WorksheetsGenetics Unit Test Review
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 28mins
A scientist is doing an experiment to identify different molecules. Some components of these molecules are listed in this table.
Which of the four molecules is DNA, based on the table?
Molecule 1
Molecule 2
Molecule 3
Molecule 4
The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different ______________.
phosphates
uracil
bases
sugar
In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
cytoplasm
ribosome
nucleus
vacuole
Use the diagram AND your knowledge of biology to answer this question.
Structures 3 and 4 are held together by...
weak peptide bonds
weak hydrogen bonds
strong hydrogen bonds
strong covalent bonds
A portion of this DNA, known as a(n) ________, is responsible for the inheritance of a trait, like eye color or blood type in humans.
gene
allele
chromosome
nucleotide
The cellular process of creating two new DNA molecules from one original copy is called replication. Which statement is the BEST description of this process?
RNA opens up the DNA and uses each strand as a template for a new strand.
DNA opens up and each strand is used as a template for a new strand.
DNA opens up and RNA copies it.
DNA opens up and completely unwinds to make two new molecules.
The diagram shown here represents a portion of a nucleic acid molecule.
The part indicated by the arrow could be...
adenine
uracil
phosphate
deoxyribose
Before a cell can divide, it must copy its DNA one ___________ at a time in a process called DNA replication.
chromosome
nucleotide
sugar
gene
Which of the following statements about the leading strand is true?
It is synthesized discontinuously and uses 1 RNA primer.
It is synthesized continuously and uses multiple RNA primers.
It is synthesized discontinuously and uses multiple RNA primers.
It is synthesized continuously and uses 1 RNA primer.
Match the part of the nucleotide pictured below with the correct name.
A=phosphate
B=nitrogen base
C=sugar
A=phosphate
B=sugar
C=nitrogen base
A=sugar
B=phosphate
C=nitrogen base
A=nitrogen base
B=sugar
C=phosphate
Which is the correct answer to fill in box A?
A U C G
A U T G
A T C G
A T U C
Which is the correct answer to fill in box B in the table?
A U C G
A T C G
A U T G
A U T C
Which answer correctly fills in box C in the table?
ribose
carbohydrate
glucose
deoxyribose
Which answer correctly fills in box D in the table?
ribose
carbohydrate
glucose
deoxyribose
What answer correctly fills in boxes E and F in the table?
nucleotide; nucleotide
double helix; single strand
nucleotide; single strand
double helix; nucleotide
Which answer choice is the correct REPLICATION of the DNA strand below?
3' A T C T T G C A A A G G C T 5'
T A G A A C G T T T C C G A
A T C T T G C A A A G G C T
U A G A A C G U U U C C G A
T A C A A C G T T T C C G T
Match the term to the correct description.
pyrimidines= A&C
purines= T&G
Chargaff's rule= A bonds with T & C bonds with G
pyrimidines=A&G
purines=C&T
Chargaff's rule= A with T & C with G
pyrimidines=C&T
purines=A&G
Chargaff's rule= A with T & C with G
pyrimidines=C&T
purines=A&G
Chargaff's rule= A with G & C with T
Why is DNA replication said to be "semi-conservative"?
the end result is half old and half new DNA strands
the DNA is doubled
the DNA strand is exactly the same as the original strand of DNA
some of the original DNA is lost when the new DNA strand is created
Which matches the enzyme to its function correctly.
Helicase=unzips DNA
DNA Polymerase= Brings complementary DNA
Ligase= seals up DNA
Helicase=seals up DNA
DNA Polymerase= Brings complementary DNA
Ligase= unzips DNA
Primase= Brings in RNA primers
DNA Polymerase= unzips DNA
Ligase= seals up DNA
Primase= Brings in RNA primers
Helicase= unzips DNA
Ligase= Brings in complementary DNA
Which matches the enzyme to its function correctly.
Helicase=unzips DNA
DNA Polymerase= Brings complementary DNA
Ligase= seals up DNA
Helicase=seals up DNA
DNA Polymerase= Brings complementary DNA
Ligase= unzips DNA
Primase= Brings in RNA primers
DNA Polymerase= unzips DNA
Ligase= seals up DNA
Primase= Brings in RNA primers
Helicase= unzips DNA
Ligase= Brings in complementary DNA
The molecule copied directly from DNA is represented by number ________ in the picture.
1
2
3
4
What is an example of a molecule produced by the process shown?
glucose
polypeptide
fatty acid
glycogen
Structure number 2, in the picture, represents a _____________.
rRNA
ribosome
tRNA
mRNA
The bond represented by number 5, in the picture, is a ____ bond.
peptide
hydrogen
covalent
ionic
In humans, where does transcription take place?
ribosome
Rough ER
cytoplasm
nucleus
Which statement below BEST summarizes the role of DNA in cells?
It protects cells from infection.
It guides cell division.
It regulates chemical processes that provide the cell with energy.
It provides the instructions for making proteins.
During transcription, what does mRNA do?
It delivers DNAʼs instructions for making proteins.
It strings together two complementary RNA strands.
It strings together two complementary DNA strands.
It constructs proteins out of amino acids.
Which of the following is an accurate description of the processes used to turn the DNA code of a gene into a protein?
Ribosomes go into the nucleus to read off the genes in the DNA.
Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching messenger RNA codons.
Transfer RNA molecules carry the messenger RNA to the ribosome.
It takes one DNA base to code for three amino acids in a protein.
The sequence of ________________ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced.
proteins
sugars
nucleotides
lipids
What is the central dogma of genetics / biology?
the process of mitosis
the process of meiosis
the process of protein synthesis (DNA to RNA to protein)
the process of DNA replication
Use the DNA strand below & the genetic code pictured to TRANSCRIBE and then TRANSLATE it into a protein. **You can do your
transcribing and translating on lined paper.
A T A T A C T T T G C G A T G G C T A T T C A G A C T
Met - Ser - Arg - Tyr - Arg - stop
Met- Arg - Arg - Lys - Tyr - stop
Met - Lys - Arg -Tyr - Arg - stop
Met- Cys- Arg- Val- Tyr- stop
What might happen if the mRNA is mutated during transcription?
it may result in a genetic mutation
it may result in too many proteins being made
it may result in the wrong protein being made
it may result in death
tRNA brings amino acids to the...
ribosome
smooth ER
cytoplasm
nucleus
tRNA has...
codons
genes
proteins
anti codons
tRNA transfers amino acids during...
translation
meiosis
transcription
replication
The step of protein synthesis that occurs in the cytoplasm is...
translation
transcription
replication
meiosis
If the mRNA strand has the codon “AUG” what two things (be specific) would you expect to find on the corresponding tRNA?
the amino acid Ser and the anticodon UAC
the amino acid Meth and the anticodon AUG
the amino acid Meth and the anticodon UAC
the amino acid Ser and the anticodon AUG
Why is RNA polymerase important for the cell?
it act like a taxis to pick up and drop off the amino acids that match with each codon
it interprets the RNA message into a polypeptide to make a protein.
It brings complementary RNA base pairs when making mRNA during transcription so that the instructions can be carried out
of the nucleus
it is a chain of amino acids; can bind to others and fold into a protein
What is epigenetics?
it adds a chromosome
it changes the actual DNA
it reads the DNA for errors
it changes how the DNA sequence gets expressed
What are mutations?
they replicate the DNA
they read for the errors in the DNA strand
they are actual changes to the DNA
they change how the DNA sequence gets expressed
Which describes the process of translation?
2 strands of DNA are created with a leading strand being formed continuously while a lagging strand is made in fragments that have to be sealed back together
Helicase unzips the DNA, the primase sets the RNA primer, the DNA polymerase places complementary base pairs, and the
ligase seals up the DNA
the mRNA attaches to a ribosome, the tRNA matches with anticodons, amino acids string together with peptide bonds, stop
codon is reached and a protein is made
RNA polymerase bonds to the DNA, unzipping DNA and then mRNA nitrogen bases pair with the DNA base pairs, the mRNA
gets the instructions from the DNA and then unbinds from the DNA and then leaves the nucleus
Which matches the letters in the table to the information that correctly fills that box.
A=mRNA
B=tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
C=ribosome
A=tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
B=mRNA
C=nucleus
A=mRNA
B=tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
C=nucleus
A=tRNA, mRNA
B=mRNA, rRNA
C=ribosome
Which matches the letter in the table to the information that correctly fills in that box?
D=ribosome
E=mRNA
F=polypeptide
D=nucleus
E=mRNA
F=polypeptide
D=ribosome
E=polypeptide
F=mRNA
D=nucleus
E=polypeptide
F=mRNA
Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother and one from your father) are called...
homologous chromosomes
sex chromosomes
sister chromatids
homologous alleles
Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis?
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Sister chromatids separate
Cytoplasm divides
Homologous chromosome pairs separate
Which cells are NOT formed during meiosis?
sex cells
sperm cells
somatic cells
gametes
A sperm cell of an octopus has 14 chromosomes. What is the total number of chromosomes that should be present in a stomach cell of the same octopus?
7
46
28
14
Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?
half as many
1/4 as many
the same number
twice as many
Both male and female gametes are created during the process of meiosis. The formation of male gametes or sperm is called spermatogenesis. After telophase II of spermatogenesis, there would be __________ male gametes created that are all genetically __________.
4; unique
2; identical
2; unique
4; identical
In which phase of meiosis would certain gene segments of the homologous pairs of chromosomes "crossover" and exchange genetic information?
Anaphase 1
Metaphase 1
Prophase 1
Telophase 1
Somatic cells in humans contain ____ chromosomes and an example is ______
46; liver cells
46; sperm cells
23; heart cells
30; skin cells
Which event takes place during metaphase I of meiosis?
sister chromatids line up in middle of cell
homologous chromosome pairs line up in middle of cell
nuclear membrane breaks down
cytoplasm divides
Which has the correct label for the letters in the picture?
A= homologous chromosomes
B=haploid
C=diploid
D=sister chromatid
A=sister chromatid
B=homologous chromosomes
C=diploid
D=haploid
A=sister chromatid
B=haploid
C=diploid
D=homologous chromosomes
A= homologous chromosomes
B=sister chromatid
C=diploid
D=haploid
Which matches the letters in the table to the answer that correctly fills them? **Be able to fill in all boxes for the test!
A=growth & Repair
F=make cells with 1/2 the DNA for babies
B=sex cells (gametes)
G=somatic cells
C=diploid
H=haploid
D=throughout life
I= before you are born
Which is the correct order of the following list from smallest to largest.
1. Chromosome
2. DNA nucleotide
3. Codon
4. Gene
1-2-3-4
4-3-2-1
2-3-4-1
3-4-2-1
