B cells remain in the ___ for maturation.

T cells leave bone marrow to go to the ____ for maturation.

Which leukocytes are phagocytic

Where are T cells formed?

The lymph node is?

Complement proteins are in the?

Most of the lymphatic trunk drains into _____; drains all of left side of upper body into junction of left ____ ____ and left ____ ____

Remaining trunk of lymph trunk drain into right ____ _____ that drains into junction of right ____ ____ and right ____ ____

What percentage of interstitial fluid drains into lymphatic capillaries?

Where do dietary fats go after entering lymphatic capillaries?

Where do lymphoid organs filter pathogens?

The capillary in small intestines is called ____ and collects ____.

The lymph vessel has ____ muscle.

Blood vessels have no end but lymph vessels have an end.

What type of connective tissue do lymphoid tissue have that interweave and form nets that trap disease causing pathogens?

____ engulf foreign materials and initiate immune response.

What does MALT stand for?

Choose the answer that best describes the role of the Peyer's Patch.

The appendix is a 2 ended tube that filters and looks out for foreign things.

What is found inside the lymph node?

Does the spleen detect pathogens?

Does the Thymus detect pathogens?

In the spleen, what type of pulp contains macrophages that destroy old erythoctyes

In the spleen, what kind of pulp filters pathogens from blood that contain leukocytes and dendritic cells?

The thymus secretes a hormone called thymosin. Select all that are true about this hormone.

Which line of defense is innate, has barriers that block pathogen and is made of the skin/mucous membrane.

Which line of defense is innate, response to inflammation, complement proteins and antimicrobial substances.

Which line of defense is adaptive/acquired immunity and has specialized lymphocytes?

Which one does NOT apply to Cutaneous membranes?

Pick which one is FALSE about mucous membranes

Which leukocyte responds to parasitic pathogens?

Which one is usually the first responder to cellular injury?

Which leukocyte releases chemicals to fight off pathogens?

Who recognizes cancerous cells and viruses

Complement protein are made by

Interferons job is to?

Interleukons are chemicals made by white blood cells to activate?

What sets the bodies temperature back to 38 degrees celsius after a fever?

Lymphedema is the dysregulation of interstitial fluid; the arms and legs are usually affected.

Check off the facts for type 1 diabetes in autoimmune disorders.

Check off facts about AIDS.

Active immunity produces memory cells naturally or through a vaccine meaning they are protected ___?

Passive immunity occurs naturally such as igG passed through mothers milk, or artificially through injection with antibodies. The memory is?

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide is produced by the ___. ANP is a hormone that ___ blood pressure by increasing urination through decreasing Na+ retention in the kidneys.

The pulmonary system is on the ___ side and the system system is on the __ side

Right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava?

The interventricular sulcus has a depression between the?

Vessels are ____ and arteries are ____?

Which node is responsible for starting the heart rate in the right atrium?

Contractile cells pump __, pacemaker cells are responsible for __.

Which one is the middle layer of the heart tissue?

The endocardium is composed ___ tissue while the myocardium is composed of ___ tissue.

The left atrium is thicker than the right atrium.

Pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood into the ___?

What is the role of the chordae tendineae?

The right AV valve is called the tricuspid valve and the left AV valve is called the bicuspid or mitral valve.

Pacemaker cells are found in?

Put the Action Potential phases in order:

1. Repolarization phase

2. Full depolarization phase

3. Slow initial depolarization phase

4. Minimum Potential Phase (resting)

Which action potential phase is it when cation + channels open allowing Na+ to leak into the cell and K to leak out?

Which type of junction in the intercelated discs allow for Action Potentials to pass from Pacemaker cells to Contracticle cells?

Put these in order for Electrophysiology of Contractile cells:

1. Repolarization phase

2. Initial repolarization phase

3. Platea phase

4. Rapid depolarization phase

In the plateau phase, how many mv is the depolarization at?

In the repolarization phase of Contractile cells, both Na+ and Ca+ channels return to resting state and K+ channels open at __ mv.

In what stage are k+ channels open for a brief period of time in Contractile cells?

Tetany (no contraction) occurs during which phase?

P wave is the first wave that depolarizes all cells in the atria except the ____ node.

The QRS complex is the place where ventricular repolarization occurs

The T wave represents?

When the ventricles are relaxing, the pressure in the atria is ___ and the semilunar valves are ___.

When the ventricles are relaxed, the end diastolic preload volume is at __ ML.

During atrial systole (contraction), how much ML of blood is being pushed into the ventricles?

Does blood stay the same during ventricular isovolumetric contraction?

During ventricular isovolumetric contraction, what happens to the valves?

During systole ejection phase how many ML of blood are in the ventricles?

During End systolic volume, how many ML of blood remain?

Check off the facts of Cardiac output.

How do we determine Stroke Volume?

Where does the coronary sinus receive blood from?

The P wave is the atria depolarization phase and the QRS complex is responsible for the ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization phase.

High pressure in the pulmonary trunk and aorta make the ___ valves close.

What determines the preload; length or degree of stretch of sarcomeres in ventricular cells before they contract?

In the sympathetic nervous system, the hormones that increases cardiac output is?

The parasympathetic nervous system innervates heart by the vagus nerve X and releases _____ hormone that affects SA node by decreasing its rate of action potential generation.

In the sympathetic system in the Adrenal Medulla, it secrets NE and E which will cause:

ANP decreases blood volume and preload and therefore ___ cardiac output

The hormone such as aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone increase blood volume and preload and so ___ cardiac output

If body temperature goes down then the parasympathetic will ____?

If body temperature goes up then the sympathetic will ___?

The buildup of plaques is called?

Plasma makes 55% while formed elements make 45%

RBC count

WBc count

Platelet count:

What is the percentage of Erythrocytes in formed elements?

3 leukocytic phagocytes?

Platelets are developed into megakaryocytes (thrombopoiesis) that have a life span of ____ days and are removed from circulation by the ___ and ____.

Hemoglobin amount in woman vs men?

How long does it take for blood to start clotting?

When does clotting start?

What is the life span of a RBC?

In the intrinsic pathway, proteins are already found in the blood. XII (12) activates __ and ___

Calcium activates protein?

During erythrocyte death, erythrocytes are trapped in sinusoids of the ___ and ___ digest them.

What can be reused to make new proteins?

Where is Bilirubin sent for excretion of bile?

Blood clotting is a ___ feedback.

Which type of capillary has no holes, is most common and has tight junctions?

To find NFP you must subtract hydrostatic pressure form osmotic pressure.

(35mmHg-22mmHg =13 mmHg)

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fat, calcium and salts in the tunica ___

What type of antigen do macrophages carry? Who exocytosed into them?

Naive B. cells that encounter their Ags become activated, B cells bind to a T _ to become fully activated.

In innate immunity, T helper cells secrete cytokine interleukin _ and cause macrophages to produce interleukin _ in order to generate more interleukin 3 which is an example of ____ feedback regulation.

In adaptive immunity, T helper cells secrete cytokine interleukin _ that is required to activate Tc cells. T helper cells directly bind to B cells and stimulate them to proliferate and differentiate.

T c cells generally interact only with class 1 or class 2 MHC molecules?