a first-line medication to treat hypoxemia,Improve tissue oxygenation.

Indicated for the restoration of cardiac electrical activity in an arrest.

Increases automaticity and the force of contraction, an effect that makes the heart more susceptible to successful defibrillation.

Used for Ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), asystole, and PEA

1 mg IV push every 3 to 5 minutes, Can also be given via intraosseous or ETT.

1 mg IV push every 3 to 5 minutes, Can also be given via intraosseous or ETT.

Effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation:

1- vasoconstriction

2- increased contractility

Effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation:

1- increased heart rate

2- increased contractility

Effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation:

1- Vasodilation

2- Relaxation of bronchial, uterine, and gastrointestinal smooth muscle

1- Potent vasoconstrictor

2- Alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects

One time dose of 40 units IV for VF/pulseless VT, Repeat doses are not necessary because the drug has a 10- to 20-minute half-life.

Can be given via ETT (dilute in 10 mL of NS)

Decreases vagal tone

Use for Symptomatic bradycardia

0.5 mg every 3 to 5 min IV push, Maximum of 3 mg

Can be given via ETT (2-3 mg diluted in 10 mL of NS or sterile water

External pacemaker on standby

Atropine is no longer given in PEA or asystole

Antidysrhythmic (2 anwsers)

Indicated for treatment and prophylaxis of recurring VF and unstable VT refractory to other treatment (CPR, defibrillation, and vasopressors).

It is also given in supraventricular tachycardia for rate control or conversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter, especially in patients with heart failure.

Alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic blocking properties

During cardiac arrest 300 mg IV/IO loading bolus

Suppresses ventricular ectopy (premature ventricular contractions).

Lidocaine is used when amiodarone is not available in cardiac arrest from VT & VF.

Bolus 1 to 1.5 mg/kg; additional bolus 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg every 5 to 10 minutes up to 3 mg/kg

Assess for lidocaine toxicity

Can be administered via ETT tube (2-4 mg/kg diluted in 10 mL of NS or sterile H20).

Slows conduction through AV node

Primary use for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Drug has a very short half-life and must be given rapidly IV push.

Rapid IV push through port nearest insertion site of IV followed by rapid flush of 20 mL NS

The initial dose is a 6 mg IV push over 1 to 3 seconds, followed by a 20-mL rapid saline flush. Expect short pause in rhythm after administration.

A second and third dose of 12 mg may be given 1 to 2 minutes later

If effective, the patient may have a short pause of the cardiac rhythm prior to resuming a sinus rhythm.

Used for Refractory VF, torsades de pointes (type of VT)

Known deficiency of magnesium

According to ABGs.

Treatment of metabolic acidosis.

Do not mix with other medications (precipitate).

Rarely given; limited data available to support administration during arrest.

Dosage is determined by ABG values.

Initial dosage of sodium bicarbonate is 1 mEq/kg by IV push.

Used for Symptomatic hypotension in the absence of hypovolemia.

Vasoactive (vasoconstrictor) to increase BP.

Continuous drip,

2 to 5 mcg/kg/min (learn calculations), Dose is dependent on blood pressure control, In doses greater than 20 mcg/kg/min, marked vasoconstriction occurs

• Effects dose related,

• Moderate doses = cardiac doses

• Higher doses = vasopressor doses

Consider need for fluids versus dopamine.

Lidocaine

Dopamine: Effects dose related,

• Moderate doses = _________

Dopamine: Effects dose related,

• Higher doses = ___________

Nonadrenergic vasopressor/alternative to epinephrine