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Semester 1 final 2024-25

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 2hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is an observation?

a)

Something you measure or detect with your senses.

b)

The way you feel about something

c)

An educated guess

d)

A theory that has been disproved

2.

An inference is based on:

a)

both scientific observations and known facts

b)

known facts

c)

scientific observations

d)

a rumor you started in the bathroom

3.

What is the scientific method?

a)

A systematic procedure for how to conduct a scientific experiment

b)

The process of solving a problem

c)

A way of making non-scientific observations

d)

A way to summarize findings from multiple investigations

4.

Which of the following is NOT a testable question?

a)

How do rockets work?

b)

Does fertilizer help plants grow bigger?

c)

Does heart rate increase with exercise?

d)

Does the freezing point of water change at different elevations?

5.

What is a hypothesis?

a)

An educated prediction or answer to a testable question

b)

A random guess

c)

An observation based on feelings or emotions

d)
6.

What is the best way to collect and record data?

a)

In a data table

b)

On post-it notes

c)

On scrap paper

d)

interpretive dance

7.

An observation that is measurable and made with tools (such as a ruler or scale) is what type

a)

quantitative

b)

qualitative

c)

koalatative

8.

A series of steps designed to help you solve problems and answer questions is

a)

the scientific method

b)

results

c)

observations

d)

the two step

9.

After the data is analyzed the hypothesis is stated as correct or incorrect in the __________

a)

conclusion

b)

experiment

c)

hypothesis

d)

table of contents

10.

An educated guess in science is called a/an

a)

hypothesis

b)

procedure

c)

conclusion

d)

lucky

11.
When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?
a)
Continues to grow
b)
The population starts to die off to return to carrying capcity
c)
The population will go extinct due to lack of resources
d)
The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity
12.
In a forest ecosystem, which of the following is the best example of a limiting factor for a rabbit population?
a)
Squirrel Population
b)
Sunlight
c)
Grass available
13.
Which kind of growth does the human population follow? It is described as a J-shaped curve.
a)
Exponential Growth
b)
Logistic Growth
c)
Outstanding Growth
d)
Minimal Growth
14.
What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
sunlight
c)
water
d)
carbon
15.
Organisms that obtains its energy from abiotic sources, such as sunlight or inorganic chemicals
a)
Autotroph
b)
Heterotroph
c)
Omnivore
d)
Carnivore
16.
Study of interactions between organisms and their environment 
a)
niche
b)
community 
c)
ecology
d)
ecosystem
17.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in the producers gets passed to the herbivores?
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
90%
18.

How did Darwin contribute to the theory of evolution?

a)

stated that evolution occurred through natural selection

b)

stated that evolution caused mutation

c)

stated that evolution caused natural selection

d)

he was the first to describe evolution

19.

Which best describes the term evolution?

a)

Naturally occurring mutations

b)

inherited, genetic changes in organisms over time

c)

the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce

d)

random changes in a DNA sequence

20.

What did Darwin notice about the Finches in the Galapagos?

a)

the size and shape of beak was different depending on the food source of each island

b)

the size of finch was different depending on the habitat of each island

c)

the shape and size of beak was the same

d)

the size of finch was the same but the color was different

21.

Which best describes a cladogram?

a)

a diagram that shows how species share common features

b)

a diagram that shows the genetic similarities and differences between species

c)

a diagram that shows the differences between species

d)

a diagram that shows how living species are related and descended from a common ancestor

22.

Which of the following is not considered evidence for evolution?

a)

fossil record

b)

common ancestor

c)

embryological evidence

d)

homologous structures

23.

Which is not considered a mechanism for evolution?

a)

anatomical variation

b)

DNA mutation

c)

natural selection

d)

competitive advantage

24.

Which mammal are humans most closely related to?

a)

orangatang

b)

gorilla

c)

howler monkey

d)

chimpanzee

25.

According the the genomic project, our closest ancestor is the chimpanzee, what percentage of our genome is shared?

a)

90%

b)

99%

c)

95%

d)

98%

26.

Individuals undergo evolution.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection?

a)

People selectively breeding hamsters for size.

b)

Insect populations developing resistance to certain pesticides.

c)

Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.

d)

Male birds of certain species inheriting colorful feathers that are more attractive to females.

28.

The pelvic bone of whales is not needed for movement within the water. This is an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

29.

The forelimbs of mammals have similar anatomy because these groups descended from a recent common ancestor. Their bone structure is an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

30.

Many different groups of organisms have wings, even though they do not share a recent common ancestor. This is because they evolved in environments with similar selective pressures. Wings are an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

31.

Which is an example of a hypothesis?

a)

evolution

b)

a highly tested explanation

c)

If I put my bananas in the fridge, they will take longer to ripen.

32.
The fossil record provides evidence that 
a)
Fossils cannot be dated.
b)
All species were formed during Earth’s formation and have changed little since then.
c)
The fossilized species have no connection to today’s species.
d)
Older species gave rise to more-recent species.
33.
Individuals that are better able to cope with the challenges of their environment tend to  
a)
Decrease in population over time.
b)
Leave more offspring than those less suited to the environment.
c)
Leave fewer offspring than those less suited to the environment.
34.
Some willow trees alter the chemical composition of their leaves when attacked by caterpillars. Compared to normal leaves, the chemically altered leaves are less nutritious and more difficult for caterpillars to digest.
 Which of the following is a likely effect of this ability to alter leaf composition?
a)
Willow trees with this ability will attract more caterpillars than other willow trees.
b)
Willow trees with this ability have a survival advantage over other willow trees. 
c)
More butterflies will lay their eggs on willow trees with this ability than other willow trees. 
d)
None are correct
35.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
36.
Cladograms are constructed by grouping organisms together based on their____________ characteristics.
a)
shared
b)
different
c)
similar
d)
opposite
37.

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

a)

Fur

b)

Claws or nails

c)

Lungs

d)

Jaws

38.

According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the chimpanzee?

a)

salmon

b)

salamander

c)

lizard

d)

hamster

39.

Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers. Both species benefit.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

40.

Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

41.

Mistletoe extracts water and nutrient from the spruce tree it is attached to.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

42.
Example of a decomposer
a)
fungus
b)
mouse
c)
plants
d)
frogs
43.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
44.
Non-living factor that affects an ecosystem
a)
biotic factor
b)
abiotic factor
c)
food chain 
d)
biome
45.
The smallest unit of life. 
a)
Molecule
b)
Cell
c)
Bacteria
46.
What is an organelle?
a)
holds cell together
b)
brains of cell
c)
gives cell energy
d)
small structures that float in the cytoplasm; components of the cell
47.
The control center of the cell. It holds the organism's DNA.
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Nucleus
c)
Cytoplasm
48.
The fluid inside a cell.
a)
Nucleus
b)
Vacuole
c)
Cytoplasm
49.
The outside layer of a cell that controls what goes in and out of the cell.
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Cell membrane
c)
Vacoule
50.
This is where photosynthesis happens, using sunlight to onvert air and water into sugar. Gives plants a green color. 
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Cytoplasm
51.
A thick, strong layer that runs outside the membrane of a plant cell that provides extra support.
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Cell wall
52.
These parts are only found in a plant cell:
a)
Cell membrane and chloroplast
b)
Cell wall and chloroplast
c)
Cell wall and cytoplasm
53.

the powerhouse of the cell that turns food into energy

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

ribosome

c)

vacuole

d)

mitochondria

54.

small parts inside the cell membrane that have specific jobs are called

a)

vacuole

b)

nucleus

c)

organelles

d)

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

55.

Prokaryotic cells do not have…….

a)

membrane bound organelles

b)

cell membrane

c)

DNA or RNA

d)

life

56.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
57.

The role of the endoplasmic reticulum is ...

a)

make proteins

b)

store food and water

c)

protect the cell

d)

transportation of proteins and other materials to other organelles

58.

The role of the golgi body is to ....

a)

create ribosomes

b)

sort and package proteins

c)

transport proteins throughout the cell

d)

protect the cell

59.

CHALLENGE QUESTION: Which of the following provides evidence for the hypothesis that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes.

a)

prokaryotes are more complex

b)

prokaryotes have no nucleus and fewer genes

c)

eukaryotes are multicellular which makes them simpler

d)

prokaryotes grow into eukaryotes

60.

A model that shows all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level

a)

food web

b)

biomass

c)

trophic level

d)

autotrophs

61.

is an organism that captures energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce food

a)

Omnivores

b)

autotroph

c)

herbivore

d)

heterotroph

62.

Grasslands are characterized by low amounts of rainfall, few trees, and lots of grass. Which of the following would be the primary inhabitants of the grasslands?

a)

Tree-dwelling primates

b)

Thick-furred mammals

c)

Large herbivores

d)

Water-conserving plants

63.

Due to fairly constant rain and high temperatures, the vegetation in the rainforest is very dense.

Which of the following is an adaptation that helps plants win the battle for sunlight on the forest floor?

a)

Vines that climb trees

b)

Grasses that grow in clumps

c)

Leaves that are needle-like

d)

Trees that are cone-shaped

64.
Choose the correct order of organization from smallest to largest
a)
Species--> Population--> Community--> Ecosystem-->Biosphere
b)
Community--> Species--> Population--> Biosphere --> Ecosystem
c)
Ecosystem--> Community--> Species--> Population--> Biosphere 
d)
Population-->Species--> Community--> Ecosystem-->Biosphere
65.
What is the main factor that separates the biomes?
a)
Land
b)
Water
c)
Climate
d)
Longitude
66.

When HUMANS select or choose a plant or animal for breeding based on a desired trait

a)

natural selection

b)

artificial selection

67.
How do adaptations help animals?
a)
to hide from predators
b)
to hunt for food
c)
to survive in their habitats
d)
All of these are correct
68.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
69.
An example of a behavioral adaptation is
a)
The long neck of a giraffe
b)
Penguins huddling together for warmth
c)
A camel's hump used to store water
d)
A polar bear's white fur used for camouflage
70.

During drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving mostly large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists for several years, what should one expect to result from natural selection?

a)

Small birds gaining larger beaks by exercising their mouth parts.

b)

Small birds mutating their beak genes with the result that later-generation offspring have larger beaks.

c)

Small birds anticipating the long drought and eating more to gain weight and, consequently, growing larger beaks.

d)

More small-beaked birds dying than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks.

e)

Larger birds eating less so smaller birds can survive.

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