Types of measurement

Measurand is---------------------quantity

The unknown quantity (also called the measurand) is directly compared against a -----

The unknown quantity (also called the measurand) is directly compared against a -----

The result of measurement is expressed in------------- and -----------

The standard is ------------ embodiment of a unit

The standard is ------------ embodiment of a unit

-----------methods are quite common for the measurement of physical quantities like length, mass and time.

Direct methods are quite common for the measurement of physical quantities like

Measuring length of bar is ----- method of measurement

-------- method is inaccurate

Measurement by -----------methods are not always possible, feasible and practicable.

-------- method is less sensitive

In engineering applications Measurement Systems are used. These measurement systems use ---------------------methods for measurement purposes.

A measurement system consists of a------------- element

Transducing element which converts the quantity to be measured in an ----------form.

Measurement generally involves using an ------------as a physical means of determining a quantity or variable.

An instrument may be defined as a device for determining the-----------of a quantity or variable.

The first instruments were ----------in nature

The earliest scientific instruments used the three essential elements are

There are -------- phases of instrument

Three phases of instruments are

------------------ instruments are very reliable for static and stable conditions.

---------------methods are used indicating the output of detectors

Electrical methods of indicating the output of detectors are more rapid than -----------methods.

potential source of poise and cause pollution of silence are disadvantages of ---------- instruments.

An electrical system normally depends upon a mechanical meter movement as -------------device.

Mechanical movement has some inertia and therefore these instruments have a -------

Electrical recorders can give full scale response in----------

Industrial recorders have responses of ----------------

Galvanometers can follow ----------------- Hz variations

The ------------- systems cannot cope up for faster responses.

In electronic devices is that very weak signals can be detected by using ----------------.

Electronic amplifiers provide ------------- amplification.

Hydraulic and pneumatic systems may be used for ------------------- amplification of signals.

Electronic instruments are light compact and have a --------------degree of reliability.

Power consumption is low in ------------------- instruments.

Instruments are of ----------- types

The quantity being measured can only be measured by observing the output indicated by the instrument is

-------------------instruments give the magnitude of the quantity under measurements in terms of physical constants of the instrument.

Tangent Galvanometer is an example of

Rayleigh's current balance is an example of

Comparison and calibration is needed in --------------- instruments

------------------------ instrument takes a lot of time to compute the magnitude of the quantity under measurement.

A voltmeter is an example of ------------------instruments.

A glass thermometer is an example of ------------------instruments.

A pressure gauge is an example of ----------------instruments.

Secondary instruments work in ------------------modes.

Signals that vary in a continuous fashion is -----------

------------------- signals take on an infinite values in any given range.

The signals which vary in discrete steps are

---------------------- are Function of instruments.

The deflection of a pointer of a measuring instrument is ----------- function

The deflection of pointer of a speedometer is an example of ---------- function.

A pressure gauge is an example of ---------------- function

Potentiometer is an example of ---------------- function

In controlling function, the information is used by the instrument or the system to ---------------- the original measured quantity

------------ is an example of controlling function

Thermostats are used for --------- control

----------------instruments needs no calibration or comparison

The quantity under measurement makes its first contact with-------------------------------

The conversion of Measurand into an analogous electrical signal is done by a --------

-------------------- converts energy from one form to another

A transducer is defined as a device which converts a -------------quantity into an ------------quantity.

The first stage of a measurement system is known as a ---------------stage.

------------------element is used to convert output into suitable form.

Suppose output is in analogue form and the next stage of the system accepts input signal only in digital form, then we have to use an ­------------converter.

The function of Variable manipulation Element is to -------the signal presented to it preserve the original nature of the signal.

The function of Variable -------------Element is to Manipulate the signal presented to it preserve the original nature of the signal.

An electronic amplifier accepts a small voltage signal as input and produces an output signal which is also voltage but of greater magnitude, here voltage amplifier acts as a variable ----------------element.

The two most important properties of voltage are

Modulation, detection, sampling, filtering, chopping and clipping are------------- process.

Some non-linear processes are performed on the signal to bring it to the desired form is called-----

Sampling is --------- process.

The element that follows the primary sensing element in any instrument or instrumentation system should be called--------------

To transmit data from one to another , we use ------------- element

The signal conditioning and transmission stage is commonly known as------------ stage.

The ----------is commonly known as Intermediate stage.

The final stage in a measurement system is known as--------

Bourdon tube acts as the -------------element

Gearing process in bourdon tube is -------------element.

Comparison of unknown quantity with known quantity is ------------

Sensitivity of digital instrument is

--------------and ----------- are data conditioning elements.

------------ and ------------- are intermediate elements.

Comparison of data is done in ---------- element

------------------ is used to show the result obtained in human readable form.

Bourdon tube belongs to -----------------------measuring instrument

Bourdon tube is------------- type

Uncertainty in measurement or variation is

------------------------Error is the difference between a measured quantity and its true value

Measurement Error is also known as ----------- error

---------------- of a measuring instrument is determined by the smallest unit to which it can measure.

The standard measure of each kind of physical quantity is called a ---------------

The ------------------------- is the number of times the unit occurs in any given amow1t of the same quantity

The numerical ratio may be called as -----------------

An ----------------system of units is defined as a system in which the various units are all expressed in terms of a small number of fundamental units.

-------------------- measurements do not compare the measured quantity with arbitrary units of the same type but are made in terms of -------------------- Units.

--------------------- unit is independent of any other unit

------------Cannot be expressed in terms of derived units

------------------ unit can be reduced to elementary level.

-----------------can be expressed in terms of fundamental units.

A system of Units constructed is called a -------------------- System.

Magnitude of a physical quantity=

The Numerical Ratio is called as

Since length, mass and time are fundamental to most other physical quantities besides those in mechanics, they are called the -------------------Fundamental Units.

Systematic errors affect ------------

Random errors affect--------------

--------------characteristics change slowly with time

Calculate span. +100 degree Celsius to -100  degree Celsius

Variation in output which is not caused by input is-----------

Range of input reading when there is no change in input is ---------

Calibration is needed to maintain---------------

International standards are maintained at

National Standards Laboratories maintains

---------------- standards are major tools of measurement laboratory.

A ------------------ Standard is a measurement used in calibration of working standards.

Systematic errors can be

Random errors can be eliminated by

---------------- is Closeness of measurement to the true value.

Select the correct option.

1.Every measurement by any measuring instrument has some error.

2. Every calculated physical quantity that is based on measured values has some errors.

3. A Measurement can have more accuracy and less precision and vice versa

The magnitude of measurement between individual measurement and true value of quantity is called as --------error.

Dead time of the instrument is

In electrical measuring instruments electrical energy is converted to

Which of the following are integrating instrument

The use of ------------ instruments is confined with laboratories as standardizing instruments