Connective tissue types

A. toward the front of the body Ex. the sternum is anterior to the spine

B. loose (areolar), dense fibrous, elastic, adipose, blood, cartilage, bone.

C. Divides the body into upper and lower sections, not necessarily equally

D. does not manufacture hormones, stores and releases hormones made in hypothalamus

Lymphatic system function

A. salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

B. controls the body's automatic functions like breathing and digestion

C. ncludes pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands pancreas, ovaries/testes

D. defends the body foreign cells and diseases, provide immunity, and maintain fluid balance.

Pituitary gland: anterior secretes Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (TSH)

A. Function: regulates the thyroid gland

B. Function: Stimulates skin pigment

C. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

D. Function: Stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)

Blood

A. Closer to the trunk of the body Ex. The proximal femur articulates with the pelvis to form the hip joint

B. travels to the heart to be pumped to the lungs for oxygen and then back to the heart for travel to the rest of the body

C. Closer to the midline of the body Ex. the tibia is the medial bone of the lower leg

D. located posterior to the sternum. the thymus is large in children and atrophies after adolescence. it is responsible for the production and maturation of T-cells

Liver

A. Farther away from the trunk Ex. the distal humerus helps to form the elbow

B. large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; produces bile needed for breakdown of fats

C. Closer to the midline of the body Ex. the tibia is the medial bone of the lower leg

D. posterior to the stomach and connects to duodenum. produces enzymes that aid with digestion

Transverse plane

A. also called coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

B. Divides the body into upper and lower sections, not necessarily equally

C. toward the front of the body Ex. the sternum is anterior to the spine

D. Divides the body into left and right sides

Pituitary gland: anterior secretes Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Prolactin

A. Function: Stimulates skin pigment

B. Function: regulates calcium

C. Function: regulates adrenal cortex

D. Function: Stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)

Thyroid gland

A. Divides the body into upper and lower sections, not necessarily equally

B. located inferior to the lives; stores bile and connects to duodenum

C. does not manufacture hormones, stores and releases hormones made in hypothalamus

D. butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, lateral and anterior to the trachea.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A. controls the body's automatic functions like breathing and digestion

B. includes the brain and spinal cord

C. controls the body's voluntary (skeletal) muscles

D. includes brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Pituitary gland: anterior secretes Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH)

A. Function: Stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)

B. Function: Stimulates growth of ova and sperm

C. Function: Stimulates skin pigment

D. Function: Stimulates body growth

Hypothalamus secretes Antidiuretic hormone

A. Function: Stimulates body growth

B. Function: Stimulates reabsorption of water in kidneys

C. Function: Fight-or-Flight response

D. Function: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

Hypothalamus secretes Oxytocin

A. Function: Stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)

B. Function: Development of cells in the immune system

C. Function: Stimulates growth of ova and sperm

D. Function: Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk

Skeletal muscle

A. responsible for body movement; is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle

B. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins in the body as a whole

C. Divides the body into left and right sides

D. Closer to the surface of the body Ex. veins are superficial to the arteries

Skeletal system function

A. includes pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries/testes

B. controls the body's voluntary (skeletal) muscles

C. lymph nodes, lymph nodules, thymus, spleen, and interstitial fluid

D. gives the body structure and posture as well as protect the soft internal organs from injury; it also plays a key role by serving as attachment points for muscles in the body

Large intestine (colon)

A. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins in the body as a whole

B. absorption is completed here and feces is formed from solid waste products, divided into: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

C. digestion plays a vital role in the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. water and nutrients are essential for proper function of body systems as well as organ, tissue, and cellular function.

D. loose (areolar), dense fibrous, elastic, adipose, blood, cartilage, bone.

Thyroid gland secretes (T3 and T4)

A, Function: Vasoconstrictor

B. Function: cellular metabolism

C. Function: Stimulates body growth

D. Function: Stimulates skin pigment

Gall bladder

A. master gland, located on inferior surface of the brain

B. pinecone-shaped gland located behind the hypothalamus.

C. Closer to the surface of the body Ex. veins are superficial to the arteries

D. located inferior to the lives; stores bile and connects to duodenum

Pituitary gland: anterior secretes Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A. Function: Stimulates body growth

B. Function: Increased blood sugar

C. Function: Stimulates skin pigment

D. Function: Stimulates reabsorption of water in kidneys

Respiratory system function

A. controls the body's automatic functions like breathing and digestion

B. includes pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries/testes

C. respiration: moving air in and out of lungs

D. is made of peripheral nerves found through the body

Adrenal glands: Cortex secretes Cortisol

A. Function: Fight-or-Flight response

B. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

C. Function: regulates adrenal cortex

D. Function: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

Pituitary gland: posterior

A. butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, lateral and anterior to the trachea.

B. Toward the back of the body Ex. the sacrum is posterior to the pubis symphysis

C. does not manufacture hormones, stores and releases hormones made in hypothalamus

D. master gland, located on inferior surface of the brain

Parasympathetic nervous system

A. defends the body foreign cells and diseases, provide immunity, and maintain fluid balance.

B. controls the body's voluntary (skeletal) muscles

C. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins going to, within, and coming from the lungs

D. returns the body to resting state after stress has been resolved and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Proximal

A. found within the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and in the iris of the eye. aka involuntary muscle

B. Closer to the trunk of the body Ex. The proximal femur articulates with the pelvis to form the hip joint

C. Closer to the surface of the body Ex. veins are superficial to the arteries

D. Closer to the midline of the body Ex. the tibia is the medial bone of the lower leg

Fight-or-flight response

A. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins going to, within, and coming from the lungs

B. loose (areolar), dense fibrous, elastic, adipose, blood, cartilage, bone.

C. absorption is completB. ed here and feces is formed from solid waste products, divided into: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

D. the cardiovascular system experiences an increase in heart rate, the respiratory system experiences a widening of the bronchioles to increase the flow of oxygen, the muscular system experiences an increase in blood flow to the skeletal muscles, the digestive system experiences a decrease in peristalsis.

Testes secretes Testosterone

A. Function: Development of cells in the immune system

B. Function: Development of secondary sex characters in females, regulates menses

C. Function: Prepares the body for pregnancy

D. Function: Sperm production, secondary sex characteristics in males

Pineal Gland secretes Melatonin

A, Function: Stimulates reabsorption of water in kidneys

B. Function: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

C. Function: regulates onset of puberty, biological clock

D. Function: regulates calcium

Muscular system function

A. returns the body to resting state after stress has been resolved and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis

B. controls the body's automatic functions like breathing and digestion

C. movement-voluntary and involuntary

D. includes the brain and spinal cord

Homeostasis

A. Divides the body into upper and lower sections, not necessarily equally

B. also called coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

C. achieved when the body's systems and biological processes maintain stability.

D. Refers to an equal division of left and right sides, running along the midline of the body

Systemic circulation

A. Function: Development of secondary sex characters in females, regulates menses

B. above or close to the head Ex. the esophagus is superior to the stomach

C. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins in the body as a whole

D. Toward the back of the body Ex. the sacrum is posterior to the pubis symphysis

Nervous system

A. includes the brain and spinal cord

B. includes heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium and work together to pump blood throughout the body.

C. includes pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands,pancreas, ovaries/testes

D. includes brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Posterior (dorsal)

A. carry essential oxygen and nutrients to cells; aids in eliminating cell waste

B. achieved when the body's systems and biological processes maintain stability.

C. Below or closer to the feet Ex. the bladder is inferior to the kidneys

D. Toward the back of the body Ex. the sacrum is posterior to the pubis symphysis

Sympathetic nervous system

A. controls fight or flight response to stress

B. is made of peripheral nerves found through the body

C. lymph nodes, lymph nodules, thymus, spleen, and interstitial fluid

D. controls the body's voluntary (skeletal) muscles

Pancreas: (Beta cells) secretes Insulin

A. Function: Fight-or-Flight response

B. Function: Increased blood sugar

C. unction: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

D. Function: Decreases blood sugar

Functions of blood

A. Function: Development of secondary sex characters in females, regulates menses

B. also called coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

C. above or close to the head Ex. the esophagus is superior to the stomach

D. carry essential oxygen and nutrients to cells; aids in eliminating cell waste

Cardiovascular system

A. includes pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries/testes

B. includes heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium and work together to pump blood throughout the body.

C. returns the body to resting state after stress has been resolved and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis

D. salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Muscle tissue types

A. Function: Decreases blood sugar

B. cardiac, skeletal, and smooth

C. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins going to, within, and coming from the lungs

D. Function: Development of cells in the immune system

Thyroid Gland secretes Calcitonin

A. Function: regulates calcium

B. Function: Vasoconstrictor

C. located on top of each kidney

D. Increases bone calcium

Thymus secretes Thymosin

A. Function: Decreases blood sugar

B. Function: Development of cells in the immune system

C. Function: Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk

D. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

Endocrine system

A. provides posture, movement, and other essential body functions

B. includes heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium and work together to pump blood throughout the body.

C. includes pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries/testes

D. includes brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Stomach

A. travels to the heart to be pumped to the lungs for oxygen and then back to the heart for travel to the rest of the body

B. located below diaphragm in LUQ. receives food from esophagus and continues breakdown using gastric juices, propels food into small intestine, contains rugae

C. two cone shaped organs located in the chest. contain bronchi, alveoli, and many blood vessels. right lung is divided into three lobes; larger, left lung: two lobes.

D. Further away from the midline of the body Ex. the radius is lateral to the ulna

Smooth muscle

A. Function: Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk

B. responsible for body movement; is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle

C. found within the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and in the iris of the eye. aka involuntary muscle

D. Refers to an equal division of left and right sides, running along the midline of the body

Cardiac muscle

A. responsible for body movement; is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle

B. Closer to the trunk of the body Ex. The proximal femur articulates with the pelvis to form the hip joint

C. found only in the heart, cross-fibered to allow the heart to contract from the top and bottom in order to pump blood

D. takes up most of the space within abdominal cavity, primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients, divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Ovaries secretes Progesterone

A. Function: Prepares the body for pregnancy

B. Function: Decreases blood sugar

C. Function: Fight-or-Flight response

D. Function: regulates onset of puberty, biological clock

Midsagittal

A. Further away from the midline of the body Ex. the radius is lateral to the ulna

B. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins in the body as a whole

C. Closer to the midline of the body Ex. the tibia is the medial bone of the lower leg

D. Refers to an equal division of left and right sides, running along the midline of the body

Brain function

A. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins going to, within, and coming from the lungs

B. also called coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

C. takes up most of the space within abdominal cavity, primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients, divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

D. coordinates most body activities, and is the control center for the body as well as thought, emotion, and judgement divided into 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Adrenal glands

A. Divides the body into left and right sides

B. located on top of each kidney

C. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

D. Function: Fight-or-Flight response

Parathyroid gland

A. four pea-shaped glands embedded in the thyroid gland

B. master gland, located on inferior surface of the brain

C. pinecone-shaped gland located behind the hypothalamus.

D. Divides the body into upper and lower sections, not necessarily equally

Adrenal glands: Cortex secretes Aldosterone

A. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

B. Function: regulates the thyroid gland

C. Function: regulates onset of puberty, biological clock

D. Function: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

Ovaries secretes Estrogen

A. Function: Stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)

B. Function: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

C. above or close to the head Ex. the esophagus is superior to the stomach

D. Function: Development of secondary sex characters in females, regulates menses

Adrenal glands: Medulla secretes Norepinephrine

A. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

B. Function: Vasoconstrictor

C. Function: Stimulates body growth

D. Function: regulates adrenal cortex

Medial

A. Closer to the midline of the body Ex. the tibia is the medial bone of the lower leg

B. butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, lateral and anterior to the trachea.

C. travels to the heart to be pumped to the lungs for oxygen and then back to the heart for travel to the rest of the body

D. Farther from the body's surface Ex. arteries are deeper than veins

Anterior (ventral)

A. above or close to the head Ex. the esophagus is superior to the stomach

B. located inferior to the lives; stores bile and connects to duodenum

C. Divides the body into upper and lower sections, not necessarily equally

D. toward the front of the body Ex. the sternum is anterior to the spine

Thymus

A. located posterior to the sternum. the thymus is large in children and atrophies after adolescence. it is responsible for the production and maturation of T-cells

B. Closer to the midline of the body Ex. the tibia is the medial bone of the lower leg

C. include temperature, heart rate, respirations, and blood pressure measurements; used to evaluate homeostasis.

D. posterior to the stomach and connects to duodenum. produces enzymes that aid with digestion

Superficial

A. Closer to the surface of the body Ex. veins are superficial to the arteries

B. Toward the back of the body Ex. the sacrum is posterior to the pubis symphysis

C. Divides the body into upper and lower sections, not necessarily equally

D. above or close to the head Ex. the esophagus is superior to the stomach

Pituitary gland: anterior secretes Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A. Function: Stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)

B. Function: regulates the thyroid gland

C. Function: regulates adrenal cortex

D. Function: regulates calcium

Digestive system includes

A. salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

B. includes heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium and work together to pump blood throughout the body.

C. defends the body foreign cells and diseases, provide immunity, and maintain fluid balance.

D. is made of peripheral nerves found through the body

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

A. returns the body to resting state after stress has been resolved and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis

B. includes the brain and spinal cord

C. controls the body's voluntary (skeletal) muscles

D. controls the body's automatic functions like breathing and digestion

Lungs

A. coordinates most body activities, and is the control center for the body as well as thought, emotion, and judgement divided into 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

B. travels to the heart to be pumped to the lungs for oxygen and then back to the heart for travel to the rest of the body

C. absorption is completed here and feces is formed from solid waste products, divided into:cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

D. two cone shaped organs located in the chest. contain bronchi, alveoli, and many bloodvessels. right lung is divided into three lobes; larger, left lung: two lobes.

Small intestine

A. takes up most of the space within abdominal cavity, primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients, divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

B. found only in the heart, cross-fibered to allow the heart to contract from the top and bottom in order to pump blood

C. responsible for body movement; is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle

D. digestion plays a vital role in the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. water and nutrients are essential for proper function of body systems as well as organ, tissue, and cellular function.

Musculoskeletal system

A. lymph nodes, lymph nodules, thymus, spleen, and interstitial fluid

B. movement-voluntary and involuntary

C. controls the body's automatic functions like breathing and digestion

D. provides posture, movement, and other essential body functions

Pancreas: (Alpha Cells) secretes Glucagon

A. Function: Stimulates body growth

B. Function: Increased blood sugar

C. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

D. Function: regulates calcium

Gastrointestinal system/tract function

A, Function: Increased blood sugar

B. digestion plays a vital role in the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. water and nutrients are essential for proper function of body systems as well as organ, tissue, and cellular function.

C. takes up most of the space within abdominal cavity, primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients, divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

D. provides protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, sensation, vitamin D production

Inferior (caudal)

A. above or close to the head Ex. the esophagus is superior to the stomach

B. Closer to the surface of the body Ex. veins are superficial to the arteries

C. Below or closer to the feet Ex. the bladder is inferior to the kidneys

D. toward the front of the body Ex. the sternum is anterior to the spine

Pancreas

A. posterior to the stomach and connects to duodenum. produces enzymes that aid with digestion

B. Farther from the body's surface Ex. arteries are deeper than veins

C. Further away from the midline of the body Ex. the radius is lateral to the ulna

D. responsible for body movement; is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A. controls the body's automatic functions like breathing and digestion

B. defends the body foreign cells and diseases, provide immunity, and maintain fluid balance.

C. respiration: moving air in and out of lungs

D. salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Sagittal plane

A. Divides the body into left and right sides

B. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

C. located inferior to the lives; stores bile and connects to duodenum

D. include temperature, heart rate, respirations, and blood pressure measurements; used to evaluate homeostasis.

Distal

A. Farther away from the trunk Ex. the distal humerus helps to form the elbow

B. posterior to the stomach and connects to duodenum. produces enzymes that aid with digestion

C. Closer to the surface of the body Ex. veins are superficial to the arteries

D. master gland, located on inferior surface of the brain

Lymphatic system includes

A. gives the body structure and posture as well as protect the soft internal organs from injury; it also plays a key role by serving as attachment points for muscles in the body

B. defends the body foreign cells and diseases, provide immunity, and maintain fluid balance.

C. provides posture, movement, and other essential body functions

D. lymph nodes, lymph nodules, thymus, spleen, and interstitial fluid

Pituitary gland

A. Function: Stimulates growth of ova and sperm

B. Divides the body into left and right sides

C. four pea-shaped glands embedded in the thyroid gland

D. master gland, located on inferior surface of the brain

Pulmonary circulation

A. found within the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and in the iris of the eye. aka involuntary muscle

B. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins going to, within, and coming from the lungs

C. provides protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, sensation, vitamin D production

D. include temperature, heart rate, respirations, and blood pressure measurements; used to evaluate homeostasis.

Integumentary system: Skin functions

A. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins in the body as a whole

B. provides protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, sensation, vitamin D production

C. posterior to the stomach and connects to duodenum. produces enzymes that aid withdigestion

D. does not manufacture hormones, stores and releases hormones made in hypothalamus

Vital signs

A. Divides the body into left and right sides

B. takes up most of the space within abdominal cavity, primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients, divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

C. include temperature, heart rate, respirations, and blood pressure measurements; used to evaluate homeostasis.

D. found within the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and in the iris of the eye. aka involuntary muscle

Superior (cranial)

A. toward the front of the body Ex. the sternum is anterior to the spine

B. Toward the back of the body Ex. the sacrum is posterior to the pubis symphysis

C. consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins in the body as a whole

D. above or close to the head Ex. the esophagus is superior to the stomach

Deep

A. located inferior to the lives; stores bile and connects to duodenum

B. toward the front of the body Ex. the sternum is anterior to the spine

C. Closer to the midline of the body Ex. the tibia is the medial bone of the lower leg

D. Farther from the body's surface Ex. arteries are deeper than veins

Parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone

A. Function: Stimulates skin pigment

B. Function: regulates calcium

C. Function: Regulates carbohydrates

D. Function: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

Frontal plane

A. butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, lateral and anterior to the trachea.

B. responsible for body movement; is also called voluntary muscle or striated muscle

C. located inferior to the lives; stores bile and connects to duodenum

D. also called coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Pineal gland

A. Function: Stimulates ovulation (females) and testosterone production (males)

B. also called coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

C. Function: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

D. pinecone-shaped gland located behind the hypothalamus.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A. is made of peripheral nerves found through the body

B. includes heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium and work together to pump blood throughout the body.

C. movement-voluntary and involuntary

D. includes brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Lateral

A. posterior to the stomach and connects to duodenum. produces enzymes that aid with digestion

B. butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, lateral and anterior to the trachea.

C. Further away from the midline of the body Ex. the radius is lateral to the ulna

D. Closer to the surface of the body Ex. veins are superficial to the arteries

Adrenal glands: Medulla secretes Epinephrine

A. Function: Fight-or-Flight response

B. Function: Regulates electrolytes and fluid volume

C. Function: regulates adrenal cortex

D. Function: regulates onset of puberty, biological clock