WorksheetsBY 121 Final Review pt. 4
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 24mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Based on evidence from geology, chemistry, and biology (including fossils and DNA evidence), scientists believe that the Earth was ruled by prokaryotic organisms (Bacteria, Archeans) for approximately _________________ years, prior to the origin of Eukaryotes.
a)
2 million
b)
2 billion
c)
3.5 million
d)
3.5 billion
e)
4.54 billion
2.
Which of the following Domains of Life includes only multicellular organisms?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Archaea
c)
Eukarya
d)
all of the above
e)
none of the above
3.
Binary fission is a mode of bacterial reproduction that also can be described as ____________ because it results in daughter cells that are identical to the original cell.
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
asexual
d)
sexual
e)
fertilization
4.
Most of the genetic material of a bacterium is
a)
in plasmids
b)
in a membrane-bound organelle
c)
in the nucleoid region
d)
in the nucleosome region
e)
in the bacteriophage
5.
This example of “horizontal gene transfer” involves the ability of bacteria to acquire new DNA (and genes) as a result of infections by viruses known as bacteriophages.
a)
conjugation
b)
transduction
c)
transformation
d)
chemoheterotrophy
e)
gastromancy
6.
This membrane structure plays a valuable role in bacterial evolution because it provides a way (conjugation) for genes to be exchanged among individuals in a population.
a)
nucleiods
b)
ribosomes
c)
pilus (plural: pili)
d)
phospholipids
e)
capsule
7.
These structures make it possible for prokaryotes to be motile.
a)
thylakoid membrane
b)
ribosomes
c)
ATP synthase
d)
flagella
e)
cilia
8.
Many prokaryotes secrete this slimy substance on the outer surface of their walls, which prevents desiccation but also helps pathogenic bacteria to attach to host cells.
a)
capsule
b)
peptidoglycan
c)
cilia
d)
mucus
e)
reverse transcriptase
9.
Which of the following could be a source of a circular DNA molecule?
a)
mitochondria
b)
plasmids
c)
chromosomes from a human nucleus
d)
all of the above
e)
A and B (mitochondria and plasmids)
10.
Spirillum volutans is one of the largest known bacteria and can be found in freshwater streams. The genus name indicates that these bacteria are
a)
round-shaped
b)
spiral-shaped
c)
rod-shaped
d)
disease-causing
e)
prokaryotic
11.
The synthetic (laboratory) source for this important substance used in medicine is genetically modified bacteria.
a)
aspirin
b)
morphine
c)
codeine
d)
insulin
e)
Vitamin K
12.
Approximately how many genes does a typical prokaryote have?
a)
2000
b)
20000
c)
200000
d)
2 million
e)
2 billion
13.
According to this hypothesis, viruses arose as genes and related cellular machinery that escaped from the original organism.
a)
regressive hypothesis
b)
cellular origin hypothesis
c)
coevolution hypothesis
d)
lysogenic hypothesis
e)
lytic hypothesis
14.
This group of photosynthetic bacteria often form filaments and colonies. They are thought to be the ancestral source for chloroplasts in Eukaryotes.
a)
Proteobacteria
b)
Gram-positive Bacteria
c)
Thermophiles
d)
Cyanobacteria
e)
Mycobacteria
15.
What is “nitrogen fixation”?
a)
An unhealthy obsession with nitrogen
b)
Any chemical reaction that repairs nitrogen atoms, replacing lost protons, electrons, or neutrons
c)
The ability of extremophiles to live in nitrogen-rich environments
d)
The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into a form that can be used by living organisms
e)
The conversion of nitrogen to protein
16.
What is the problem with "Protists" from a taxonomic perspective?
a)
Almost all of them cause disease
b)
There are too many of them
c)
They should be classified as microorganisms
d)
They do not have a fossil record, therefore we do not know how they are related to other organisms
e)
They do not have a unique common ancestor, and therefore they are not “natural” group
17.
Monophyletic refers to organisms that _________________.
a)
have no known relatives
b)
are descended from bacteria
c)
members of a group that contains an ancestor and all of its descendents
d)
are only known from one part of the world
e)
have evolved over time to be single-celled
18.
This is an informal term for plant-like photosynthetic organisms, often found in aquatic habitats, which may be single-celled or multicellular.
a)
alga
b)
archaeplastids
c)
glaucophytes
d)
ciliates
e)
blue-green algae
19.
Of the following, land plants are most closely related to
a)
red algae
b)
brown algae (including seaweed called kelp)
c)
diatoms
d)
Euglena
e)
cyanobacteria
20.
These unusual microscopic organisms were a puzzle to early biologists because they are both plant-like (with chloroplasts) and animal-like (with eyespots and flagella, and feeding on bacteria).
a)
green algae
b)
glaucophytes
c)
euglenids
d)
otesaneks
e)
biollantes
21.
These aquatic organisms are free-living single celled individuals that can change shape constantly and engulf prey with the aid of pseudopods, or outgrowths of their plasma membranes.
a)
choanoflagellates
b)
trypanosomas
c)
water molds
d)
amoebas
e)
diplomonads
22.
The Irish Potato Famine was due to a disease caused by
a)
Ulva, a green algae
b)
Phytophthora, a water mold
c)
Entamoeba, an amoeba
d)
E. coli, a bacterium
e)
Pfiesteria, a dinoflagellate
23.
Multicellular brown algae have bodies that are similar in function to plants, with parts resembling roots, stems, and leaves. The root-like structures are called
a)
holdfasts
b)
stipes
c)
rhizomes
d)
fronds
e)
bladders
24.
The modern day organisms that scientists now believe to be most closely related to animals are
a)
insects
b)
fungi
c)
choanoflagellates
d)
cheburashkas
e)
tanukis
25.
Which of the following is not a shared feature of all green plants (including land plants and green algae)?
a)
flowers
b)
loss of phycobilins
c)
starch as a storage molecule
d)
stellate (star-shaped) structure at base of flagella
e)
chlorophyll b
26.
In bryophytes, the haploid part of the life cycle is dominant. An individual plant in this haploid stage of the life cycle is called a
a)
moss
b)
sporangium
c)
gametophyte
d)
sporophyte
e)
liverwort
27.
Scientists believe that the first land plants evolved around ______________ million years ago.
a)
1
b)
10
c)
50
d)
475
e)
3500
28.
The waxy covering on the surface of plant leaves is referred to as the
a)
sporopollenin
b)
cellulosic layer
c)
stomata
d)
epidermis
e)
cuticle
29.
This type of vascular tissue has the primary role of distributing water and disolved minerals.
a)
phloem
b)
lignin
c)
xylem
d)
stomata
e)
rhizoids
30.
Plants that produce “naked seeds” belong in the group called the
a)
Nudiephytes
b)
Angiosperms
c)
Gymnosperms
d)
Monilophytes
e)
Megaspores
31.
All of the following are examples of gymnosperms EXCEPT
a)
gnetophytes
b)
palm trees
c)
ginkgos
d)
cycads
e)
conifers
32.
The seeds of pine trees can be found in protective structures called
a)
megaspores
b)
cones
c)
fruits
d)
pods
e)
sori
33.
The success of angiosperms is probably due to having
a)
short life cycles and rapid growth
b)
specialized reproductive structures
c)
wind and animal pollinators
d)
fruit
e)
all of the above.
34.
Flowering plants and their pollinators have interacted for many millions of years, and over time both have changed and diversified due to the pressure they imposed on each other. This type of interaction is an example of
a)
the food chain
b)
the benefits of plants for humans
c)
plant physiology
d)
adaptive radiation
e)
coevolution
35.
A flower is a specialized reproductive shoot built out of four types of highly modified ______________.
a)
cells
b)
gametes
c)
petals
d)
organic chemicals
e)
leaves
36.
In botanical terms, a fruit is defined as
a)
a mature seed
b)
an egg
c)
a mature ovule
d)
a mature ovary
e)
a vegetable
37.
Most fungi feed by
a)
releasing spores
b)
extracellular digestion and absorption
c)
converting carbon dioxide to sugar
d)
internal digestion in fruiting bodies
e)
symbiosis with bacteria
38.
The mass of hyphae that forms the “body” of a fungus is called
a)
a social slug
b)
mycelium
c)
mycorrhizae
d)
chitin
e)
yeast
39.
The common name for unicellular fungi that reproduce by fission or budding is
a)
mold
b)
mildew
c)
yeasts
d)
spores
e)
protists
40.
Fungi are
a)
always multicellular
b)
primitive plants
c)
primarily parasitic
d)
heterotrophs
e)
all of the above
41.
In contrast to plants and protists, fungi have the following polysaccharide in their cell walls:
a)
lignin
b)
cellulose
c)
chitin
d)
dikaryon
e)
mannitol
42.
What are the common "fairy rings" seen in lawns?
a)
A population of mushrooms planted in a circle.
b)
A fungal colony grown from a central point and producing mushrooms at the edge of growth.
c)
A ring of mushrooms caused by an animal spreading the spores in a ring
d)
magic
e)
A clump of mushrooms growing where soil nutrients are rich.
43.
Lichens represent a partnership between
a)
fungi and decomposing matter
b)
fungi and free-living chloroplasts
c)
fungi and Euglena
d)
fungi and humans
e)
fungi and green or blue-green algae
44.
The common ancestor of fungi and humans most likely resembled the modern day organisms known as
a)
choanoflagellates
b)
bacteria
c)
euglena
d)
jellyfish
e)
amoebas
45.
Out of all of the following organisms, we now know that Fungi are most closely related to
a)
plants
b)
protists
c)
algae
d)
bacteria and other types of mold
e)
animals
46.
Many fungi live on dead organisms or parts of organisms, such as fallen leaves, and return much of the nutrients to the soil. Such fungi are said to be
a)
coenocytic
b)
saprobes
c)
predators
d)
motile
e)
septate
47.
An important function of spores is
a)
dispersal
b)
defense against predators
c)
photosynthesis
d)
digestion
e)
sternutation
48.
The technical term for the association between a tree root and a fungus is
a)
liaison
b)
mycelium
c)
tryst
d)
mycorrhizae
e)
endophyte
100 %
