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Genetics Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 2hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
2.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
3.
This image shows chromosomes during Prophase 1. Which of the following correctly describes the process shown?
a)
segregation of sister chromatids
b)
condensation and segregation of alleles
c)
mutationin which the DNA content of the gene is altered
d)
crossing - over in which alleles are exchanged
4.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
5.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Prophase II
b)
Metaphase I
c)
Metaphase II
d)
Anaphase I
6.

How many chromosomes are in an egg or sperm cell at the end of Meiosis?

a)

23

b)

46

c)

64

d)

32

7.

In what phase is the DNA of the cell replicated or copied?

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase I

c)

Telophase I

d)

Metaphase I

8.

What part of the cell disappears during Prophase and reappears in Telophase?

a)

nuclear membrane

b)

cell membrane

c)

chromosomes

9.

Homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell in what phase of Meiosis?

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Mitosis

d)

Prophase II

10.

When chromosomes cross over they form what?

a)

A tetrad

b)

A spindle fiber

c)

A chromatid

11.

Genetic information is transferred to homologous pairs during what?

a)

Cytokinesis

b)

Crossing over

c)

Interphase

12.
A human usually has ______ chromosomes in their body cells.
a)
6
b)
22
c)
4
d)
46
13.
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
14.
The purpose of sexual reproduction and meiosis is to form ________ cells.
a)
body
b)
sex
c)
somatic
d)
brain
15.
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
16.
Before mitosis or meiosis can begin, DNA must go through Interphase. This is when...
a)
DNA replicates
b)
DNA splits
c)
DNA forms chromosomes
d)
Chromosomes cross over
17.
In meiosis, Prophase 1 is when chromosomes...
a)
cross over
b)
mutate
c)
hybridize
d)
fertilize
18.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
19.
What is one reason why we need meiosis?
a)
To double the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
b)
To halve the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
c)
To triple the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
d)
To not change the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
20.
What is one of the advantages, of reproducing sexually versus asexually?
a)
survival of the fittest
b)
overproduction
c)
genetic variation
d)
cloning
21.

A human body (somatic) cell usually has how many chromosomes?

a)

6

b)

22

c)

4

d)

46

22.

If the diploid number of carrots is 18, the haploid number is

a)

18

b)

9

c)

27

d)

36

23.
What process, and which type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
24.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
25.

The products of meiosis are genetically...

a)

different.

b)

identical.

26.

At the end of mitosis you have _____ cells.

a)

identical

b)

different

c)

identical twins

d)

variety

27.

What are homologous chromosomes?

a)

Pairs of chromosomes with different genes on each.

b)

Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes on each.

c)

Pairs of chromosomes with no genes.

d)

Pairs of chromosomes with the wrong genes on each.

28.

FERTILIZATION OCCURS WHEN

a)

THE SPERM UNITES WITH THE EGG

b)

THE SPERM UNDERGO MEIOSIS

c)

THE EGG UNDERGOES MEIOSIS

d)

THE EGG AND SPERM UNDERGOES MEIOSIS

29.
The fertilized egg is termed a/an _____.
a)
gamete
b)
allele
c)
homolog
d)
zygote
30.

1n indicates that the cell is ____.

a)

Diploid

b)

Haploid

31.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
32.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
33.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
34.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
35.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
36.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
37.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
38.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
39.
Which component of DNA determines the traits of an organism? 
a)
Nitrogen Bases
b)
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
c)
Hydrogen bonds
40.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria in cytoplasm

c)

ribosome in cytoplasm

d)

chloroplast in cytoplasm

41.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
42.
What is the location in the cell for transcription?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
d)
mitochondria
43.
Translation is the process where
a)
mRNA is created in the Nucleus
b)
mRNA is decoded to form a protein 
c)
glucose molecules are made
d)
is where lipids are synthesised
44.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
45.

What process is happening in the diagram?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

dna replication

d)

mitosis

46.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
47.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
48.

DNA replication results in

a)

2 completely new DNA molecules

b)

2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original

c)

1 new DNA molecule and 1 old

d)

1 new molecule of DNA

49.

The new DNA strand formed after DNA replication is an exact copy of its parent strand

a)

True

b)

False

50.
A DNA nucleotide contains all of the following, except...
a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Phosphate group
c)
Nitrogenous base
d)
Cholesterol
51.
What is the shape of DNA?
a)
Double helix
b)
Triple helix
c)
Flat, bilayer
d)
Three-pronged rigid ladder
52.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Adenine -

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

53.
If a strand reads:
3' A A A T T T C 5'
The matching strand would read...
a)
5' T T T A A A G 3'
b)
3' T T T A A A G 5'
c)
5' A A A T T T C 3'
d)
3' U U U A A A G 5'
54.
ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a 
a)
Insertion- Frameshift
b)
Deletion- Substitution
c)
Deletion -Frameshift
d)
All of the above
55.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
56.
Why is the order of amino acids so important?
a)
The order of amino acids dictates what shape the protein will fold into.
b)
It is not important. The protein folding chamber will force the protein to fold into the correct shape.
57.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
58.

A substitution mutation that has no effect

on amino acids sequence

a)

Insertion Mutation

b)

Translocation

c)

Silent Mutation

d)

Deletion Mutation

59.

Failure of homologous chromosomes

to separate during meiosis.

Results in gametes with either one extra or one missing chromosome.

a)

Translocation

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Replication

d)

Transcription

60.

Condition caused by nondisjunction at pair 21 during meiosis.

Individuals have an extra chromosome

at pair 21, or a total of 47 chromosomes.

Also called Trisomy 21.

a)

Cystic Fibrosis

b)

Translocation

c)

Hemophilia

d)

Down Syndrome

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