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WorksheetsPsych First Semester Final Review
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 46mins
known for conducting the first psychological experiment, established the first psychology lab
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Bradford Titchener
Mary Whiton Calkings
Margaret Floy Wasburn
pioneering memory research, first woman to earn a psychology PhD, first female president of the American Psychological Association
Edward Titchener
Mary Floy Washburn
Mary Whiton Calkins
Sigmund Freud
Austrian psychologist who developed an influential theory of personality
Edward Titchner
Sigmud Freud
Mary Whiton Calkins
William Wundt
first woman to be awarded a psychology PhD, author of The Animal Mind, did important research on animal behavior the basic psychological processes of sensation and perception
William Wundt
Magaret Floy Washburn
Sigmund Freud
Edward Titchener
Which describes PSYCHOLOGICAL influences on behavior
learned fears and other learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations
natural selection of adaptive traits, genetic predispositions responding to environment, brain mechanisms, hormonal influences
presence of others, cultural, social, and family expectations, peer and other group influences, compelling models (such as in the media)
Which describes BIOLOGICAL influences on behavior
learned fears and other learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations
natural selection of adaptive traits, genetic predispositions responding to environment, brain mechanisms, hormonal influences
presence of others, cultural, social, and family expectations, peer and other group influences, compelling models (such as in the media)
Which describes SOCIAL-CULTURAL influences on behavior
learned fears and other learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations
natural selection of adaptive traits, genetic predispositions responding to environment, brain mechanisms, hormonal influences
presence of others, cultural, social, and family expectations, peer and other group influences, compelling models (such as in the media)
Which is NOT one of the three main components of the scientific attitude?
curiosity
skepticism
humility
industriousness
Which is NOT true of case studies?
they examine one individual in depth in hopes of revealing things true of all
an important principle of case studies is that the plural of anecdote is evidence
individual cases can suggest fruitful ideas
what's true of all of us can be glimpsed in any one of us, but to discern the general treats that cover individual cases, we must answer questions with other research methods (besides case studies)
When asked, "Should your college allow speeches on campus that might incite violence?", 72.72% of people choose yes. However, when the same population was asked, "“Should your college forbid speeches on campus that might incite violence?”, 85.71% responded "no". Although the two questions are essentially the same, the results varied dramatically. This phenomenon is referred to as _______________.
dynamic shift
wording effect
negative wording avoidance
positive wording attraction
Which is NOT true of random sampling?
It's the best method for getting an accurate picture of a whole population's attitude and experience.
The best basis for generalizing is from a representative sample of cases.
You can compensate for an unrepresentative sample by adding more people.
A small representative sample of 100 is better than an unrepresentative sample of 500.
Which best represents the position of many deeply religious people who participated in the scientific revolution?
Trick question: Deeply religious people refused to participate in the scientific revolution.
Studying science led them away from their faith.
Part of loving and honoring God includes taking the time to appreciate and understand His creations.
When something in our scientific study seems to contradict our faith, it is best to ignore it completely.
Check both the definition and an example of naturalistic observation.
research done in the wild
a researcher watches from behind one way glass while a parent and a child interact during a board game
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
a researcher sends a realistic robot dog to interact with a pack of wild dogs to see if the pack will accept the robot dog
in an experiment, the group that is NOT exposed to the treatment
(a)
the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations
(a)
the experimental factor that is manipulated
(a)
an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participant have received the treatment or the placebo
(a)
in an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
(a)
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
(a)
the perception of a relationship where none exists
(a)
a statement of the procedures used to define research variables
(a)
experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on Behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent
(a)
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
(a)
a nerve cell
(a)
neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
(a)
neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
(a)
the "speaking" part of the cell, the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
(a)
the "listening" part of the cell, the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
(a)
Check the definition of neurotransmitters and any CORRECT examples
Dopamine: influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
chemical Messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine system, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
Serotonin: enables muscle action, learning and memory,
The endocrine system and the nervous system are closed relatives; both produce molecules that act on receptors. Like many relatives they also differ. The speedy ___________ zips messages from eyes to brain to hand in a fraction of a second. ___________messages trudge along in the blood stream, taking several seconds or more to travel from the gland to the target tissue.
endocrine, nervous system
nervous system, endocrine
system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
peripheral nervous system
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
the part of the peripheral system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs such as the heart
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles (voluntarily controlled)
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; it is responsible for automatic survival functions
brain stem
medulla
reticular formation
thalamus
the base of the brain stem; controls heartbeat and breathing
medulla
reticular formation
cerebellum
thalamus
a nerve network in the brain stem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
medulla
reticular formation
thalamus
cerebellum
the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brain stem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
brain stem
reticular formation
thalamus
hypothalamus
the "little brain" at the rear of the brain stem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
cerebellum
thalamus
reticular formation
corpus callosum
a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system by the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
thalamus
hypothalamus
corpus callaosum
amygdala
this part of your brain is linked to emotion--including rage a and fear
(a)
Check both the definition of neural plasticity and any examples
the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new Pathways based on experience
a six-year-old child had the entire left side of her brain removed; however, she was able to function mostly normally
a stroke victim, a surgeon his 50s, was put to work cleaning tables, with his good arm and hand restrained. Slowly, the bad arm recovered it skills. As the damage brain functions migrated to other brain regions, he gradually learn to write again even to play tennis.
one newborn who suffered damage to the facial recognition areas on both temporal lobes never regained a normal ability to recognize faces
the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
(a)
A stunning demonstration of some level of conscious appear in the brains scans of a non-communicative patient. When researchers asked her to imagine playing tennis or moving around her home, fMRI scans revealed brain activity like that of healthy volunteers. As she imagined playing tennis, for example, and area of her brain controlling arm and leg movements became active.
True
False
Check all the proposed functions of dreams.
to file away memories
to satisfy our own wishes
to develop and preserve neural pathways
to make sense of neural static
to reflect cognitive development
Which sleep disorder is incorrectly defined?
insomnia: recurring problems in falling or staying alseep
narcolepsy: when the brain fails to paralyze the body as normal causing the person to act out their dreams
sleep apnea: a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessation of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary Awakenings
night terrors: a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
Check all the risks of sleep deprivation.
obesity or weight gain
decreased neural function including decreased ability to focus, loss of creativity, ability to preform tasks, and access memory
lowers immune system
irritability
alters metabolic and hormonal functioning in ways that mimic aging
Check the ways sleep benefits your cognitive function.
helps restore and repair brain tissue
helps make memories
feeds creative Memories
__________, according to Freud, is the remembered story line of a dream, as distinct from _____________, which is the underlying meaning of the dream.
Latent content, manifest content
Manifest content, latent content
psychological dependence
a need to use a drug for controlling or evoking emotions
need for a drug marked by an unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
physical dependence
reliance on a drug to control or evoke emotions
need for a drug marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring a user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's affect
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
withdrawal
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring a user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's affect
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
stimulants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
hallucinogens
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Check all the true statements stemming from twin and adoption studies.
Separated identical twins are more likely to share personality traits then are separated fraternal twins, suggesting that genes play an important role in personality.
Adopted children share more personality traits with their biological parents than with their adoptive parents, proving that adoption does little to improve the life of a child.
Two adopted children reared in the same home are no more likely to share personality traits with each other than with a child down the block.
Studies done on identical twins suggest that there is a genetic component that contributes to issue such as divorce.
Check all the benefits of adoption.
Due to the screening process required for adoption, child neglect, abuse, and even parental divorce are rare in adoptive homes.
As children of self-giving parents, they grow up to be more self giving an altruistic than average.
Many adopted children score higher than their biological parents on intelligence tests, and most grow into happier and more stable adults.
Adopted children have a slightly higher risk of psychological disorder.
Check all the true statements regarding heritability.
It describes the extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to their differing genes.
If the heritability of a trait ,say intelligence, is 50%, this means that your intelligence is 50% genetic.
Heritability refers to the extent to which differences among people are attributable to genes.
Heritability increases as environments become more similar
the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
(a)
Do you remember what breeders did through selective breeding?
Yes.
No.
Check all the examples of how environment can shape brain development.
Rats living in an enriched environment develop a heavier, thicker brain cortex than those living in a impoverished environment.
"Handled" infants develop faster neurologically than negelected ones.
Lacking any exposure to language before adolescence, a person will never master any language.
String musicians who started playing before before age 12 have larger and more complex neural circuit controlling the note making left hand fingers then do string musicians whose training started later
As of this moment, if you had to name three things our shared brain architecture predisposes us to and three things that all humans have in common with we live in the the Arctic or the tropics, would you be able to do it?
Yes.
No.
Check both the definition and any examples of cultural norms.
understood rule for accepted and expected behavior, prescribes 'proper" behavior
Many South Asians use only the right hand's fingers for eating.
Most people from Britain will wait in line in an orderly fashion.
Before covid, Americans would usually greet each other by shaking hands.
___________________gives priority to one's own goals over group goals and defines one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. ____________gives priority two goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defines one's identity accordingly
Collectivism; Individualism
Individualism; Collectivism
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished is known as the (a) .
