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Cell Cycle & Communication Review (AP)

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the name of the process when homologous chromosomes find their matching pair during prophase I of meiosis?

(a)  

2.

What is another name for crossing over?

(a)  

3.

What is the name of the ligand that binds to cells to tell it to go through the cell cycle and divide?

a)

hormones

b)

kinase

c)

growth factors

d)

kinetochores

4.

What are the 2 identical parts of a chromosome called?

(a)  

5.

Click on all the different ways meiosis provides genetic variation

a)

random lining up of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I

b)

crossing over of chromosomes during prophase I

c)

random sperm and egg cells get fertilized

d)

recombination of chromosomes

e)

binary fission

6.

Click on all the phases that are a part of mitosis

a)

interphase

b)

prophase & metaphase

c)

anaphase & telophase

d)

cytokinesis

7.

When chromosomes go through synapsis, they form a

a)

tetrad

b)

centrosome

c)

cyclin

d)

cyclin-dependent kinase

8.

Click on all the things that stop damaged cells from dividing

a)

p53

b)

p21

c)

Rb (retinoblastoma)

d)

tumor suppressor proteins

9.

What two regulatory proteins work together to advance the cell into the next phase of the cell cycle?

a)

p53 & p21

b)

cyclin & cyclin-dependent kinases

c)

kinetochores & microtubules

d)

centrosomes & centrioles

10.

What is the name of the second messenger that activates kinases, which activate other relay proteins by phosphorylating them, resulting in the cell responding to a signal.

a)

cAMP

b)

ATP

c)

phosphorylation cascade

d)

gene expression

11.

What are spindles made out of?

a)

microtubules

b)

centromeres

c)

kinetochores

d)

cyclins

12.

Which of the following is false about cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks)

a)

Cyclins are inactive unless they are attached to cdks

b)

To be fully active, the cyclin-cdk complex must be phosphorylated

c)

Cyclin-cdk complexes activate other proteins by phosphorylating them

d)

They are regulatory proteins that regulate the cell cycle

e)

They prevent the cell from moving on to the next phase

13.

Where on the chromosomes do the spindles attach?

a)

centrosome

b)

centriole

c)

kinetochore

d)

cyclin

14.

A somatic cell of an organism has 18 chromosomes. What is its diploid number?

a)

2N=9

b)

N=18

c)

N=9

d)

2N=18

15.

Check off all the ways cells communicate with each other over short distances

a)

through gap junctions

b)

through the plasmodesmata

c)

through surface proteins connecting together during cell-to-cell recognition

d)

through the bloodstream

16.

What ligand is released into the bloodstream by your endocrine glands?

(a)  

17.

Check off all the things that apply to ion-gated channels

a)

They bind a ligand and active a G-protein

b)

They bind a ligand, which causes them to change shape

c)

The binding of a ligand allows ions to pass through

d)

Kinases phosphorylate relay proteins

18.

What is the name of the enzyme that phosphorylates relay proteins during a phosphorylation cascade?

(a)  

19.

How are kinases activated from their inactive state?

a)

G proteins phosphorylate them

b)

cAMP binds to them

c)

ATP binds to them

d)

ligand gated channels change their shape

20.

Check off all the things that happen to relay proteins as their phosphorylated by kinases

a)

they have a phosphate attached to them

b)

they change shape

c)

they go from inactive to active

d)

they stop relaying the message

21.

When this hormone binds to your muscle cell, it causes the muscle cell to break down glycogen into glucose, so that your muscles can use the glucose for the fight or flight response

a)

adrenaline

b)

calcium

c)

growth factor

d)

apoptosis

22.

Check off all the molecules that are not a second messenger

a)

cAMP

b)

Calcium

c)

G protein

d)

neurotransmitter

23.

When a signal molecules binds to this protein, it gets activated and then interacts with either an ion channel or an enzyme in the membrane

a)

Kinases

b)

Ligand-gated channels

c)

G proteins

d)

Second messengers

24.

True or False:


Mutations in a receptor protein or chemical that interfere with a part of the signaling pathway do not affect the activity of the signaling pathway

a)

True

b)

False

25.

True or False:


An enzyme is activated by a G protein to turn ATP into cAMP

a)

True

b)

False

26.

True or False:


Signal transduction can stop a gene from being transcribed and translated into proteins for your traits (also known as a gene being expressed)

a)

True

b)

False

27.

During which step of interphase does the cell grow?

a)

telophase

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

prophase

28.

During what step do chromosomes get replicated?

a)

S phase of interphase

b)

cytokinesis

c)

anaphase

d)

G2 of interphase

29.

What is the name of the phase where the centrioles move to opposite sides, spindles form, nuclear envelope breaks down, and chromatin condenses into chromosomes?

(a)  

30.

During what phase are chromosomes pulled apart?

a)

prophase

b)

G2

c)

telophase

d)

anaphase

31.

What is the relaxed form of chromosomes called?

a)

sister chromatids

b)

chromatin

c)

kinetochores

d)

centrosome

32.

Two centrioles make up a

(a)  

33.

Sister chromatids attach at the

(a)  

34.

Click on all the things that can form during cytokinesis in different types of cells

a)

cleavage furrow

b)

equatorial plate

c)

cell plate

d)

microtubules

35.

What is the non-dividing state called?

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

interphase

d)

G0

36.

For a cell to divide, it must be in contact with another surface. This is known as

a)

density-dependent inhibition

b)

cyclin & cyclin-dependent complex

c)

anchorage dependence

d)

metastasis

37.

True or False:

Cancer cells exhibit density-dependent inhibition

a)

True

b)

False

38.

Tumors that disrupt the function of organs are called

a)

benign tumors

b)

malignant tumors

c)

tumor suppressors

d)

growth factors

39.

What is called when a tumor spreads to other parts of the body through the bloodstream?

a)

metastasis

b)

benign

c)

anchorage dependence

d)

density-dependent inhibition

40.

When a cell is programmed to die, this is called

(a)  

41.

Chromosomes that make up a matching pair are known as

a)

sister chromatids

b)

homologous chromosomes

c)

karyotypes

d)

diploid chromosomes

42.

What is a picture of all your chromosomes called?

(a)  

43.

Click on all the types of cells that are made in meiosis

a)

diploid cells

b)

somatic cells

c)

gametes

d)

haploid cells

e)

body cells

44.

Click on all the types of cells that haploid

a)

body cells

b)

gametes

c)

somatic cells

d)

cells that have all the chromosomes

e)

cells made in mitosis

45.

True or False:

Haploid cells are represented using the symbol N

a)

True

b)

False

46.

What is the name of the scientific process where a sperm cell joins with an egg cell

(a)  

47.

An embryo goes through mitosis and makes more cells to turn into a (a)  

48.

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart during

a)

meiosis I

b)

meiosis II

c)

mitosis

d)

fertilization

49.

Homologous chromosomes line up together during

a)

metaphase of mitosis

b)

metaphase I of meiosis

c)

metaphase II of meiosis

50.

The cells made in meiosis are genetical identical to each other

a)

True

b)

False

51.

In female animals, meiosis results in 1 egg and 3

(a)  

52.

The random chromosome arrangement during metaphase of meiosis, which provides genetic variation, is known as

(a)  

53.

Organisms that reproduce asexually go through

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

54.

How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?

(a)  

55.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
56.
Cells spend 90% of their time in this stage of the cell cycle. This is the reason you would see most cells in this stage if viewed under a microscope.
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Interphase
57.
What do the cells look like at the end of mitosis?
a)
different from original cell
b)
similar to the original cell
c)
identical to the original cell
d)
none of these
58.

What is the correct order of the cell cycle?

a)

Interphase, Cytokinesis, Mitosis

b)

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

c)

Cytokinesis, Mitosis, Interphase

d)

Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

59.

What is this phase of Mitosis?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

60.
Which of the following is not a part of interphase?
a)
G2
b)
M
c)
G1
d)
S
61.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
 G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
62.
Which of the following phrases best describes cytokenesis
a)
division of the cytoplasm
b)
division of the nucleus
c)
division of DNA
d)
division of surface area
63.
Chromosome movement in mitosis and meiosis is regulated by
a)
microtubules
b)
microfilaments
c)
intermediate filaments
d)
All of thiese
64.
When does crossing over occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
Prophase 1
c)
Prophase 2
d)
Metaphase 1
65.

Meiosis results in ______.

a)

4 genetically unique haploid gametes

b)

4 genetically unique diploid cells

c)

2 genetically identical cells

d)

4 genetically identical cells

66.

Two processes that increase genetic variation during meiosis are crossing over and _____

a)

Synapsis

b)

Tetrad

c)

Independent assortment

d)

Gameiosis

67.

A haploid cell has

a)

three sets of chromosomes

b)

one set of chromosomes

c)

two sets of chromosomes

d)

four sets of chromosomes

68.
What phase is represented?
a)
metaphase 1
b)
metaphase 2
c)
anaphase 1
d)
anaphase 2
69.

The organelle located within centrosome region of animal cells; aids in spindle fiber formation

a)

Chromatid

b)

Centriole

c)

Centromere

d)

Centrosome

70.
Chromosomes and genes are replicated during
a)
prophase
b)
telophase
c)
metaphase
d)
interphase
71.
The uncontrolled division of cells can lead to:
a)
cancer
b)
mitosis
c)
meiosis
d)
cellular recombination
72.
The process of going from a diploid cell to a haploid cell occurs during
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
binary fission
d)
interphase
73.

Crossing over involves:

a)

synapsis

b)

formation of a tetrad

c)

alignment of homologous chromosomes

d)

all of the above

74.
When a chromosome is NOT dividing, what form does it take?
a)
chromatid
b)
chromatin
c)
chromosome
d)
centromere
75.
Which best describes the role of p53 protein in the cell cycle
a)
it makes sure organelles are properly replicated
b)
it makes sure that the cytoplasm is equally divided
c)
it make sure DNA is free of errors
d)
It makes sure the DNA is copied
76.

Why do cells such as neurons divide very rarely?

a)

They no longer have active nuclei

b)

They have entered G0

c)

they can no longer break down cyclins

d)

They no longer produce MPF

77.

Cells from cancerous tumors usually have an unusual number of chromosomes, and unusual looking chromosomes. What could explain this?

a)

cancer cells are in G0

b)

cancer cells are arrested in the S phase

c)

cell cycle check points are not in place

d)

transformation introduces new chromosomes to cells

78.
The purpose of meiosis is to form ________ cells.
a)
body
b)
sex
c)
somatic
d)
brain
79.

What is one of the advantages of reproducing sexually versus asexually?

a)

underproduction of offspring

b)

overproduction of offspring

c)

genetic variation

d)

artificial selection

80.
Crossing over is important because....
a)
It prevents mutations from entering the gametes. 
b)
It allows for even distribution of chromosomes in the gametes.
c)
It allows for more genetic diversity of gametes.
d)
It allows for genetic uniformity of gametes. 
81.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
82.

Is this cell haploid or diploid?

a)

Haploid

b)

Diploid

c)

Neither

83.
The three stages of cell signalling are
a)
paracrine, local, and synaptic
b)
reception, transduction, and response
c)
transcription, translation, and folding
d)
alpha, beta, and gamma
84.
1.  Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
 Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
85.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
G-protein receptor
b)
tyrosine kinase receptor
c)
gated ion channel
86.
Protein kinases activate other relay proteins by adding a(n) ____ to them.
a)
phosphate
b)
ATP molecule
c)
cAMP
d)
GTP
87.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
gated ion channel
b)
G-protein receptor
c)
tyrosine kinase receptor
88.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

89.
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?
a)
It is in the heart muscle
b)
it is also the site of production for the signaling molecule
c)
It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule
d)
It is incapable of signal transduction
90.

Why is apoptosis required?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Cell division: Meiosis and mitosis

c)

Elimination of threats such as viruses and DNA damage

91.

What type of cell division would be used to help a baby grow?

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

fertilization

d)

milania

92.

Cdks are kinases; enzymes that have the ability to ____ other proteins, acting like a switch to activate or turn off that protein.

a)

mutate

b)

phosphorylate

c)

denature

d)

fold

93.

Which of the following is a protein maintained at constant levels throughout the cell cycle that requires cyclin to become catalytically active?

a)

Cdk

b)

cyclin

c)

protein kinase

d)

MPF

94.

Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuations in concentration during the cell cycle, are called

a)

kinetochores.

b)

cyclins.

c)

centrioles.

d)

proton pumps.

95.
Which of these statements is false?
a)
In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is
female (XX) or male (XY).
b)
In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal
chromosome.
c)
Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during
fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote.
d)
At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis.
96.

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is

a)

a somatic cell of a female.

b)

a somatic cell of a male.

c)

an egg.

d)

a sperm.

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