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WorksheetsBiology Spring 2022 Final Review
Total questions: 95
Worksheet time: 2hrs 35mins
The 10% rule refers to the rule that...
10 percent of the energy in one trophic level is available to organisms in the next trophic level
Carnivores that eat Secondary Consumers 10% of the time
The feeding levels in a food chain
Organisms that eat producers lost 10% of their body mass
An animal that gets energy by eating both plants and other animals
Omnivore
Herbivore
Carnivore
Detritivore
An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms
Consumer
Producer
Autotroph
Decomposer
True/False: If autotrophs were destroyed, it would not have as great of an effect on the food web because heterotrophs would have more food for themselves.
True
False
Which of the following is FALSE?
Organisms are dependent on one another
A population can never reach a carrying capacity
Earth is a closed system with respect to matter
Carbon and nitrogen are cycled in and out of the atmosphere
Organisms within an ecosystem rely on the cycling of _____________ in order to survive.
Carbon dioxide
Nitrate
Matter
Energy
True/False: No matter what the ecosystem, at the bottom of the food chain there must always be autotrophs.
True
False
Microorganisms, particularly _____________, are the key players in transforming nitrogen into biologically useful forms.
Shrimp
Algae
Human
Bacteria
Carbon in CO2 is converted into biomolecules in ______________, and carbon from biomolecules is released as CO2 by all organisms in _______________.
Decomposition, combustion
Combustion, decomposition
Photosynthesis, cellular respiration
Cellular respiration, photosynthesis
Why is the sun required for an ecosystem to survive?
The sun performs photosynthesis to give plants and animals oxygen
Energy cannot be recycled in the same form as matter, so it needs to be constantly supplied
The sun is not required because we can survive at nighttime
It is one of the 8 characteristics of life
What statement is most true about MATTER in the ecosphere?
It must be continuously supplied from the outside
It is constantly being cycled within the ecosphere by the inputs and outputs of each organism
It is cycled within the ecosphere, but organisms aren’t involved - it’s only from the environment
It is being cycled both in and out of the ecosphere
Which process removes carbon from the atmosphere?
Combustion
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Decomposition
Which statement best reflects what would most likely happen if shrimp were removed from the ecosphere?
Everything would die
Bacteria would experience an exponential increase in population
Bacteria and algae would both decrease, and the water would become dirty
Algae population would increase until it reaches its carrying capacity
The main processes involved in the natural cycling of carbon are:
Combustion and decomposition
Decomposition and fermentation
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Photosynthesis and combustion
Which of the following statements is TRUE about energy in an ecosystem?
Energy can be recycled in the same way as matter
All energy disappears from the Earth when used, which is why we need the sun
Every 1 pound an organism consumes creates about 10 pounds of biomass for the next organism
About 10% of energy in living things is transferred to the next living thing when eaten
The energy provided by the sun is captured in the cells of this organism.
Algae
Shrimp
Bacteria
Water
This organism helps other organisms in multiple ways because of its outputs from cellular respiration and digestive waste.
Algae
Shrimp
Bacteria
Water
Which trophic level will contain plants?
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Which statement explains the most realistic way to model energy flow in an ecosystem?
A food chain is most realistic because many organisms eat one type of food, and energy moves through a single pathway
A food chain is most realistic because many organisms eat a variety of foods, and energy moves through different pathways
A food web is most realistic because many organisms eat one type of food, and energy moves through a single pathway
A food web is most realistic because many organisms eat a variety of foods, and energy moves through different pathways
An organism lives in the ocean and makes its own food. What trophic level does it belong to?
Producers
Decomposers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
An organism primarily feeds on dead grass. What trophic level is it part of?
Producers
Decomposers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Which human activity would most likely decrease the amount of carbon in the atmosphere?
Clearing forests
Heating coal
Burning wood
Planting trees
Which statement about nitrogen is FALSE?
Plants are the only organisms that need nitrogen
Nitrogen gas is abundant in our atmosphere
Some bacteria can convert nitrogen gas to usable nitrogen
Plants need nitrogen to make proteins
Nitrogen Fixation:
The process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is changed into a form that can be used by plants
The large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments
Life
The movement of nitrogen through living and nonliving things
What is a chromosome?
A pipe cleaner
What DNA is made up of
Genes and gametes
Tightly coiled DNA
True/False: Haploid cells carry half of the number of chromosomes from the parent cell.
True
False
Which is an example of a diploid cell?
Egg
Sperm
Zygote
Haploid
True/False: Chromosomes exchange portions of their genes (DNA) during crossing over.
True
False
Why is crossing over in meiosis significant for the population?
It produces greater genetic variation/diversity
It allows identical twins to form
It causes other species to go extinct
There is no significance
True/False: Chromosome number does not matter - each individual within a species can have a different number of chromosomes without any side effects.
True
False
If gametes are fertilized, then which of the following statements is true?
The zygotes turn into gametes
The zygote has a haploid number of chromosomes
The zygote has a complete set of chromosomes, one from each parent pair
The zygote is diploid, but with only chromosomes from one parent
If normal human cells have 46 chromosomes, then how many chromosomes do human gametes contain?
12
32
23
46
If chromosomes look the same, then they are considered:
Heterozygous
Homologous
Diploid
DNA
What is the final result of meiosis?
The formation of 4 gametes with unique genetic combos
4 Non-sex cells are produced from gametes
The production of 4 zygotes that look like their parents
The formation of 4 chromosomes that break apart and share DNA
The ________________ has 1 of each chromosome from each parent - 1 from mom, and 1 from dad.
Egg
Sperm
Gamete
Zygote
When the egg and sperm meet, this is referred to as _____________.
Meiosis
Gamete
Fertilization
Crossing Over
In the evolution of species, meiosis is significant because it produces:
Nondisjunction
sperms and eggs that are identical
offspring identical to their parents
great variation in gametes
What are alleles?
Homologous pairs of chromosomes
Different versions of genes for the same trait
The exact same versions of genes for the same trait
None of these
Why are chromosomes different lengths?
Chromosomes are all the same length
They have the same exact genes
Chromosomes with more genes are longer in length
Only the sex chromosomes are short
Homologous chromosomes can have the same genes but different variations of the gene. What are these variations called?
Diploids
Haploids
Alleles
Zygotes
True/False: The chromosomes that get passed down to gametes is determined by random chance.
True
False
Random chance of a chromosome being passed down if referred to as…
Duplication
Independent assortment
Heterozygous
Gregor Mendel
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
genes are different versions of the same allele
alleles are different versions of the same gene
an allele is 2 different genes
they are the same thing
An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called
Homozygous
Dominant
Heterozygous
Recessive
White flowers need to have 2 copies of version 2 in order for that variation to show. What does this tell you about the white flower allele?
white flower allele is dominant
white flower allele is recessive
white flowers carry the allele for both purple and white variations
white flower allele is an incomplete dominant allele
A line of purebred round peas has 2 copies of _______________ versions of the gene - 1 copy from mom, 1 copy from dad.
the same
different
What is the genotype of individual 4 in the F1 generation?
WW
Ww
ww
WWww
2 individuals who have unattached earlobes (a dominant trait) have a child whose earlobes are attached (recessive). How is this possible?
Each parent had to be heterozygous dominant for unattached earlobes
Only 1 parent had to carry the allele for unattached earlobes
A mutation occurred in the child
It is not possible for this to happen
In x-linked inheritance, which of the following is true?
Both males and females can be carriers
Only males can be carriers
Only females can be carriers
Only males can be affected by x-linked traits
A red flower and white flower produced offspring, and the resulting offspring turned out all pink. This does not follow Mendel's patterns of inheritance. What could explain this phenomenon?
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Mutation
Sex-linked
In incomplete dominance, heterozygotes exhibit which of the following?
One allele
Both alleles simultaneously, blended together
Both alleles together, independently
No alleles
Could a man with type O blood and a woman with type AB blood produce a child with type O blood?
Yes, it is possible
No, it is not possible
An individual's ABO blood type is normally determined by:
Genetic inheritance and environmental influences during life
The inheritance of 1 of 3 possible alleles (A, B, or O) from each parent
Environmental influences alone
None of these
Two Heterozygous tall plants are crossed and produce both tall and short offspring. What is the phenotype ratio of tall:short plants?
3:1
1:3
2:2
1:2:1
Red-green colorblindness shows X-linked recessive inheritance. A woman with two affected brothers and non-affected parents is referred for genetic counseling. Which of the following is most likely correct?
Her son cannot be affected by the trait
Her father is colorblind
She and her mother are both carriers
A mutation occurred in the family
If the genotype of the purple flower is 1,2 then this means that the genotype is ________________.
Homozygous
Heterozygous
In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant (E), and white eyes are recessive (e). If the female fly has homozygous recessive eyes, then what is her genotype?
EE
Ee
ee
EEee
True/False: Sex-linked traits and incomplete dominance are part of Mendel's laws of inheritance.
True
False
In certain breeds of chickens, offspring can look very different from parents. The offspring of a fully black and fully white chicken could result in a black and white striped chicken. This is likely due to:
Codominance
Simple dominance
Incomplete dominance
Sex-linked
Sickle cell disease is a recessive disorder. A female with sickle cell disease and a heterozygous normal male have offspring. What percentage of their children will be carriers for sickle cell?
0%
25%
50%
75%
Sections of DNA that code for a trait
DNA
RNA
Gene
Chromosome
Tightly coiled DNA and proteins
DNA
RNA
Gene
Chromosome
True/False: The shape of DNA is a single helix.
True
False
The process of making an equal copy of another DNA strand:
DNA Transcription
DNA Replication
RNA Transcription
RNA Translation
The process of making mRNA from DNA
Replication
Translation
Transcription
Helicase
The process of making amino acids from mRNA
Replication
Translation
Transcription
Helicase
The 3 parts of a nucleotide
sugar, salt, pepper
nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon
adenine, guanine, cytosine
sugar, phosphate, base
DNA Replication is semi-conservative because
there is 1 old and 1 new copy of each DNA strand
Both strands are old
Both strands are new
a quarter of the DNA is saved
mRNA exits the _________________ and goes into the ________________ and attaches to a __________________ to make proteins
amino acids, protein, ribosome
protein, nucleus, amino acids
nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome
cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome
What are proteins made up of?
amino acids
nucleic acids
lipids
chicken
What is the function of a ribosome?
To make mRNA
To make proteins
To make DNA
To unzip DNA
How many bases make up a codon?
1
2
3
4
Why is it important to make mRNA? Why can’t we just use DNA alone to make proteins?
RNA is small enough to leave the nucleus
DNA is small enough to leave the nucleus
RNA stays in the nucleus
DNA needs to be unzipped by RNA
Which step is NOT a similarity in both replication and transcription?
both processes have an enzyme that unzips DNA
both processes have nucleotides that are added
nucleotides that are added
both process occur in the nucleus
both processes produce mRNA
Which nucleic acid has ribose sugar?
DNA
RNA
Which nucleic acid is double stranded?
DNA
RNA
Which nucleic acid is located in the cytoplasm?
DNA
RNA
True/False: Both DNA and RNA have the same phosphate group.
True
False
DNA Replication: Which is the compliment DNA strand for the following DNA strand? ATACCG
UAUGGC
TATGGC
TUTGCG
GCGTTA
True/False: Thymine exists in both DNA and RNA
True
False
What happens to mRNA once it leaves the nucleus?
it attaches to a lysosome to be recycled
it returns to the nucleus for DNA replication
it attaches to a ribosome where proteins are made
it attaches to the cytoplasm to add free-floating nucleotides to build a second mRNA strand
Which RNA bases are paired correctly?
A+U, G+C
A+G, C+U
A+T, G+C
A+C, G+T
True/False: All amino acids are coded by only 1 codon.
True
False
There are 64 codons that code for 20 amino acids. How is this possible?
There are multiple amino acids that code for the same codon
There must be mutations occurring
It is not possible
There are multiple codons that code for the same amino acid
Where are ribosomes located in the cell?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
DNA
RNA
What is the end product of transcription?
2 exact copies of DNA
An amino acid
An mRNA strand
A protein
True/False: The 3 types of RNA are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
True
False
What is a mutation?
Changes in none of the bases of DNA or RNA
An unknown species
When a DNA nucleotide sequence remains unaffected
Changes or mistakes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA
True/False: Mutations can occur in any type of cell.
True
False
True/False: Mutations always result in harmful consequences.
True
False
True/False: Mutations are never spontaneous - they are only caused by an environmental factor (mutagen).
True
False
If a gene is mutated, how does that affect the protein?
If the amino acid changes, then the entire protein structure/function changes
If the amino acid stays the same, then protein structure/function still changes since the base is different
If the amino acid changes, then it has no effect on the protein structure/function
Mutations have no effect on proteins ever
The following karyotype depicts an individual with Klinefelter Syndrome. We can conclude that this condition is caused by...
Nondisjunction - monosomy
Nondisjunction - trisomy
Inversion
Translocation
Consider the following mutation:
Original mRNA: UUACGA
Mutated mRNA: UUAGCGA
The mutated amino acid sequence would be…
Point
Frameshift
When 1 or more genes have added copies on a chromosome, this is referred to as…
Inversion
Translocation
Duplication
Deletion
