_____________ also known as water channels, are membrane proteins for passive transport of water-soluble substances without utilization of energy.

It uses energy usually in the form of ATP to pump molecules against the concentration gradient.

In active transport, the _______ can transport substance from low concentration to high concentration.

A process when both molecules cross the membrane in the same direction.

When a molecule moves across a membrane independent of other molecules, the process is called _______.

A process in the roots where positively charged mineral ions are made available to the plant. In this process, hydrogen ions (H +) in the soil displace the mineral ions from the clay particles. This process also keeps the minerals intact to the soil during heavy rain.

Described as the movement of water to the side with the greater concentration of solute.

If the external solution is more dilute than the cytoplasm, the external solution is _______.

It is the shrinkage of the cytoplasm of the cell away from its cell wall under the influence of hypertonic solution.

This type of plant cell shape is the most optimal for survival.

In isotonic solutions, the shape of the plant cell becomes _____.

________ is the measure of potential energy in water and drives the movement of water through plants.

The magnitude of lowering of water potential due to dissolution of solute is called ___________.

It is the physical pressure on a solution.

Which area of the plant should have the lowest water potential to generate transpiration?

A pathway where water moves exclusively through the cell wall without crossing any membranes.

Found in the endodermis is a region called Casparian strip, made up of ________, that acts as a barrier to water and solute movement.

It is described as a loss of water in liquid phase due to immense root pressure.

These cells regulate the intake of carbon dioxide and release of water vapor.

This theory explains how the water is pulled from the xylem under tension due to the adhesive attraction between water and the leaf cell walls.

________ is the mutual attraction between water molecules.

_________ is the attraction of water molecules to polar surfaces.

It explains why water molecules are attracted to each other in the liquid phase more than to water in the gas phase.

In transpiration, abscisic acid triggers movement of ions to force water out of the guard cells. Which ion moves toward the extracellular fluid?

This theory explains how water moves toward the shoots by generating a pulling force towards the highly concentrated, water-deprived mesophyll cells.

These are structures that produce photosynthates for the growing plant.

It explains how solutes are moved from source cells to sink cells.

During translocation, this phase refers to the buildup of sugars to make the phloem cells hypertonic

Phloem unloading occurs in the _____ tissue.

What is the rate of translocation in plants?

Is energy required in translocation?

What is the effect of guttation on plants?

_________ is defined as an increase in the number,

size, and volume of cells; definite (measurable)

It is the emergence of specialized,

morphologically different body parts.

These influence the growth and development of plants.

Phototropism is influenced by what PGR?

It is the first plant hormone to be discovered and referred as "The Growth Hormone".

This meristem is responsible for producing auxin.

It promotes cell division and elongation in plant shoots and cell, and breaks seed and bud dormancy.

The shedding of leaves, flowers, and fruits from the living plant is known as ___________.

The fungal species that led to the discovery of gibberellin.

This part of the seed is an excellent source of gibberellin.

The PGR that promotes cell division and affects dominance of auxin.

If the auxin dominates auxin:cytokinin ratio, which part of the plant tends to grow more?

The only gaseous hormone responsible for ripening of plants. It also causes the falling of leaves.

While gibberellin breaks seed dormancy, this PGA causes seed dormancy.

One of the applications of this PGR is to inactivate and preserve the fruits before they will be transported.

A stage in development where cells acquire form and structure.

The most obvious changes in plants could be observed in these organs.