus

b)

muscle

c)

metal

d)

milk

17.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Dendro-.

a)

tree

b)

skin

c)

stone

d)

branching vessel

18.

Select the best meaning of the suffix -troph.

a)

nourishment

b)

movement

c)

measurement

d)

temperature

19.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Syn-.

a)

together

b)

apart

c)

before

d)

under

20.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Macro-.

a)

large

b)

small

c)

short

d)

thin

21.

Select the best meaning of the suffix -ology.

a)

study of

b)

fear of

c)

lack of

d)

shape of

22.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Derm-.

a)

skin

b)

bone

c)

muscle

d)

hair

23.

Select the best meaning of the prefix Bi-.

a)

two

b)

five

c)

ten

d)

half

24.

Word: Autotroph — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

auto + troph

b)

aero + troph

c)

auto + phage

d)

macro + troph

25.

Word: Autotroph — select the best translation.

a)

an organism that makes its own food

b)

a cell that eats other cells

c)

movement using air

d)

study of large animals

26.

Word: Hydrophobic — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

hydro + phobic

b)

photo + phage

c)

inter + phobic

d)

micro + scope

27.

Word: Hydrophobic — select the best translation.

a)

water-fearing; repels water

b)

water-loving; dissolves easily

c)

air-seeking; moves toward wind

d)

heat-making; produces warmth

28.

Word: Macrophage — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

macro + phage

b)

micro + phage

c)

mono + scope

d)

auto + vor

29.

Word: Macrophage — select the best translation.

a)

large eater cell that engulfs pathogens

b)

small viewer device

c)

self-moving organism

d)

study of tree leaves

30.

Word: Photosynthesis — choose the correct breakdown of its parts (noting "thesis" means put).

a)

photo + syn + thesis

b)

photo + derm + scope

c)

macro + syn + troph

d)

aqua + bio + thesis

31.

Word: Photosynthesis — select the best translation.

a)

using light to put together sugars

b)

moving water through roots

c)

viewing skin under a microscope

d)

fear of bright light

32.

Word: Anaerobic — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

an + aerobic

b)

aqua + aerobic

c)

macro + aerobic

d)

bio + vor

33.

Word: Anaerobic — select the best translation.

a)

without oxygen

b)

with extra oxygen

c)

against gravity

d)

within cells

34.

Word: Microbiology — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

micro + bio + -logy

b)

macro + bio + derm

c)

photo + syn + -logy

d)

auto + troph + zoo

35.

Word: Microbiology — select the best translation.

a)

study of microscopic life forms

b)

study of large animals

c)

fear of small spaces

d)

method of measuring cells

36.

Word: Intercellular — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

inter + cellular

b)

intra + cellular

c)

macro + cellular

d)

photo + cellular

37.

Word: Intercellular — select the best translation.

a)

between cells

b)

within a cell

c)

outside the body

d)

above the skin

38.

Word: Intracellular — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

intra + cellular

b)

inter + cellular

c)

macro + derm

d)

bio + scope

39.

Word: Intracellular — select the best translation.

a)

within a cell

b)

between cells

c)

around the skin

d)

inside the stomach only

40.

Word: Rhizophagous — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

rhizo + phagous

b)

rhizo + scope

c)

photo + phagous

d)

derm + phagous

41.

Word: Rhizophagous — select the best translation.

a)

root-eating

b)

water-loving

c)

skin-viewing

d)

tree-growing

42.

Word: Dermascope — choose the correct breakdown of its parts.

a)

derm + -scope

b)

dendro + -scope

c)

macro + -scope

d)

bio + -scope

43.

Word: Dermascope — select the best translation.

a)

instrument for viewing skin

b)

instrument for measuring weight

c)

tool for cutting roots

d)

device for moving air

44.

Xylem: What is the specific function of the xylem?

a)

Transport water and dissolved minerals upward from roots

b)

Carry sugars from leaves to roots

c)

Store starch in parenchyma cells

d)

Protect the stem from pathogens

45.

Xylem: Where is it located in a tree stem?

a)

Toward the inner part of the stem

b)

Only in the outer bark

c)

Evenly distributed in leaves only

d)

Exclusively in the pith

46.

Annual Rings: Which two specific types of wood combine to create one single annual ring? Select all that apply.

a)

Springwood

b)

Summerwood

c)

Heartwood

d)

Sapwood

47.

Annual Rings: How does Springwood differ from Summerwood in terms of cell size and growth rate?

a)

Springwood has larger cells and forms during rapid growth; Summerwood has smaller, denser cells and forms during slower growth

b)

Springwood has smaller cells and forms slowly; Summerwood has larger cells and forms rapidly

c)

Both have identical cell sizes and growth rates

d)

Springwood forms only in winter; Summerwood forms only in spring

48.

Wood Types (diagram description): Darker, inner wood that no longer transports water

a)

Heartwood

b)

Sapwood

49.

Wood Types (diagram description): Lighter, outer wood that actively transports water

a)

Heartwood

b)

Sapwood

50.

Wood Types: Give one example of a Hardwood tree

a)

Oak

b)

Pine

c)

Spruce

d)

Cedar

51.

Wood Types: Give one example of a Softwood tree

a)

Pine

b)

Maple

c)

Oak

d)

Birch

52.

Ecosystems & Organization: Abiotic Definition

a)

Nonliving physical and chemical components of an ecosystem

b)

Any organism that is alive

c)

Interactions among populations of species

d)

Processes that occur only in cells

53.

Ecosystems & Organization: Abiotic Example

a)

Sunlight

b)

Bacteria

c)

Mushroom

d)

Grass

54.

Ecosystems & Organization: Biotic Definition

a)

Living components of an ecosystem

b)

Nonliving components of an ecosystem

c)

Energy flow through ecosystems

d)

Physical geography features only

55.

Ecosystems & Organization: Biotic Example

a)

Tree

b)

Rainfall

c)

Wind

d)

Sunlight

56.

Levels of Organization: Arrange from smallest to largest: Community, Species, Ecosystem, Population

a)

Species → Population → Community → Ecosystem

b)

Population → Species → Community → Ecosystem

c)

Species → Community → Population → Ecosystem

d)

Community → Species → Population → Ecosystem

57.

Nutrition Roles: Autotroph

a)

An organism that produces its own food using energy sources like sunlight or chemicals

b)

An organism that must consume other organisms for energy

c)

An organism that breaks down dead matter and recycles nutrients

d)

An organism that relies on darkness to grow

58.

Nutrition Roles: Heterotroph

a)

An organism that must consume other organisms for energy

b)

An organism that produces its own food

c)

An organism that performs photosynthesis exclusively

d)

An organism that decomposes dead material

59.

Nutrition Roles: Decomposer

a)

An organism that breaks down dead matter and recycles nutrients

b)

An organism that preys on live animals

c)

An organism that makes food through photosynthesis

d)

An organism that lives only in water

60.

Nutrition Roles: Phototroph

a)

An organism that obtains energy from light

b)

An organism that obtains energy from eating plants

c)

An organism that obtains energy from heat vents only

d)

An organism that obtains energy from decomposing material

61.

Ecological Succession: Primary Succession — Start condition

a)

No soil present

b)

Soil present

c)

High biodiversity present

d)

A mature forest already established

62.

Ecological Succession: Primary Succession — Example event

a)

New volcanic lava field solidifying

b)

Forest regrowing after a wildfire with soil intact

c)

Pond drying into a meadow

d)

A mature forest shading out understory

63.

Ecological Succession: Secondary Succession — Start condition

a)

Soil present

b)

No soil present

c)

Only bare rock present

d)

Glacier retreat exposing bedrock

64.

Ecological Succession: Secondary Succession — Example event

a)

Forest regrowing after a wildfire with soil intact

b)

Formation of soil on bare rock after lava cools

c)

Colonization of a new volcanic island

d)

Glacial retreat exposing new substrate

65.

Ecological Succession: Sequence — Briefly list the general steps from pioneer species to a climax community

a)

Bare substrate → Pioneer species → Soil formation → Intermediate communities → Climax community

b)

Climax community → Intermediate communities → Pioneer species → Bare substrate

c)

Pioneer species only → Climax community

d)

Soil formation → Bare substrate → Pioneer species → Climax community

66.

The Five Kingdoms & Classification: Cellular Organization — What is the main difference between a Prokaryote and a Eukaryote?

a)

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus in eukaryotes; prokaryotes lack a nucleus

b)

Eukaryotes cannot photosynthesize; prokaryotes always can

c)

Prokaryotes are multicellular; eukaryotes are always unicellular

d)

Eukaryotes lack organelles; prokaryotes have many

67.

Respiration: Aerobic organisms require

a)

Oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide

c)

Nitrogen

d)

No gas exchange

68.

Respiration: Anaerobic organisms require

a)

No oxygen

b)

High oxygen

c)

Nitrogen gas only

d)

Carbon dioxide only

69.

Reproduction: Define Asexual Reproduction

a)

Production of offspring from a single parent without fusion of gametes

b)

Fusion of gametes from two parents to produce offspring

c)

Exchange of genetic material between two bacterial cells

d)

Development of seeds after pollination

70.

Reproduction: Define Sexual Reproduction

a)

Fusion of gametes from two parents to produce offspring

b)

Production of genetically identical offspring from one parent

c)

Cell division by mitosis only

d)

Cloning in laboratory settings only

71.

Movement: Distinguish between Self-Moving and Static organisms

a)

Self-moving organisms can locomote independently; static organisms are attached or non-locomotory

b)

Static organisms move faster than self-moving organisms

c)

Self-moving organisms cannot change position; static organisms can

d)

Both terms mean the same thing

72.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Nucleus — Function

a)

Stores genetic information and controls cell activities

b)

Site of protein synthesis

c)

Barrier controlling entry and exit of substances

d)

Site of cellular respiration

73.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Nucleus — What kingdoms is it found in?

a)

All eukaryotic kingdoms (Protist, Fungi, Plant, Animal)

b)

Only plants

c)

Only bacteria

d)

Only animals

74.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Mitochondria — Function

a)

Site of cellular respiration producing ATP

b)

Photosynthesis to make sugars

c)

Storage of genetic material

d)

Protein synthesis

75.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Mitochondria — What kingdoms is it found in?

a)

Most eukaryotic kingdoms (Protist, Fungi, Plant, Animal)

b)

Only prokaryotes

c)

Only plants and bacteria

d)

Only animals and bacteria

76.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Chloroplast — Function

a)

Photosynthesis to convert light energy into sugars

b)

Cellular respiration to make ATP

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Control of cell division

77.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Chloroplast — What kingdoms is it found in?

a)

Plants and some protists

b)

Only animals

c)

Only fungi

d)

All prokaryotes

78.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Cell Wall — Function

a)

Rigid support and protection outside the cell membrane

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

ATP production

79.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Cell Wall — What kingdoms is it found in?

a)

Plants, fungi, and many prokaryotes

b)

Only animals

c)

Only protists

d)

Only bacteria

80.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Cell Membrane — Function

a)

Selectively regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell

b)

Stores hereditary information

c)

Synthesizes proteins

d)

Performs photosynthesis

81.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Cell Membrane — What kingdoms is it found in?

a)

All cells across all kingdoms

b)

Only animals

c)

Only plants

d)

Only bacteria

82.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Ribosome — Function

a)

Site of protein synthesis

b)

Storage of lipids

c)

DNA replication

d)

Cellular respiration

83.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Ribosome — What kingdoms is it found in?

a)

All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

b)

Only animals

c)

Only plants

d)

Only fungi

84.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Vacuole — Function

a)

Storage of water and other substances; maintains turgor in plant cells

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Cell communication

85.

Cell Biology & Organelles: Vacuole — What kingdoms is it found in?

a)

Common in plants; small or temporary in many protists and animals

b)

Only animals

c)

Only fungi

d)

Only prokaryotes

86.

Critical Thinking: If you look at a cell under a microscope and see a Cell Wall and Chloroplasts, what type of organism is it?

a)

Plant

b)

Animal

c)

Fungus

d)

Bacterium

87.

Critical Thinking: If you see a cell with no nucleus, what type of cell is it? (Prokaryotic / Eukaryotic)

a)

Prokaryotic

b)

Eukaryotic

c)

Both

d)

Neither

88.

Photosynthesis — Directions: Complete the details regarding the photosynthesis process. Choose the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.

a)

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

b)

6CO2+6H2O+light→C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

c)

CO2+H2O+light→C6H12O6CO_2 + H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6

d)

6O2+C6H12O6→6CO2+6H2O6O_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O

89.

Photosynthesis — Directions: Complete the details regarding the photosynthesis process. Select the correct set of reactants (inputs).

a)

Carbon dioxide and water

b)

Glucose and oxygen

c)

Oxygen and water

d)

Glucose and carbon dioxide

90.

Photosynthesis — Directions: Complete the details regarding the photosynthesis process. Select the correct set of products (outputs).

a)

Glucose and oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide and water

c)

Water and mineral ions

d)

Glucose and carbon dioxide

91.

Photosynthesis — Directions: Complete the details regarding the photosynthesis process. Identify the energy source for this process.

a)

ATP from mitochondria

b)

Heat from soil

c)

Light energy from the sun

d)

Chemical energy from glucose

92.

Photosynthesis — Directions: Complete the details regarding the photosynthesis process. Which specific group of organisms performs this process?

a)

Animals

b)

Fungi

c)

Plants and algae

d)

Viruses

93.

Transpiration & Stomata — Directions: Explain the water cycle within a plant. Transpiration — Choose the best definition of transpiration.

a)

The loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata

b)

The absorption of water by roots only

c)

The movement of sugars through phloem

d)

The storage of water in vacuoles

94.

Transpiration & Stomata — Directions: Explain the water cycle within a plant. Transpiration — The Driver: What physical factor "drives" or pulls the water up the plant?

a)

Evaporation of water at leaf surfaces creating negative pressure

b)

Active transport of water up xylem by ATP

c)

Gravity pulling water upward

d)

Root hairs pushing water with muscular force

95.

Transpiration & Stomata — Directions: Explain the water cycle within a plant. Rates — Which environmental factors can change the rate of transpiration? Select all that apply.

a)

Temperature

b)

Humidity

c)

Wind speed

d)

Light intensity

e)

pH of xylem sap

96.

Transpiration & Stomata — Directions: Explain the water cycle within a plant. Stomata — What are stomata?

a)

Microscopic pores in leaf surfaces that regulate gas exchange

b)

Long tubes that transport sugars from leaves to roots

c)

Storage cells for water in stems

d)

Root tips specialized for absorption

97.

Transpiration & Stomata — Directions: Explain the water cycle within a plant. Stomata — Where are stomata located?

a)

Mostly on leaf surfaces, especially the underside

b)

Inside xylem vessels

c)

On root hairs underground

d)

Within seed coats

98.

Transpiration & Stomata — Directions: Explain the water cycle within a plant. Stomata — Function: Why do plants need stomata?

a)

For gas exchange of CO2CO_2 and O2O_2 , and to regulate water loss

b)

To produce chlorophyll

c)

To anchor leaves to stems

d)

To store starch in mesophyll

99.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Leuco-.

a)

White

b)

Blue

c)

Dark

d)

Green

100.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Morph-.

a)

Shape/Form

b)

Life

c)

Heat

d)

Light

101.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Infra-.

a)

Below/Under

b)

Above

c)

Between

d)

Around

102.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the suffix -cyte.

a)

Cell

b)

Leaf

c)

Nucleus

d)

Body

103.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Oligo-.

a)

Few/Scant

b)

Large/Many

c)

Equal

d)

Different

104.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Chloro-.

a)

Green

b)

Yellow

c)

Red

d)

Colorless

105.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Hetero-.

a)

Different

b)

Same

c)

Self

d)

Across

106.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the suffix -philic.

a)

Loving/Attracted to

b)

Fear of

c)

Breaking apart

d)

Inside

107.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Pro-.

a)

Before/Forward

b)

After

c)

Against

d)

Around

108.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Homo-.

a)

Same

b)

Different

c)

Below

d)

Across

109.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Anti-.

a)

Against/Opposite

b)

With/Together

c)

Within

d)

Around

110.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Rubro-.

a)

Red

b)

Yellow

c)

Black

d)

White

111.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Chromo-.

a)

Color

b)

Time

c)

Heat

d)

Seed

112.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Supra-.

a)

Above/Over

b)

Below

c)

Across

d)

Outside

113.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Hyper-.

a)

Over/Excess

b)

Under/Below

c)

Equal

d)

Few

114.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the suffix -phobic.

a)

Fear of/Avoiding

b)

Loving/Attracted to

c)

Breaking down

d)

Moving

115.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Xantho-.

a)

Yellow

b)

Green

c)

Brown

d)

Blue

116.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Eu-.

a)

True/Good

b)

False/Bad

c)

Small

d)

Without

117.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the suffix -soma.

a)

Body

b)

Leaf

c)

Cell

d)

Nerve

118.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Sub-.

a)

Below/Under

b)

Above

c)

Across

d)

Within

119.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Xero-.

a)

Dry

b)

Wet

c)

Cold

d)

Light

120.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Poly-.

a)

Many

b)

Few

c)

Same

d)

Slow

121.

UNIT 2 — Write the definitions for the root words below. Choose the best meaning of the root Hypo-.

a)

Under/Below/Low

b)

Over/High

c)

Equal

d)

Across

122.

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the roots above to "translate" the following biological terms into plain English. Show your work by breaking the word apart. Word: Leucocyte — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

White blood cell

b)

Yellow leaf

c)

Small nucleus

d)

Water-loving cell

123.

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the roots above to "translate" the following biological terms into plain English. Word: Polymorph — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Many forms

b)

Same shape

c)

Dry body

d)

Inside color

124.

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the roots above to "translate" the following biological terms into plain English. Word: Chromosome — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Colored body

b)

Same color

c)

False nucleus

d)

Body heat

125.

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the roots above to "translate" the following biological terms into plain English. Word: Xerophilic — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Dry-loving

b)

Water-fearing

c)

Green body

d)

Under form

126.

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the roots above to "translate" the following biological terms into plain English. Word: Heterotroph — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Other-feeding organism (consumes organic matter)

b)

Same-feeding organism

c)

Dry-feeding organism

d)

Color-feeding organism

127.

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the roots above to "translate" the following biological terms into plain English. Word: Hydrophobic — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Water-fearing

b)

Water-loving

c)

Water-color

d)

Water-body

128.

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the roots above to "translate" the following biological terms into plain English. Word: Chlorophyll — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Green leaf pigment

b)

Yellow body

c)

Red cell

d)

Blue nucleus

129.

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the roots above to "translate" the following biological terms into plain English. Word: Hypodermic — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Under the skin

b)

Above the leaf

c)

Inside the nucleus

d)

Across the body

130.

Word: Polypeptide — Choose the best plain-English translation. (Hint: This is the polymer form of a protein)

a)

Many amino-acid bonds forming a chain

b)

Single sugar unit

c)

Dry body part

d)

Colorful leaf

131.

Word: Heterozygous — Choose the best plain-English translation. (Hint: think alleles e.g., Bb)

a)

Different paired alleles

b)

Same paired alleles

c)

No alleles present

d)

Dry paired nucleus

132.

Word: Homologous — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Having the same relation/structure

b)

Having different shapes

c)

Under the skin

d)

Color-changing

133.

Word: Antibiotic — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Against life (kills/inhibits microbes)

b)

With life

c)

Before life

d)

Colorful body

134.

Word: Chromosome — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Colored body

b)

Many cells

c)

Under nucleus

d)

Green leaf

135.

Word: Leukocyte — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

White cell

b)

Dry cell

c)

Green leaf cell

d)

Color body cell

136.

Word: Eukaryote — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

True nucleus organism

b)

Before nucleus organism

c)

Without nucleus

d)

Many forms

137.

Word: Hypertonic — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Higher solute concentration

b)

Lower solute concentration

c)

Equal solute concentration

d)

No solute

138.

Word: Xanthophyll — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Yellow leaf pigment

b)

Green cell

c)

Red body

d)

Blue nucleus

139.

Word: Prokaryote — Choose the best plain-English translation.

a)

Before nucleus organism

b)

True nucleus organism

c)

Color body organism

d)

Under skin organism

140.

Directions: Define the following terms and answer the questions based on your notes. Which statement best defines habitat?

a)

The physical environment where an organism lives

b)

The role an organism plays in an ecosystem, including how it uses resources

141.

Directions: Define the following terms and answer the questions based on your notes. Which statement best defines niche?

a)

The role an organism plays in an ecosystem, including how it uses resources and interacts

b)

The physical location an organism inhabits

142.

Directions: Define the following terms and answer the questions based on your notes. Application: If two species occupy the exact same niche in the same habitat, what usually happens?

a)

One species outcompetes the other, leading to exclusion

b)

Both species increase in population without conflict

143.

Directions: Define the following terms and answer the questions based on your notes. Resource Partitioning: Which option best defines this term?

a)

The division of limited resources so species use different parts or times to reduce competition

b)

The movement of organisms between habitats

144.

Directions: Define the following terms and answer the questions based on your notes. Tolerance: What is a "Range of Tolerance" for an organism (e.g., regarding temperature or pH)?

a)

The range of environmental conditions under which the organism can survive and reproduce

b)

The exact temperature at which an organism dies

145.

Practice Problems: Using your knowledge of word roots, choose the best plain‑English translation for the biological term. Word: Endothermic. Breakdown: endo (within) + thermic (heat).

a)

Heat absorbed from the environment

b)

Heat produced within the body

c)

Loss of heat to the outside

146.

Practice Problems: Using your knowledge of word roots, choose the best plain‑English translation for the biological term. Word: Macrophyll. Breakdown: macro (large) + phyll (leaf).

a)

Small leaf

b)

Large leaf

c)

Thick stem

147.

Practice Problems: Using your knowledge of word roots, choose the best plain‑English translation for the biological term. Word: Hydrophobic. Breakdown: hydro (water) + phobic (fearing).

a)

Water‑loving

b)

Water‑fearing; repelled by water

c)

Requires water to survive

148.

Practice Problems: Using your knowledge of word roots, choose the best plain‑English translation for the biological term. Word: Phototrophic. Breakdown: photo (light) + trophic (feeding).

a)

Feeds on other organisms

b)

Obtains energy/food from light

c)

Lives without light

149.

Practice Problems: Using your knowledge of word roots, choose the best plain‑English translation for the biological term. Word: Dendrology. Breakdown: dendro (tree) + logy (study of).

a)

Growth of roots

b)

Study of trees

c)

Disease of wood

150.

Practice Problems: Using your knowledge of word roots, choose the best plain‑English translation for the biological term. Word: Exoskeleton. Breakdown: exo (outside) + skeleton.

a)

Skeleton inside the body

b)

Skeleton outside the body

c)

No skeleton

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