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WorksheetsHSC Biology Revision
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins
Which of the following is an example of a non-infectious disease?
Polio caused by a virus
Cholera caused by a bacterium
Wheat rust caused by a fungus
Haemophilia caused by a gene mutation
What does the body produce in response to a vaccine?
Antigens
Antibiotics
Antibodies
Activated toxins
How does the cochlear implant assist people with severe hearing loss?
It amplifies sound.
It stimulates the ear drum.
It stimulates the auditory nerve.
It amplifies vibrations in the cochlea.
Which of the following is part of the innate immune response?
Antibodies
Phagocytes
Stomach acid
B lymphocytes
Which of the following is an advantage for animals using internal fertilisation rather than external fertilisation?
It prevents dehydration of gametes.
It involves large numbers of gametes.
It relies on adaptations such as mating rituals
It allows gametes to combine to form unique offspring.
A group of islands are separated from each other by large stretches of water. Each island has its own policy on quarantine. A nearby country is experiencing an outbreak of an infectious disease in its cattle. An investigation is to be designed to find which of the quarantine policies operating on the islands is the most effective.
Which of the following would be a suitable design feature of the investigation?
The control is the smallest island.
The control is the number of infected cattle.
The independent variable is quarantine policy.
The independent variable is the number of infected cattle.
Which of the following is always true of a mutation that produces a dominant allele?
It will be lethal in a population.
It will be expressed in heterozygous individuals.
It will only be expressed in homozygous individuals.
It will spread more quickly through the population than a recessive allele.
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
The diagram shows the impact of birds feeding on a population of beetles over time.
Which of the following accounts for the change in the beetle population?
Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Environmental pressure
How many complete nucleotides are shown in the figure?
1
2
4
8
Two types of bacteria were isolated from a patient’s throat swab and grown in pure culture on separate agar plates. On each plate there were FOUR different antibiotic discs, W, X, Y and Z.
The photograph shows the plates seven days later.
Which antibiotic should be used to treat the patient?
W
X
Y
Z
A group of four students set out to determine the animal species diversity over an area of one hectare in each of five different habitats. Each student graphed their data as shown.
Which of the graphs produced is the most suitable to represent animal species diversity in the different habitats?
The glucose tolerance test is used to investigate the control of glucose in the human body. Patients consume 75 g of glucose and their blood glucose is monitored. Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the cells of the body do not respond adequately to insulin.
Which graph could represent the results of glucose tolerance tests in a non-diabetic person and a person with untreated Type 2 diabetes?
Genetic drift is a gradual change in
the alleles of an individual due to mutation.
allele frequency in a population due to chance.
the genes of a population due to natural selection.
gene frequency in a population due to natural selection.
The following DNA base sequence is used to code for a sequence of four amino acids.
Which of the following TWO responses correctly represents the anticodons on the transfer RNA during synthesis of this string of amino acids?
A germ-line mutation is known to have occurred.
How is it possible that there has been no noticeable change in the phenotype of the offspring?
The mutation occurred in a stretch of RNA.
The mutation occurred in a protein-coding region.
The mutation occurred in a stretch of non-coding DNA.
The mutation did not affect the DNA sequence of any gametes.
The diagram shows the effect of the hormone oxytocin on the uterus during the birth of a mammal.
Which of the following best identifies and explains the feedback loop demonstrated in the diagram?
The diagram shows how CRISPR/Cas9 can be used as a new tool for genetic engineering.
This technology has dramatically improved scientists’ ability to successfully modify genomes.
What type of structure must Cas9 be?
Enzyme
mRNA
Ribosome
tRNA
Scientists have been able to use biotechnology to ‘cut and paste’ DNA for decades.
Why would the new CRISPR/Cas9 technology have improved the scientists’ success in cutting DNA of specific genes?
Cas9 is able to combine with specific DNA.
Cas9 has an active site that cuts target DNA.
gRNA has the same nucleotides as the target DNA.
gRNA has nucleotides complementary to the target DNA.
Which of the following correctly states the genotype probabilities for the offspring of the parents shown in this punnett square?
50% heterozygous 50% homozygous dominant
50% heterozygous 50% homozygous recessive
50% heterozygous 25% homozygous recessive 25% homozygous dominant
100% heterozygous
While observing a litter of guinea pigs, Jack and Jill noticed that they had a variety of brown and white coats. They knew the guinea pigs had the same parents and that they were all from the same litter. Which best explains why they had different coat colors?
they received an exact copy of both parents' DNA
they randomly received DNA from only one parent
the coat color is random and not influenced by parents
they received different combinations of DNA from both parents
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Which of the following cellular structures is NOT classified as an organelle because it is not membrane bound?
ribosome
vacuole
peroxisome
mitochondria
chloroplast
What is the smallest pathogen?
micro pathogen
bacteria
virus
spore
What is thought of as the primary defenses against pathogens in the human body?
Lymphocytes and phagocytes
Antibodies and lymphocytes
The skin and mucous membranes
The circulatory system
If the skin is broken then a blood clot forms to seal this cut.
What is the first step in the process of blood clotting?
Fibrinogen turns into fibrin
Platelets release clotting factors
Fibrinogen is converted into thrombin
Thrombin is converted into prothrombin
Which type of blood cells are capable of ingesting pathogens?
Erythrocytes
Antibodies
Lymphocyte cells
Phagocyte cells
What is thought of as the primary defenses against pathogens in the human body?
Lymphocytes and phagocytes
Antibodies and lymphocytes
The skin and mucous membranes
The circulatory system
If the skin is broken then a blood clot forms to seal this cut.
What is the first step in the process of blood clotting?
Fibrinogen turns into fibrin
Platelets release clotting factors
Fibrinogen is converted into thrombin
Thrombin is converted into prothrombin
What is the effect which thrombin has on the process of blood clotting?
Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin
Prothrombin is converted to thrombin
Platelets are caused to release clotting factors.
Clotting factors are taken up by red blood cells.
Which type of blood cells are capable of ingesting pathogens?
Erythrocytes
Antibodies
Lymphocyte cells
Phagocyte cells
Anitigens on pathogens which have got into the human body can lead to the development of specific immunity.
That is an immunity which responds only to this antigen.
Which of the following cells causes the specific immunity?
Erythrocytes
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Why do antibiotics have little or no effect on human cells, yet they can cause the death of bacteria?
Antibiotics block prokaryote cell processes, but not the processes in eukaryote cells.
Antibiotics can only affect cells below a certain size.
Human cells have a protective plasma membrane which prokaryote cells don't have.
Antibiotics are made of proteins which cannot pass through the plasma membrane.
There are limits to the effectiveness of antibiotics.
Why is this?
Viruses are not affected because they have no metabolism, and some bacteria have evolved resistance.
Bacteria are not affected by antibiotics, only viruses.
Only one species of bacteria is affected by a single antibiotic.
Only some types of virus and bacteria are affected by antibiotics, because of the evolution of resistance.
Which of the following best describes the effect of HIV on the immune system.
HIV infection causes a reduction in the number of active blood cells resulting in a high fever.
HIV reduces the number of active lymphocytes limiting the body's ability to produce antibodies.
HIV reduces the number of active erythrocytes limiting the production of antibodies.
HIV reduces the number of phagocytes which in turn limits the production of antibodies.
When activated by the presence of a pathogen some lymphocytes produce antibodies and other lymphocytes act as memory cells.
Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in the immune system?
They store antigens from the pathogen for lymphocytes to use as a template for antibodies in the future.
They remember the antigen on the pathogen and tell the lymphocytes how to respond if it is re-encountered.
They quickly clone to form a group of phagocytes if the pathogen is re-encountered.
They quickly clone to form a group of plasma cells if the pathogen is re-encountered.
Which of the following is the best explanation of the likely consequences of a blood clot forming in a coronary artery?
Part of the heart receives a slower supply of blood, and contractions of the heart become irregular.
The blood is prevented from getting to the cardiac muscle and it stops contraction, the heart stops beating.
The blood stops flowing into the heart and this prevents the flow of blood around the body.
The blood clot moves from the coronary artery to the brain causing a stroke.
Florey and Chain shared a Nobel Prize with Alexander Fleming for their work on penicilin.
Which of the following statements best describes their experiment which tested penecillin on mice?
Four mice injected with a bacterial disease and four injected with penicillin to test toxicity and effectiveness.
Two mice injected with penicillin and a bacterial disease to test both toxicity and effectiveness against bacteria.
Toxicity test on two mice, then eight mice injected with a lethal dose of disease bacteria, four of which were also given penicillin to test its effectiveness against bacteria.
Hundreds of mice injected with penicillin and their lives monitored to measure how many of the mice developed infections during their lives.
Which of the following lists methods of transmission of HIV?
Sex without a condom, from breast milk, contaminated blood transfusions.
From saliva, sharing food and mosquito bites.
From bodily fluids such as sweat, semen and saliva.
Sex without a condom, mosquito bites and contaminated blood transfusions.
Why do antibiotics have little or no effect on human cells, yet they can cause the death of bacteria?
Antibiotics block prokaryote cell processes, but not the processes in eukaryote cells.
Antibiotics can only affect cells below a certain size.
Human cells have a protective plasma membrane which prokaryote cells don't have.
Antibiotics are made of proteins which cannot pass through the plasma membrane.
There are limits to the effectiveness of antibiotics.
Why is this?
Viruses are not affected because they have no metabolism, and some bacteria have evolved resistance.
Bacteria are not affected by antibiotics, only viruses.
Only one species of bacteria is affected by a single antibiotic.
Only some types of virus and bacteria are affected by antibiotics, because of the evolution of resistance.
When activated by the presence of a pathogen some lymphocytes produce antibodies and other lymphocytes act as memory cells.
Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in the immune system?
They store antigens from the pathogen for lymphocytes to use as a template for antibodies in the future.
They remember the antigen on the pathogen and tell the lymphocytes how to respond if it is re-encountered.
They quickly clone to form a group of phagocytes if the pathogen is re-encountered.
They quickly clone to form a group of plasma cells if the pathogen is re-encountered.
Which disease is due to a body part wearing out?
metabolic disease
genetic disorder
cancer
degenerative disease
inflammatory disease
Which disease is due to inheriting a gene that doesn't work properly?
metabolic disease
genetic disorders
cancer
degenerative diseases
inflammatory diseases
Which disease is due to uncontrolled cell growth?
metabolic disease
genetic disorders
cancer
degenerative diseases
inflammatory diseases
Which disease is due to an incorrect chemical reaction in the body?
metabolic disease
genetic disorders
cancer
degenerative diseases
inflammatory diseases
Non-infectious diseases are caused by a pathogen.
true
false
What term describes "illness within a population"
mortality
virulent
carcinogen
morbidity
What term describes "death within a population"
mortality
virulent
botulism
morbidity
True or False: unfavorable lifestyle patterns can be a determinant for disease development
True
False
True or False: Smoking is considered a determinant for disease development?
True
False
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.
etiology
epidemiology
diagnosis
prognosis
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
Health crisis
Pandemic
Epidemic
Endemic
a disease that has spread across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide
endemic
pandemic
health crisis
epidemic
___________________ discovered that diseases are caused by specific living organisms
Robert Koch
Edward Jenner
Alexander Fleming
Jonas Salk
According to Koch's postulates, the pure culture must _____________ when inoculated into a susceptible animal.
reproduce the disease
kill the animal
kill the disease
weaken the animal
According to Koch's postulates, the microorganism must be observed and __________ from the experimentally diseased animal.
reproduced
recovered
killed
grown
Recall where in the kidney the glomeruli are found.
Renal Medulla
Renal Pelvis
Renal Cortex
Recall where in the nephron ultrafiltration occurs.
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Urethra
Bowman's capsule
Recall where in the nephron reabsorption of water using a counter current system occurs.
Collecting duct
Bowman's capsule
Loop of Henle
Urethra
Recall where in the nephron reabsorption of amino acids occurs.
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Ureter
Recall what structure carries filtrate from the renal pelvis to the bladder.
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Ureter
Urethra
Recall what structure carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
Ureter
Urethra
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Recall which hormone controls the levels of water reabsorbed from the collecting ducts.
Testosterone
Anti-diuretic hormone
Adrenaline
Progesterone
What is the function of middle ear?
Convert mechanical signal to electrical signal
Convert air vibration to electrical signal
Conduct acoustic energy
Identify other function of the ear...
Control balance
Assist in balancing pressure
Assist in speech
Conductive hearing loss can be caused by damage to:
tympanic membrane
cochlea
ossicles (ear bones)
auditory canal
The hearing technology that amplifies sound is:
bone conduction implant
hearing aid
cochlear implant
Which hearing technologies can help to address conductive hearing loss?
bone conduction implant
hearing aid
cochlear implant
