The pre-scientific theory, which states that persons are possessed by evil spirits that cause crime and other evil behavior and that this behavior can be eliminated only when the spirits are eliminated.

These pre-scientific explanations states that demonic possession, God‘s will or other supernatural forces cause crime. But it is not scientific theory. Supernatural forces cannot be observed, and the demonic perspective is therefore not testable.

the first formal explanations of crime and delinquency held that human behavior was a matter of choice. It has its roots in the classical of criminology developed by the eighteenth-century Italian social thinker Cesare Beccaria.

It was premised on the idea that people have free will in making decisions, and that punishment can be a deterrent for crime, so long as the punishment is proportional, fits the crime, and is carried out promptly.

The idea here is that crime was caused largely by demonic influence. Although the ―devil made me do it‖ is certainly an explanation of criminal behavior but it is not scientific theory.

This is the process of linking facts together in order to explain something. It is an explanation.

Another student of Lombroso believed that a number of biological, social and organic factors caused delinquency and crime.

Refers to the effect that punishment has on offender.

According to this theory, the greater their exposure to dangerous places, the more likely people will become victims of crime and violence.

He was the one who founded the Positivist School of Criminology.

The idea that punishing offenders will deter the rest of society.

It is the study of "criminal" human beings.

Which among of the following atavistic feature does not belong to the group?

Below are the classification of criminals according to Ferri except;

This theory of crime assert that deterring, reducing, or eliminating crime can occur through stricter child rearing practices, enhanced punishments, and/or an increase in surveillance and security.

Those who are skinny and slender; Their crimes petty thievery and fraud.

Who among of the following does not belong to the group?

Below are the classification of criminals according to Ferri except;

Below are the classifications of criminals according to Garofalo except;

He agreed that criminal is abnormal, as he thought of him to be lacking in the degree of sentiments and repugnance‘s held by the other in society.

Those who are muscular and strong: They usually connected with crimes against violence.

Those who are stout and with round bodies; They tend to commit deception, fraud and violence.

Those who are less clear evident having any predominant type. Their offenses are against decency and morality.

According to him, human beings can be divided into three basic body types, or somatotypes, which correspond to three basic temperaments.

The HOLY THREE of CRIMINOLOGY

He traced the Juke lineage back to a notorious character named Max, a Dutch immigrant who arrived in New York in the early 1700s, Two of Max's sons married into the notorious "Juke family of girls," six sisters, all of whom were said to be illegitimate.

He attempted to place the study of deviant families within an acceptable scientific framework via the provision of a kind of control group.

It has been developed from the same egg, and carry virtually the same genetic material.

He published a follow-up to Dugdale's work, in which he identified an additional 715 Juke descendants, including 378 more prostitutes, 170 additional paupers, and 118 other criminals.

He was a Puritan Preacher who was the subject of comparison of Richard Dugdale in his studies of the Juke Family.

Early studies of this type often focused on criminal families, or families that appeared to exhibit criminal tendencies through several generations.

He was the first German Physician who studied to link MZ twins to criminality .

He has been an advocate of the Utilitarian Hedonism, Filicific Calculus and Penal Pharmacy.

Studies of the criminal tendencies of fraternal and identical twins provide a methodologically sophisticated technique for ferreting out the role of inheritance in crime causation.

It was developed from different fertilized eggs and share only that genetic material common among siblings.

The one who has acquired his habit of crime mainly through the ineffective measures employed by society for the prevention and repression of crime.

in this theory, they are more focus on the criminal actor rather than the criminal acts.

He viewed that the criminal act of a certain person was a result of his/her free will.

What theory influenced Lombroso to pursue his development on his Theory of Atavism?

A French Sociologist who proposed a Philosophical approach in the Positivist Theory.

The one who commits insignificant criminal acts, not because of his personality, but because of the circumstances in which he lives.

They are the one who suffers from criminal neurosis, which is not in itself sufficient to cause crime.

What was the title of the book written by Cesare Beccaria?

Which of the following is incorrect?