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WorksheetsEarthquake Review
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 44mins
An _________ is ground shaking caused by the sudden and rapid movement of rock slipping past another.
earthquake
faults
hypocenter
epicenter
seismic waves
Large fractures in the Earth’s crust are called:
earthquake
faults
hypocenter
epicenter
seismic waves
The location where rock slippage begins is called the ______.
earthquake
faults
hypocenter
epicenter
seismic waves
The point on Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter is called the _______.
earthquake
faults
hypocenter
epicenter
seismic waves
Large earthquakes release huge amounts of stored up energy as _________.
earthquake
faults
hypocenter
epicenter
seismic waves
The “springing back” of the rock during an earthquake is termed:
Elastic rebound
Aftershocks
Foreshocks
Megathrust fault
Fault creep
When convergence entails the subduction of oceanic lithosphere under another plate, the two plates form and extensive fault zone called a _________.
Elastic rebound
Aftershocks
Foreshocks
Megathrust fault
Fault creep
A slow, gradual displacement along a fault is known as a:
Elastic rebound
Aftershocks
Foreshocks
Megathrust fault
Fault creep
Adjustments following a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquakes called:
Elastic rebound
Aftershocks
Foreshocks
Megathrust fault
Fault creep
The study of earthquake waves is called:
Seismology
Seismometers (Seismographs)
Seismograms
S-Waves (Secondary waves)
P-Waves (Primary waves)
Instruments used to record earthquake waves are called:
Seismology
Seismometers (Seismographs)
Seismograms
S-Waves (Secondary waves)
P-Waves (Primary waves)
The records obtained from seismographs are called ______.
Seismology
Seismometers (Seismographs)
Seismograms
S-Waves (Secondary waves)
P-Waves (Primary waves)
Earthquake waves that travel through Earth’s interior are called:
Body waves
Seismometers (Seismographs)
Surface waves
S-Waves (Secondary waves)
P-Waves (Primary waves)
Earthquake waves that travel in the rock layers just below Earth's surface are called:
Body waves
Seismometers (Seismographs)
Surface waves
S-Waves (Secondary waves)
P-Waves (Primary waves)
Identify Item #1
Seismic waves
Fault
Hypocenter (Focus)
Epicenter
Identify Item #2
Seismic waves
Fault
Hypocenter (Focus)
Epicenter
Identify Item #3
Seismic waves
Fault
Hypocenter (Focus)
Epicenter
Identify Item #4
Seismic waves
Fault
Hypocenter (Focus)
Epicenter
An earthquake occurs because:
Rocks store potential energy and then release it as kinetic energy
Rocks store kinetic energy and then release it as potential energy
Rocks store constructive energy and then release it as destructive energy
Rocks store physical energy and then release it as wave energy
Most large earthquakes are the result of:
megathrusts or thrust faults
strike-slip faults
normal faults
transform faults
n
Which type of fault forms at convergent plate boundaries?
megathrust or thrust faults
normal faults
transform faults
strike-slip faults
Which type of wave cannot travel through liquids?
P-waves (Primary waves)
S-waves (Secondary waves)
Body waves
Sea waves
Surface waves
Which type of wave travels with a push/pull (compressional) motion?
P-waves (Primary waves)
S-waves (Secondary waves)
Body waves
Sea waves
Surface waves
Which type of wave causes the most damage?
P-waves (Primary waves)
S-waves (Secondary waves)
Body waves
Sea waves
Surface waves
Identify Item #1
P-wave (Primary wave)
S-wave (Secondary wave)
Body waves
surface waves
Identify Item #2
P-wave (Primary wave)
S-wave (Secondary wave)
Body waves
Surface waves
Identify Item #3
P-wave (Primary wave)
S-wave (Secondary wave)
Body waves
Surface waves
Identify Item #3
P-wave (Primary wave)
S-wave (Secondary wave)
Body waves
Surface waves
Identify Item #4
P-wave (Primary wave)
S-wave (Secondary wave)
Body waves
Surface waves
Which wave travels the fastest?
P-wave (Primary wave)
S-wave (Secondary wave)
Body waves
Surface waves
Identify the type of boundary associated with this fault:
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
Identify the boundary associated with this fault
Transform
Convergent
Divergent
Identify the boundary associated with this fault
Transform
Convergent
Divergent
Often smaller earthquakes called ___________ precede (come before) a major earthquake by days or sometimes years.
Elastic rebound
Aftershocks
Foreshocks
Megathrust fault
Fault creep
The type of body wave that travels the fastest by compression are called:
Seismology
Seismometers (Seismographs)
Seismograms
S-Waves (Secondary waves)
P-Waves (Primary waves)
Which wave travels the slowest?
P-wave (Primary wave)
S-wave (Secondary wave)
Body waves
Surface waves
The type of body wave that travels slower by moving at right angles to the direction of travel are called:
Seismology
Seismometers (Seismographs)
Seismograms
S-Waves (Secondary waves)
P-Waves (Primary waves)
Which of the following is not required to locate the epicenter of an Earthquake?
The S-P interval to determine the difference in arrival times between the primary wave and secondary wave
A travel-time graph to determine the distance
Three seismograph stations to triangulate the epicenter of the Earthquake
The Mercalli scale to determine the damage created by the Earthquake
When Richter developed his magnitude scale, he based it off a:
logarithmic scale
linear scale
damage level
fault displacement
Each unit on the Richter scale equates to roughly a ____________ increase in energy.
2-fold (2 times)
2.5-fold (2.5 times)
32-fold (32 times)
1000-fold (1000 times)
Determine the magnitude of an earthquake that occurs one hundred (100) kilometers away and shows an amplitude of one (1) millimeter:
(a)
Determine the magnitude of an earthquake that occurs two hundred (200) kilometers away and shows an amplitude of two (2) millimeters:
(a)
Which of the following is NOT a reason why seismologists currently use the Moment Magnitude scale:
It is the only scale that estimates the size of very large Earthquakes
Uses the displacement to better reflect the total energy released
It can be measured both by field studies and seismographic methods
It is the only method that accurately measures the size of Earthquakes based on the damage.
How many magnitude 5.0-5.9 earthquakes occur each year on average?
<1
1
1,319
1,300,000
13,000
How many magnitude 8.0-8.9 earthquakes occur each year on average?
1
134
1,319
13,000
1,300,000
How many magnitude 9.0 and greater earthquakes occur each year on average?
<1
134
1,319
13,000
1,300,000
How many kilograms of explosives you would need to match the energy released from a magnitude 9.0 or greater earthquake?
1,800
56,000,000
1,800,000,000,000
56,000,000,000,000
How many seismic stations are required to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
(a)
Which two wave types are required to determine the distance from the epicenter?
Secondary waves
Primary waves
Surface waves
Love waves
Why are three seismic stations required to locate the epicenter?
You don't, you only need one.
All three circles intersect at one point, revealing the epicenter
The first two seismic stations only monitor deep focus earthquakes, while the third looks at shallow focus earthquakes
If the first two seismic stations fail to make a reading, the third station is used to gather the data
Which of the following needs to be known in order to determine the distance from the epicenter
S-p interval
Magnitude
Intensity
Rock type
The greatest number of earthquakes occurs near the region known as the:
Mid ocean ridge
Circum-Pacific belt
Himalayan mountains
Transform boundaries
The two types of body waves are:
Secondary waves
Primary waves
Rayleigh waves
Love waves
_____________are the fastest moving waves, traveling at 1 to 5 miles per second (1.6 to 8 kilometers per second). They can pass through solids, liquids and gases easily.
Secondary waves
Primary waves
Rayleigh waves
Love waves
Surface waves
____________move a little more slowly than P waves, and can only pass through solids.
Secondary waves
Primary waves
Rayleigh waves
Love waves
Surface waves
____________are to blame for most of an earthquake's carnage.
Secondary waves
Primary waves
Rayleigh waves
Love waves
Surface waves
____________are the slowest moving of all waves, which means they arrive the last.
Secondary waves
Primary waves
Rayleigh waves
Love waves
Surface waves
Identify the type of seismic wave:
Secondary wave
Primary wave
Rayleigh wave
Love wave
Surface wave
Identify the type of seismic wave:
Secondary wave
Primary wave
Rayleigh wave
Love wave
Surface wave
Determine the location of the epicenter:
(a)
Identify Item #1
Body waves
Surface waves
Primary waves
Secondary waves
Identify Item #2
Body waves
Surface waves
Primary waves
Secondary waves
Identify Item #3
Body waves
Surface waves
Primary waves
Secondary waves
Identify Item #4
Body waves
Surface waves
Primary waves
Secondary waves
This picture depicts what phenomenon?
Elastic rebound
Thrust fault
Normal fault
Liquefaction
Tsunami
Which of the following best describes the relationship between s-p interval and distance from the epicenter:
There is no relationship
There is a direct relationship. A longer s-p interval means a greater distance from the epicenter
There is an inverse relationship. The longer the s-p interval, the shorter the distance to the epicenter.
Which earthquake scale is shown in the picture:
Richter
Moment magnitude
Modified Mercalli
Fujita
Which scale is based on distance from the epicenter and amplitude:
Richter
Modified Mercalli
Fujita
Safir-Simpson
The two scales that are based on earthquake magnitude are:
Richter
Modified Mercalli
Fujita
Safir-Simpson
Moment magnitude
Where did the most violent earthquake to hit North America this century occur?
California
Alaska
Washington
Hawaii
Which of these are factors that determine damage caused by an earthquake?
The intensity
The duration of the vibrations
The nature of the building materials
The magnitude
The design of the structure
Which structure would stand up best to earthquakes?
A masonry building built on bedrock
A stone building built on sand
A glass greenhouse built on clay
A wood framed house built on clay
All of these are considered hazards of earthquakes:
Landslides and ground subsidence
Fires
Tsunamis
Sinkholes
Typhoon
The greatest earthquake-related damage to structures is often caused by:
landslides and ground subsidence
fires
tsunamis
sinkholes
Tsunamis grow in height the closer they get to shore.
True
False
The first warning sign of a tsunami is:
Large numbers of dead ocean creatures washing up on shore several hours before the wave hits
The ocean “boiling” several meters offshore approximately 10 minutes before the wave hits
A dramatic decrease in ocean water temperature several days before the wave hits
Rapid withdrawal of water from beaches 5 to 30 minutes before the wave hits
Where is the Tsunami Warning Center?
Juneau, Alaska
Los Angeles, California
Tokyo, Japan
Honolulu, Hawaii
Why does the Circum-Pacific Belt experience so many large earthquakes?
Subduction of the Pacific Plate causes many megathrust faults
There is an overwhelming number of volcanoes in that area
There are numerous transform plate boundaries around the Pacific
There are several mid-ocean ridges in the Pacific Ocean
Which of these are regions with the greatest seismic activity?
Mid Ocean Ridges
Circum-Pacific Belt
Alpine-Himalayan Belt
Hot spot regions
Transform Plate Boundaries
Why might an Earthquake east of the Rocky Mountains cause more widespread damage than in California?
Seismic waves can travel greater distances with less loss of strength in the East
The underlying bedrock in the East is newer and prone to more earthquake damage
The rock and soil composition in the East is looser and more vulnerable to quakes
There is a higher concentration of cities and people in the East
Which of these are potential causes of tsunamis?
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Hurricanes
Landslides
Typhoons
Which of these are potential causes of tsunamis?
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Hurricanes
Landslides
Monsoons
Why can't you see a tsunami far from shore?
The waves travels along the bottom of the ocean.
They only form along the shoreline.
The high water levels create an optical illusion.
The waves do not have white crests, making them difficult to see.
Seismologists were able to explain the association of ocean trenches with:
Deep focus earthquakes
Shallow focus earthquakes
Transform boundaries
Divergent boundaries
A M8 earthquake releases ________ more energy than a M7 earthquake.
30-32 times
1000
10
100
