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APES Chapter 5

Total questions: 92

Worksheet time: 9hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The number of species in a given area is known as:
a)
biodiversity
b)
species evenness
c)
species richness
d)
variability
2.
The relative proportion of individuals within different species in a given area is:
a)
biodiversity
b)
species richness
c)
species evenness
d)
probability
3.
A branching pattern of evolutionary relationships is called:
a)
family tree
b)
phylogeny
c)
pedigree
d)
timeline
4.
A change in gene frequency within a population from one generation to the next at the species level is known as:
a)
microevolution
b)
macroevolution
c)
natural selection
d)
mutation
5.
A major evolutionary change that applies mainly to the evolution of whole taxonomic groups over long periods of time above the species level is called:
a)
natural selection
b)
genetic drift
c)
macroevolution
d)
microevolution
6.
The process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind, is called:
a)
macroevolution
b)
random mating
c)
artificial selection
d)
natural selection
7.
The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce is called:
a)
environmental selection
b)
selective pressure
c)
artificial selection
d)
natural selection
8.
An individual’s ability to survive and reproduce is called its:
a)
longevity
b)
fitness
c)
capability
d)
adaptability
9.
A trait that improves an individual’s fitness is known as:
a)
a mutation
b)
an adaptation
c)
a gym membership
d)
none of these
10.
A random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process is known as:
a)
a mutation
b)
an adaptation
c)
a codon
d)
a mistake
11.
The process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations is known as:
a)
genetic drift
b)
gene flow
c)
migration
d)
integration
12.
A change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating is called:
a)
genetic drift
b)
gene flow
c)
random mating
d)
evolution
13.
A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size is called:
a)
a bottleneck effect
b)
the founder effect
c)
genetic drift
d)
mutation
14.
Death of the last member of a species is called:
a)
founder effect
b)
selective breeding
c)
extinction
d)
endangering
15.
A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals is called:
a)
founder effect
b)
bottleneck
c)
genetic drift
d)
gene flow
16.
The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation is called:
a)
allopatric
b)
parapatric
c)
sympatric
d)
ectopatric
17.
The evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation, is called:
a)
allopatric speciation
b)
sympatric speciation
c)
parapatric speciation
d)
none of these
18.
physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species is called:
a)
sympatric speciation
b)
geographic isolation
c)
externality
d)
random mating
19.
The result of two populations within a species evolving separately to the point that they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring is called:
a)
allopatric speciation
b)
geographic isolation
c)
reproductive isolation
d)
none of these
20.
The specific role an organism plays in its environment is called its:
a)
habitat
b)
niche
c)
occlusion
d)
involvement
21.
A species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions is called a:
a)
generalist
b)
specialist
c)
fundamentalist
d)
none of these
22.
An example of a specialist would be a:
a)
cockroach
b)
human
c)
panda bear
d)
mouse
23.
A large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time is called: 
a)
time shift
b)
mutation event
c)
mass extinction
d)
end-of-times
24.
Two savanna communities both contain 15 plant species. In community A, each of the 15 species is represented by 20 individuals. In community B, 10 of the species are each represented by 12 individuals; the remaining 5 species are each represented by 3 individuals. Which statement best describes the two communities?
a)
Community A has the same biodiversity as community B
b)
Both communities have the same species evenness
c)
Community B has a higher species richness
d)
Community A has higher species evenness
25.
a phenotype is
a)
an adaptation that creates a new species
b)
the genes of a particular individual
c)
a result of genetic recombination
d)
the set of traits expressed in an individual
26.
Which of the following processes create genetic diversity in a population
  I. mutation
 II. Allele division
III. recombination
a)
I only
b)
I and II only
c)
I and III only
d)
II and III only
27.
Evolved resistance to a pesticide is an example of
a)
a nonadaptive process
b)
a bottleneck effect
c)
natural selection
d)
artificial selection
28.
Which is the best definition of an adaptation?
a)
a mutation that creates a new species
b)
a trait that improves an individual's fitness
c)
a trait that is passed on to the next generation
d)
a trait that has no effect on an individual's fitness
29.
The change in the genetic composition of a population over time due to random mating is called
a)
the bottleneck effect
b)
gene flow
c)
genetic drift
d)
mutation
30.
Which of the following contribute to allopatric speciation?
  I. Genetic convergence over time
 II. geographic isolation
III. reproductive isolation
a)
I and II only
b)
I and III only
c)
II only
d)
II and III only
31.
which of the following is often a cause of sympatric speciation?
a)
polyploidy
b)
geographic separation
c)
macroevolution
d)
artificial selection
32.
which of the following would cause the most rapid evolution?
a)
environmental change
b)
artificial selection
c)
geographic isolation
d)
recombination
33.
the abiotic conditions under which a species can survive and reproduce is called its 
a)
range of tolerance
b)
realized niche
c)
fundamental niche
d)
range of persistance
34.
Which would be expected for a niche specialist?
a)
a large distribution
b)
many food sources
c)
a narrow fundamental niche
d)
n differnece between its realized and fundamental niche
35.
Which of the following will NOT effect the distribution of a species?
a)
a localized disease
b)
climate change
c)
a change in the distribution of the species' food
d)
a new food source outside its range of tolerance
36.
How many species are estimated to exist on Earth?
a)
2 million
b)
8 million
c)
10 million
d)
100 million
37.
In a particular zoo the population of spider monkeys has a higher proportion of individuals with light golden brown fur than spider monkeys in the wild. if the monkeys were recently captured from the wild and if fur color is largely determined by genetics, what evolutionary process is at work?
a)
the founder effect
b)
the bottleneck effect
c)
microevolution
d)
artificial selection
38.

What is the best explanation for why tropical regions normally receive more precipitation than other areas of the globe?

a)

Increased heating increases local evaporation.

b)

Tropical regions are surrounded by oceans.

c)

The prevailing winds bring more rain.

d)

Convectional cells bring more rain.

e)

Warm ocean currents bring more precipitation.

39.

Loblolly pine requires a minimum temperature to grow and thrive. Under current conditions, it is common in the southeastern region of the US. If average temperatures increase throughout the US, how would you expect the distribution of the loblolly pine to change?

a)

No Change

b)

Spread south

c)

Spread north

d)

Spread east

40.

Phylogeny is

a)

the number of evolutionarily related species in an ecosystem

b)

the study of morphological traits

c)

the branching pattern of evolutionary relationships

d)

the genetic biodiversity of a species

41.

The traits that are physically expressed by an organism are known as the organisms

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

genes

d)

incomplete dominance

42.

The process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind is known as

a)

natural selection

b)

macroevolution

c)

artificial selection

d)

fitness

43.

An individuals ability to survive and reproduce is known as

a)

fitness

b)

adaptation

c)

gene flow

d)

phenotype

44.

The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce is known as

a)

artificial selection

b)

natural selection

c)

adaptation

d)

gene flow

45.

The yellow perch is a fish that breeds in spring. A single female can produce up to 40,000 eggs at a time. This species is an example of which of the key ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

a)

Different phenotypes have different abilities to survive and reproduce.

b)

Individuals vary in their phenotypes

c)

Humans select predetermined traits

d)

Individuals produce an excess of offspring

46.

A species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species is called a

a)

niche specialist

b)

niche generalist

c)

realized niche

d)

herbivore

47.

A niche generalist can survive under a _________ range of abiotic or biotic conditions

a)

narrow

b)

wide

48.

Which statement describes an example of artificial selection?

a)

Cichilids have diversified into nearly 200 species in Lake Tanganyika

b)

Thoroughbred racehorses have been bred for speed.

c)

Dawin's finches have beaks adapted to eating different foods.

d)

Ostriches have lost the ability to fly, but can still peer into your soul

49.

Which of the following is a benefit of genetically modified plant?

a)

They are more resistant to pests

b)

They offer higher yields

c)

Both of the above

d)

None of they above

50.
A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
temporal isolation 
c)
gametic isolation
d)
geographic isolation 
51.
Process where new species diverge in the same geographical area due to different selection pressures
a)
Evolution
b)
Sympatric speciation
c)
Polyploidy
d)
Allopatric speciation
52.
Two savanna communities both contain 15 plant species. In community A, each of the 15 species is represented by 20 individuals. In community B, 10 of the species are each represented by 12 individuals; the remaining 5 species are each represented by 3 individuals. Which statement best describes the two communities?
a)
Community A has the same biodiversity as community B
b)
Both communities have the same species evenness
c)
Community B has a higher species richness
d)
Community A has higher species evenness
53.
Phylogeny is
a)
the number of evolutionarily related species in an ecosystem
b)
the study of morphological traits
c)
the branching patterns of evolutionary relationships
d)
the process of evolution that creates new species
54.
Which of the following is used to calculate Shannon's index of diversity?
  I. the proportion of individuals in each species
 II. the total number of species
III. the number of individuals in each species
a)
I only
b)
I and II only
c)
II only
d)
II and III only
55.
Which evolutionary effect results in reduced genetic variation in a community
a)
natural selection
b)
the founder effect
c)
artificial selection 
d)
gene flow
56.
a phenotype is
a)
an adaptation that creates a new species
b)
the genes of a particular individual
c)
a result of genetic recombination
d)
the set of traits expressed in an individual
57.
Which of the following processes create genetic diversity in a population
  I. mutation
 II. Allele division
III. recombination
a)
I only
b)
I and II only
c)
I and III only
d)
II and III only
58.
Evolved resistance to a pesticide is an example of
a)
a nonadaptive process
b)
a bottleneck effect
c)
natural selection
d)
artificial selection
59.
Which is the best definition of an adaptation?
a)
a mutation that creates a new species
b)
a trait that improves an individual's fitness
c)
a trait that is passed on to the next generation
d)
a trait that has no effect on an individual's fitness
60.
The change in the genetic composition of a population over time due to random mating is called
a)
the bottleneck effect
b)
gene flow
c)
genetic drift
d)
mutation
61.
Which of the following contribute to allopatric speciation?
  I. Genetic convergence over time
 II. geographic isolation
III. reproductive isolation
a)
I and II only
b)
I and III only
c)
II only
d)
II and III only
62.
which of the following is often a cause of sympatric speciation?
a)
polyploidy
b)
geographic separation
c)
macroevolution
d)
artificial selection
63.
which of the following would cause the most rapid evolution?
a)
environmental change
b)
artificial selection
c)
geographic isolation
d)
recombination
64.
the Bt-cotton is an example of
a)
evolution through geographic isolation
b)
evolution through polyploidy
c)
evolution through genetic modification
d)
evolution through natural selection
65.
the abiotic conditions under which a species can survive and reproduce is called its 
a)
range of tolerance
b)
realized niche
c)
fundamental niche
d)
range of persistance
66.
Which would be expected for a niche specialist?
a)
a large distribution
b)
many food sources
c)
a narrow fundamental niche
d)
n differnece between its realized and fundamental niche
67.
Which of the following will NOT effect the distribution of a species?
a)
a localized disease
b)
climate change
c)
a change in the distribution of the species' food
d)
a new food source outside its range of tolerance
68.
Which conditions do NOT define the fundamental niche of a species?
a)
humidity
b)
predators
c)
temperature
d)
salinity
69.
Which allows more rapid evolution?
a)
long generation times
b)
rapid environmental change
c)
large population sizes
d)
high genetic variation
70.
How many species are estimated to exist on Earth?
a)
2 million
b)
8 million
c)
10 million
d)
100 million
71.
In a particular zoo the population of spider monkeys has a higher proportion of individuals with light golden brown fur than spider monkeys in the wild. if the monkeys were recently captured from the wild and if fur color is largely determined by genetics, what evolutionary process is at work?
a)
the founder effect
b)
the bottleneck effect
c)
microevolution
d)
artificial selection
72.

Over time, animals may change behavior or physical appearance in response to changes in the environment. What is this called?

a)

resistance

b)

genetic change

c)

adaptation

d)

genetic variation

73.

Many insects can adapt very quickly to insecticides because :

a)

the insects' genetic structure is stable

b)

the insects' generation time is short

c)

the insects' form separate species

d)

they form a hard skeleton

74.

What do we call the process by which populations change over time?

a)

evolution

b)

speciation

c)

selective breeding

d)

adaptation

75.

Scientists compare organisms' DNA to support the theory that all species share a common:

a)

environment

b)

separation

c)

population

d)

ancestor

76.
Remains of ancient organisms are called
a)
Extinctions
b)
Fossils
c)
Mutations
d)
Variations
77.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
78.
Darwin referred to this as survival of the fittest. Over time, it results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population because organisms with adaptations that make them fit for their environment will survive and reproduce better than those without favorable traits.
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Genetic Variation
c)
Survival of the Fittest
79.
The white feathers of a snowy owl allow it to blend in with its environment during the winter months (snow). This is an example of ________________
a)
Species
b)
Environmental Change
c)
Adaptation
d)
Variation
80.
When an organism completely dies out, it is called.....
a)
Adaption
b)
Extinction
c)
Fossilization
d)
Mutation
81.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
82.

A characterstic that can be passed from parent to offspring through genes is called:

a)

resistance

b)

sediment

c)

trait

d)

genetic change

83.

What process often begins by a portion of a population becoming physically or geographically separated?

a)

speciation

b)

selective breeding

c)

genetic change

d)

resistance

84.

What evidence of natural selection is available today that was not available to Darwin?

a)

There is great variation among organisms

b)

organisms inherit traits

c)

differences in genes create variation

d)

humans can breed organisms for specific traits

85.

A turtle will lay 100 eggs, knowing only a few will survive. This is called:

a)

division

b)

genetic change

c)

speciation

d)

overproduction

86.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
87.
What is a species? 
a)
A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring. 
b)
A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring even if those offspring are infertile.
c)
A group of organisms that genetically are very different from each other. 
d)
Indivual organisms that live in the same environment. 
88.

A new river forms and splits two populations, causing ______________ speciation

a)

Sympatric

b)

Allopatric

c)

Extreme

d)

Convergent

89.

The emergence of a mountain range is an event that would lead to _______________ speciation

a)

Allopatric

b)

Sympatric

c)

Temporal

d)

Behavioral

90.

When the Grand Canyon in Arizona formed, two populations of one squirrel species were separated by the giant canyon. This is an example of _____________ speciation.

a)

Allopatric

b)

Sympatric

c)

Simple

d)

Divergent

91.

The evolutionary process where a new species arise is called _____

a)

artificial selection

b)

genetic variation

c)

natural selection

d)

speciation

92.

Which among the evidences of evolution is portrayed in the image?

The evolution of the HAND (top row) and FOOT (bottom row), as revealed in skeletal structure.

A, a primitive reptile;

B, C, mammal-like reptiles;

D, a lemur, representing a primitive mammalian type;

E, man.

a)

biochemical evidence

b)

comparative anatomy

c)

fossil records

d)

observable events

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