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Biology EOC Review- NC

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The cell theory is...

a)

All living organisms are composed of at least one cell.

b)

building blocks of life. All cells come from

c)

All of the above

d)

Cells arise only from previously existing cells.

2.

A prokaryotic cell is...

a)

Cells that don't contain a nucleus but do contain other membrane-bound organelles.

b)

Cells that contain a nucleus but no other membrane-bound organelles.

c)

Cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

d)

Cells that don't contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

3.

A Eukaryotic cell is...

a)

Cell that has no membrane.

b)

Cell with no membrane-bound organelles.

c)

A cell containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

d)

A cell containing a nucleus and other nucleus-bound organelle.

4.

The cell membrane main purpose is...

a)

Selective Permeability

b)

Energy Production

c)

Locomotive

d)

Looking good

5.
Which symbiotic relationship is described by one individual benefiting and the other being neither harmed nor benefited?
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
d)
Competition
6.
Where in the cell does cell respiration occur?
a)
chloroplast 
b)
central vacuole 
c)
mitochondria
d)
cell membrane
7.
Which of the following is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? 
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cell Wall 
d)
Ribosomes 
8.
What plant organelle is used to make sugars?
a)
Cell wall 
b)
Mitochondria 
c)
Chloroplast 
d)
Vacuole
9.
Which part of the cell is often called "the brain of the cell"?
a)
nuclear membrane
b)
endoplasmic reticulum
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochondria
10.
Which organelle uses energy from sunlight to make sugar?
a)
mitochondria
b)
nucleus
c)
chloroplasts
d)
vacuoles
11.
Controls what enters/leaves a cell
a)
cell membrane
b)
Nuclear membrane
c)
cell wall
d)
cytoplasm
12.
A coyote captures, kills, and eats a rabbit. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
13.
The flower of the yucca plant provides the only location where the yucca moth can lay her eggs. In the process, the moth pollinates the yucca flower. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
14.
A tapeworm lives in the intestines of a dog. It absorbs food the dog has eaten and grows larger in the process. The dog becomes weaker from malnutrition. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
15.

True or False: The main function of a lipid is to store energy.

a)

True

b)

False

16.

The units of protein are

a)

Amino acids

b)

Glucose

c)

Fatty acid

d)

Peptides

17.

Which process is used to make mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

replication

18.

Where does transcription take place in EUKARYOTIC cells?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

ribosome

19.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
20.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
21.

Transcribe the following DNA sequence into RNA:


AAT TAG GGC TCG

a)

AAT TAG GGC TCG

b)

TTA ATC CCG AGC

c)

UUA AUC CCG AGC

d)

TTU UTC CCG UGC

22.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
DNA is single-stranded
b)
RNA is single-stranded
c)
DNA contains uracil
d)
RNA contains deoxyribose
23.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of bases?
a)
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine
b)
RNA contains uracil in place of adenine
c)
RNA contains uracil in place of guanine
d)
RNA contains uracil in place of  cytosine
24.
Amino acids are the building blocks of... 
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Atoms
d)
Proteins
25.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
26.

Which RNA carries the message from the DNA molecule out of the nucleus?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

27.

How many nucleotides equal make up a codon?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

28.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
29.

Nucleic acids are the building blocks of...

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Atoms

d)

Nucleotides

30.

What is composed of several food chains in an ecosystem that intersect and depend on one another?

a)

niche

b)

feeding level

c)

energy pyramid

d)

food web

31.

What is the ultimate source of energy in any food chain?

a)

the sun

b)

producers

c)

consumers

d)

decomposers

32.

Which organisms can be found at the first, or lowest, trophic level?

a)

herbivores

b)

carnivores

c)

heterotrophs

d)

autotrophs

33.

Herbivores eat only meat.

a)

true

b)

false

34.

Which statement describes an autotroph?

a)

It is an organism that makes its own food.

b)

It is an organism that eats other organisms.

c)

It is an organism that eats decaying matter.

d)

None of the above.

35.

Weather (such as rain) and soil conditions are considered to be part of the ____________ factors of an ecosystem.

a)

biotic

b)

antibiotic

c)

abiotic

d)

biomass

36.

All the nonliving things in an environment are called the ________ factors.

a)

abiotic

b)

biotic

c)

ecological

d)

inorganic

37.

What is an example of a biotic factor?

a)

water

b)

grass

c)

soil

38.

Which of these phrases describes the biotic factors of an ecosystem?

a)

the number of individual organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem

b)

any living part of an environment

c)

an organism that eats only meat

39.

Which of these is most commonly the largest structure inside an animal cell?

a)

endoplasm

b)

nucelus

c)

DNA

d)

ribosomes

40.

How do mitochondria regulate energy in a cell?

a)

Mitochondria transfer energy between cells as energy is needed.

b)

Mitochondria convert energy in nutrients into usable energy.

c)

Mitochondria absorb and convert energy from the sun.

d)

Mitochondria convert energy from the nucleus into usable energy.

41.

Which of these is NOT a unique structure to plant cells?

a)

cell wall

b)

central vacuole

c)

chloroplas

d)

nucleus

42.
Which of the following is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all life functions?
a)
the mitochondria
b)
the vacuoles
c)
the nucleus
d)
the cell
43.
What is the function of the cell nucleus found in both plant and animal cells?
a)
to produce energy
b)
to control cell activity
c)
to remove waste products
d)
to allow molecules to enter the cell
44.

All cells need energy (ATP) to function. Which cell organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell? "The Powerhouse"

a)

chloroplasts

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

vacuoles

45.

Where do new cells come from?

a)

other cells

b)

nucleus

c)

Golgi body

d)

macrophages

46.
Communities of living things interacting with non-living things.
a)
ecosystem
b)
community
c)
sphere
d)
population
47.
The parts of cells.
a)
moelcules
b)
organelles
c)
cells
d)
tissues
48.
What is a habitat? 
a)
The place or environment where a plant or animal grows most quickly. 
b)
The place or environment where a plant or animal natural or normally lives and grows. 
c)
The place or environment where a plant or animal are most numerous. 
49.

Mutations can be negative because

a)

They can cause cancer

b)

They can cause birth defects

c)

They can help an organism thrive in its environment.

d)

They can affect offspring.

50.

Mutations can benefit humans because they can:

a)

Cause illness

b)

Make an organism more suited to live in its environment.

c)

Make organisms live shorter lives

d)

Cause organisms to grow extra limbs.

51.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

52.

A mutation can occur if a base pair is ____________, deleted or substituted for another.

a)

modified

b)

added

c)

transferred

53.

Mutations are random.

a)

True

b)

False

54.
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce therefore passing down their genes to their offspring? 
a)
Evolution 
b)
Variation 
c)
Adaptation
d)
Natural Selection 
55.

Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________

a)

reproduce

b)

become extinct

56.
The gradual change in species over time is...
a)
Evolution
b)
Nucleotide 
c)
Adaptation
d)
Natural Selection
57.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
58.
The separation of a group of individuals from the rest of the population is referred to as 
a)
genetic drift
b)
natural selection
c)
geographic isolation
d)
survival of the fittest
59.
What is this an example of?
a)
vestigial structures
b)
embryology
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil record
60.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
61.

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

a)

the wings of a red-tailed hawk

b)

the tail of a house cat

c)

the fins of sharks

d)

the wings of a penguin

62.
Predict which moth would increase in population
a)

light 

b)

dark

c)

they would be 50:50 due to random variation

63.
Inherited trait that helps an organism survive is a(n) __________.
a)
Fossil
b)
Adaptation
c)
Ancestor
d)
Natural selection
64.

The _____________ is a gel-like fluid that fills plant and animal cells. It holds the organelles in place and gives each cell its shape.

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Chloroplast

65.

A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude?

a)

Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

b)

Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

c)

Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration

d)

Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a a result of cellular respiration

66.

Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

a)

It regulates mineral concentrations in cells.

b)

It regulates body temperature.

c)

It maintains water balance.

d)

It maintains sugar balance in cells.

67.

Which statement best explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?

a)

They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

b)

They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.

c)

They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.

d)

They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products.

68.

Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

a)

carbon dioxide + glucose --> oxygen + water

b)

carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen

c)

glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water

d)

oxygen + water ---> carbon dioxide + glucose

69.

Which best explains why the rate of a biochemical reaction decreases at high temperatures?

a)

The activation energy increases.

b)

The shape of the enzyme changes.

c)

The enzyme-substrate complex forms.

d)

The bonds between substrates are broken.

70.
Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme’s function?
a)
Enzymes are specific to a substrate
b)
 Enzymes can operate in a wide range of conditions.
c)
Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules.
d)
Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.
71.

Which statement best describes the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and the reactants in cellular respiration?

a)

The products of photosynthesis serve as the reactants in cellular respiration to provide chemical energy.

b)

The products of photosynthesis combine with the reactants in cellular respiration to remove ATP from cells.

c)

The products of photosynthesis inhibit the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.

d)

The products of photosynthesis change the structure of the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.

72.
During osmosis
a)
water moves from high to low concentration
b)
large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane
c)
water moves when energy is used
d)
proteins are built
73.
When both inside and outside of a cell have the same amount of water it is said that the cell has reached a state of
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Equilibrium
74.
In a solution of water and salt, salt is considered the _______.
a)
solvent
b)
solute
c)
solution
75.
In a scenario, salt is placed into a bowl of water.  What is the solvent?
a)
salt
b)
water
c)
saltwater
76.
HYPO means...
a)
Low
b)
High
c)
Equal
d)
Fat
77.
 If the volume of a cell increases when it is placed in a solution, that solution is said to be __________ to the cell
a)
 hypertonic
b)
subatomic
c)
 isotonic
d)
 hypotonic 
78.
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Shrink
b)
Swell
c)
Stay the same
79.

If a cell containing 5% salt is placed into a glass of water with 20% salt, the solution is _______ compared to the cell.

a)

hypertonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

isotonic

80.
The cell below is in a _________ solution.
a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
81.
The cell below is in a _____________ solution.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
82.
An ISOTONIC solution has a(n) ______________ concentration of solute (dissolved stuff) than inside the cell.
a)
lower
b)
equal
c)
higher
83.
Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
84.
Low to High
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
85.
The movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration is
a)
diffusion
b)
cell division
active transport
c)
active transport
d)
tonicity
86.
Active transport requires
a)
energy
b)
the nucleus
c)
chloroplasts
d)
lysosomes
87.
Another term for equilibrium is...
a)
Not enough
b)
Too little
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Too much
88.
A cell will _____________________ in a hypertonic solution.
a)
swell
b)
shrink
c)
will not change
d)
will explode
89.
A cell will __________________ in a hypotonic solution.
a)
swell and perhaps burst (lyse)
b)
shrink
c)
the size of the cell will not change
d)
the size of the cell will change from large to small and from small to large
90.

The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6 Which type of molecule is it?

a)

protein

b)

carbohydrate

c)

nucleic acid

91.

Which function is performed by a nucleic acids?

a)

provide energy

b)

function as enzymes

c)

store genetic information

d)

form structural materials like muscles and bones

92.

Four different types of macromolecules and their characteristics are listed below. What type of macromolecule is D?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

nucleic acid

d)

protein

93.

The effect of temperature on the relative rate of enzyme activity is shown.

Which statement is a valid conclusion based on the information in the graph?

a)

The maximum rate of human respiration occurs at about 57°C.

b)

The maximum rate of human digestion occurs at about 45°C.

c)

Growth can be controlled by the action of an enzyme.

d)

Temperature can influence the action of an enzyme.

94.

A digestive enzyme that is released into the small intestines by the pancreas is used to break down proteins. Data from a chemical reaction with the digestive enzyme are shown in the graph below.

According to the graph, which conclusion can be made about this digestive enzyme?

a)

It functions most efficiently from pH 7.0 to pH 9.0.

b)

It will work best if pH levels increase above pH 10.0.

c)

It breaks down the most proteins between pH 1.0 and pH 5.0.

d)

It is effective at breaking down proteins from pH 1.0 to pH 10.0.

95.

Which of the following is not one of the four major classes of macromolecules?

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbon

c)

Protein

d)

Carbohydrates

e)

Nucleic Acid

96.

Which macromolecule is used as our main source of short-term energy?

a)

Lipids/Fats

b)

Nucleic Acids

c)

Proteins

d)

Carbohydrates

97.

Which macromolecule stores energy long-term?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids/Fats

d)

Nucleic Acids

98.

Salmon and other types of fish are sources of what 2 macromolecules?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids/Fats

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acids

99.

Macromolecules are made up of small repeating subunits which are called ___.

a)

polymers

b)

monomers

c)

enantiomers

d)

carbomers

100.
According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to: 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles

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