the spinal cord occupies

further protection is provided by csf which surrounds the spinal cord in the

in cervical region, where it gives origin to the __, the spinal cord is fusiformly enlarged

inferiorly, the spinal cord tapers off into the __

from the apex of which a prolongation of the pia mater

the cord possess in the midline anteriorly, a deep longitudinal fissure, the __

along the entire length of spinal cord are attached __ of spinal nerves

each root is attached to the cord by a series of __,

each posterior nerve root possesses a __, the cells of which give rise to peripheral & central fibers

on cross section, the gray mater is seen as an h-shaped pillar with anterior & posterior gray columns or horns, united by __

a small lateral gray column or horn is present in the __ of the cord

the amount of gray matter present at any given level of the spinal cord is related to the amount of muscle innervate at that any level

most nerve cells are large & multipolar, and their axons pass out in the anterior roots of spinal nerves as __

innervates the skeletal muscle

the smaller nerve cells also multipolar, and axons pass out in the roots of spinal nerves as __

innervates the intrafusal muscle fibers of neuromuscular spindles

situated at the apex of posterior gray column throughout the length of spinal cord

it receives afferent fibers concerned with pain, temperature, & touch sensation from posterior root

in substantia gelatinosa group, it is believed that the inputs of the sensations of pain & temperature are modified by excitatory or inhibitory information from other sensory inputs & by information from the __

group of large nerve cells situated anterior to the substantia gelatinosa throughout the spinal cord

this nucleus constitutes the main bulk of cells present in the posterior gray column

receives fibers from the posterior white column that are associated with the senses of position & movement (proprioception), 2-point discrimination, & vibration

a group of nerve cells situated at the base of posterior gray column, extending from C8 caudally to L3/L4 segment

most of the cells are comparatively large and are associated with prorpioceptive endings (neuromuscular spindles & tendon spindles)

group of nerve cells of medium size situated lateral to the nucleus dorsalis

it extends from t1-l3 segment of the spinal cord; believed to be associated with receiving visceral afferent information

the ff are true about the intermediolateral group of cells except

in transverse sections of spinal cord, the anterior & posterior gray columns on each side are connected by __

in the center of gray commissure is situated the __

in white mater, __ on each side lies between the midline & the point of emergence of the anterior nerve roots

in white matter, the __ lies between the emergence of the anterior nerve roots and the entry of the posterior nerve roots

in white matter, the __ lies between the entry of posterior nerve roots & midline

fiber bundles having the same or similar origin, course, & termination are known as

the white matter of the spinal cord is divided into three paired funiculi except

lies between the dorsal horn and posterior median septum

lies between the dorsal root entry zone and the site where ventral root fibers emerge from the spinal cord

lies between the anterior median fissure and the emerging root filaments

the largest and is composed almost exclusively of long ascending and short descending fibers that arise from cells in spinal ganglia