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WorksheetsQCE marine unit 3 topic 2
Total questions: 47
Worksheet time: 28mins
limestone skeleton of a coral is built from
carbonate ions [CO32–]
[Ca2+] combine with chloride [Cl–]
[Ca2+] combine with carbonate ions [CO32–]
[Ca2+]
Increase coral diversity increases
habitat diversity
fish populations
health of the ecosystem
all of the above
corals are referred to as ecosystem
makers
niche builders
bulkers
engineers
nematocysts are at
type of plankton
the mouth of the coral used for feeding
stinging cells that help corals defend and feed
stinging cells that are only used by coral for defence
Corals feed on plankton
Day and night
predominantly at night
predominantly in the day
neither coral only use energy from zooxanthella
The symbiotic relationship with algae in coral is called
diatoms
zooxanthellae
zoanthoid
Alcyonacea
surface run-off, salinity fluctuations, climate change, cyclic crown-of-thorns outbreaks, overfishing, spills and improper ballast
All pressures affecting coral reefs
have no impact on coral reefs
If water from ship ballasts are released close to shore they
do no harm
can release plankton of non endemic organisms
can release grown non endemic organisms
can release high nutrient water causing pollution
________________ practices can reduce and improve the quality of run off water
riparian management practices
only farm management practices
climate management practices
land management practices
climate change affect coral reefs
by bleaching and ocean acidification
bleaching and ocean buffering
beaching
increasing temperatures
crown of thorns starfish COTS increase due to
natural cycles
climate change
farm run off
increased nutrient and removal of predators
coral cover can be reduced by
increase temperatures causing bleaching
decrease of herbivores
increase nutrient causing algae cover
all the above
low dissolved oxygen can be caused in the ocean by
high nutrients
no wind
no ocean mixing
lack of protein skimming
The normal salinity levels is
35 ppt 1.022
never changes in the ocean it is two large
can be changed by river outlets and runoff
normally fluctuates
increased runoff can occur by
reducing riparian vegetation
reducing tilling
increasing hard surfaces
making more natural areas
the roughness of a reefs surface is called
diversity
rugosity
roughness
niche diversity
ecosystems with high interconnectivity have
high resilience
low resilience
low diversity
high biodiversity
how do herbivores benefit coral reef ?
they store nutrients and stay close together
they are not a benefit as corals close as they swim by
they cover the corals
reduce algae so they do not smother corals
Point at which an ecosystem can no longer cope with environmental change is called
crash point
tipping point
eco point
set point
the dependence of the state of a ecological system on its history is called?
hysteresis
hieratical
ahistorical
non-historical
Anthropogenic change means
change by arthropods
artificial change
human induced change
change that happens naturally
Future climate models suggest
temperature increases with time naturally
larger levels of co2 increases the temperature considerably
we do not need to worry about CO2 as it would not increase temperature
there is nothing we can do to stop increasing CO2
Bleaching did not occur in the
Holocene
the middle ages
Precambrian
masonic
A law stating that the abundance or distribution of an organism can be controlled by certain factors
ecological law
law of limiting factor
Liebigs law
Shelford's law
After corals have been belched
they never recover
the coral can only recover if there is enough nutrient
they can recover if there are the correct genetic form
if temperatures return to normal the coral can recover.
coral cores can identify
times of high nutrient
provide information on weather
can provide information on ocean events
all the above
Buffering is the ability to keep the pH high even when acids are added
False
True
sources of carbon dioxide
water run off in farm land
CO2 is stable in the environment
trees undergoing photosynthesis
burning of fossil fuels
calcium changes
changes in saturation of calcium due to
ocean acidification
is caused by increased carbonate ions
only affects corals
is caused by increased carbon dioxide
affects all trophic levels
Up welling brings nutrient poor water to the surface
true
false
resilience is the ability of an ecosystem
to recover after a disturbance
stop any change in the ecosystem
resist change
recover fish and coral populations
When corals are exposed to increased acids they
have weak skeletons
show increased damage after storms
show stronger skeletons due to adverse conditions they face
they can with stand change better as they are stronger
surface run-off
sedimentation reduces clarity and causes smothering of organisms
salinity fluctuation
freshwater inundation causing bleaching
climate change
increasing temperatures causing corals to bleach
improper ballast
introduce species that out compete native species
COTS outbreak
Crown of Thorns starfish eating excessive amount of corals
The law that describes any factor that are above or below the organisms threshold.
zone of stress law
natural selection law
Shelford's law
Law of normal
Describe the number of years above the average 0 line before 1950 and in 2000
There is no difference
There is low number of events above 0 average in 1950 by 2000 most years are above 0 average
There is more events below 0 in 2000 than in 1950
1950 was colder than 2000
Coral bleaching recovery is
never possible
always happens
it is possible, when zooxanthella populations restablish
required time for coral to re recover
Corals recover best when
Increase temperatures
The coral needs to be naturally selected
If there are many fish species increasing diversity
The stressor is reduced in a short amount of time
Name the chemical that buffers salt water
carbonate
carbon dioxide
carbonic acid
hydrogen ions
Increase in atmosphere carbon dioxide effects
global temperatures
decreased ocean pH
increases hydrogen ion concentration in the ocean
all the above
Match the following carbon dioxide productions
burning fossil fuels
combustion of hydrocarbons
cement production
co2 is made in the production of cement
deforestation
tree that are cut down no longer remove CO2 from atmosphere
volcanic activity
when volcano erupts CO2 is released
excess CO2 in atmosphere
excess CO2 absorbed into ocean
carbonic acid formed
water reacts with carbon dioxide
equilibrium between bi-carbonic ion and carbonic acid
Above this depth calcium carbonate does not dissolve as easily
carbon compression depth
carbonate compensation depth
slow line
the rate of accumulation of snow falling
The ocean absorbs
absorbs all carbon dioxide
80% of carbon dioxide is released
31 % of carbon dioxide is released
absorbs no CO2
Carbon dioxide levels in history have...
Carbon dioxide is cyclic in nature
carbon dioxide levels fluctuate but remained under 300pp, until 1950
has never been below 300ppm before 1950
Resilience of coral reefs may be aided by
sceractinian corals can actively pump out H+
natural selection
changes in population
all of the above
