Font size
Worksheetsapush midterm
Total questions: 149
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
(2.2) How did mercantilist policies create tension between Great Britain and the colonies?
By preventing colonists from trading with most other foreign countries
By introducing indentured servitude to the middle colonies
By limiting the amount of farmland each colonist could have
By requiring colonists to enlist in the military
(1.3) Which deadly epidemic most devastated Mexican natives and was the subject of numerous 15th- and 16th-century primary accounts of disease?
Measles
Syphilis
Influenza
Smallpox
(2.4) “Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to christianize those heathen before they were civilized and enjoining them the strict observation of their laws.... Some believe there have been vagrant and Jesuitical priests, who have made it their business, for some years past, to go from Sachem to Sachem, to exasperate the Indians against the English and to bring them into a confederacy, and that they were promised supplies from France and other parts to extirpate [eradicate] the English nation out of the continent of America.”
Edward Randolph, report of King Philip’s War (Metacom’s War) in New England, 1676
Which of the following best characterizes relations between the English and American Indians in New England following Metacom’s War?
Peaceful accommodation between both groups
Recognition of American Indian property and land rights
Religious freedom for the English and American Indians
Dramatic decline of numbers and dispersion of the American Indian populations
Which factor most contributed to the creation of the documents in this list?
The economic system of mercantilism
The distance of the colonies from Great Britain
The doctrine of the Church of England
The opportunity for trade with American Indians
(1.2) Since the 15th and 16th centuries, what has been the most enduring legacy from Spanish conquest and exploration of the Americas?
Greater standing in the world
Increased wealth for Spain
Converts to Christianity
Promotion of a large empire
(2.2) Which of the following regions had the longest growing seasons, primarily cultivated rice and indigo, and had a majority African slave population?
The New England colonies
The southernmost Atlantic colonies
The middle colonies
The Chesapeake colonies
(1.4) Which of the following was a major difference between the encomienda system and slave labor in the Spanish colonies?
The encomienda system was developed specifically for plantation agriculture, whereas slaves were used only in mines.
The encomienda system imported servants from Europe, whereas the slavery system mostly exploited Native Americans.
The encomienda system paid fair laborers wages, whereas wages were not paid to enslaved people.
The encomienda system exploited the labor of Native Americans, whereas slavery more typically extracted labor from West Africans.
(2.2) Before 1750, what was the most frequent reaction of British colonists in North America to increased trade regulations and a growing mistrust of England’s commitment to support the colonies?
Compliance with the laws of England
Increased smuggling
Calls for a revolution
The creation of large-scale industries
(2.6) Which of the following was an argument made against slavery in the Thirteen Colonies?
Puritans argued that the slave trade encouraged materialism.
Quakers argued that slavery violated Christian principles.
Manufacturers argued that slavery discouraged the development of industry.
Farmers argued that using slave labor was expensive and inefficient.
(2.1) Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French and Dutch colonial relationships with American Indians were based primarily on
the mining and refining of precious metals.
the production of cash crops under plantation agriculture.
extreme hostility which prevented meaningful trade or commerce.
trade alliances centering on the fur trade.
(2.1) Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English colonization differed from the Spanish, Dutch, and French because England
exclusively used African slave labor for mining and agriculture.
eventually established colonies based primarily on agriculture and had women and children settelers.
was dedicated to the religious conversion and assimilation of native populations.
did not seek to acquire land from the native populations.
(2.6) Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness
This list includes rights that are considered —
unalienable
inherited
legislated
transferable
(1.4) The encomienda and slavery systems both contributed to which of the following developments?
The Spanish colonies experienced intermingling between European and Native American populations to such an extent that racial categories ceased to be recognized.
Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans were all integrated into Spanish colonial society on an equal basis.
The Spanish colonies developed a social hierarchy based on economic status rather than on racial categories.
The Spanish developed a race-based caste system that defined the status of Europeans, Native Americans, Africans, and people of mixed race in their colonies.
(2.6) Which statement accurately describes the reasons for establishing Plymouth and Jamestown?
Plymouth was founded as a refuge from religious persecution, while Jamestown was founded for commercial profit.
Both colonies were established to bring wealth to stockholders.
Both colonies were established to limit the expansion of other European empires.
Plymouth’s founders intended to produce raw materials, while Jamestown’s founders expected to discover gold.
(1.1) Pre-Columbian Southwest Indians were most noted for which environmental transformation practice?
Overhunting and extinction of herd animals
Draining swamps
Irrigation
Burning grasslands and forests
(2.3) Starting in the early 18th century, some southern British colonies adopted slave codes from Barbados that
led to the emergence of strict racial categories in colonial society.
were similar to the French and Spanish standards for slave treatment.
ensured the protection of basic human rights for slaves.
limited the total number of slaves on a plantation.
(1.3) Sextant technology revolutionized
manufacturing and processing.
the fur trade.
military combat.
international trade and exploration.
(1.2) What was the most important 15th- and 16th-century goal of Spanish conquest and exploration as revealed by the conquistadores?
Promotion of empire
Increased status
Increased wealth of Spain
Converts to Christianity
(2.2) During the 17th century, which of the following was the primary cash crop of the Chesapeake colonies?
Tobacco
Sugarcane
Cotton
Rice
(1.3) The Columbian Exchange (Cultural Diffusion) refers to:
the agricultural products and domestic animals that crossed from European civilizations to the New World and from the New World to Europe.
the introduction of European diseases to Native Americans
the decimation of native populations from exposure to small pox and/or other diseases that they had no immunities against.
All of the above
(1.1) Before the arrival of Europeans, Great Basin and Western Plains Indians
responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles.
became dependent on agriculture and maize cultivation.
developed larger permanent communities.
created strong trade networks among North American tribes.
(2.5) Which of the following is true of the slave system in eighteenth-century British North America?
The slave system was legal only in the southern colonies.
Most slaves worked on cotton plantations.
Indentured servants increasingly replaced slaves in the southern colonies.
Slaveowners gained increased legal power over their slaves.
(1.1) In the map above, Southwest American Indian communities benefited most from
the encomienda system.
the spread of the maize culture.
the introduction of livestock.
a more mobile lifestyle.
(1.5) “In 1680 Pueblo leaders united most of their communities against the European intruders....In a matter of weeks, the Pueblos had eliminated Spaniards from New Mexico above El Paso. The natives had killed over 400 of the province’s 2,500 foreigners, destroyed or sacked every Spanish building, and laid waste to the Spaniards’ fields. There could be no mistaking the deep animosity that some natives, men as well as their influential wives and mothers, held toward their former oppressors.... Some Pueblo leaders...urged an end to all things Spanish as well as Christian. After the fighting subsided, they counselled against speaking Castilian or planting crops introduced by the Europeans.”
David J. Weber, historian, The Spanish Frontier in North America, 1992
Which of the following most shaped the events described in the excerpt?
The establishment of African slavery in the Spanish colonies
The importance of Old World crops to the subsistence of Spanish colonial subjects
The demands of the encomienda system in the Spanish colonies
The amount of Spanish intermarriage with Native Americans
(2.2) Which region of the British North American colonies, nicknamed the “bread colonies,” was the most ethnically, religiously, and demographically diverse?
The Chesapeake colonies
The middle colonies
The New England colonies
The southernmost Atlantic colonies
(2.6) With the exception of the Dominion of New England, British governmental oversight of the North American colonies prior to 1750 was
closely aligned with colonial governments.
limited to the Southern colonies.
laissez-faire, or hands-off.
strong and consistent.
(1.3) Spanish mineral wealth from the Americas caused a shift toward
socialism.
mercantilism.
feudalism.
capitalism.
(2.6) Which 18th-century religious movement in the British colonies most clearly signified growing religious independence, diversity, and uniqueness?
The Great Awakening
Deism
The Enlightenment
Puritanism
(2.3) Which of the following best describes American Indian alliances with North American colonies during the 17th and early 18th centuries?
The alliances were singularly with the French.
The alliances were shifting, complex, and fragile.
The alliances were based mostly on religious connections.
The alliances were limited due to reductions in the fur trade.
The factors listed above contributed most to the —
election of British colonists to Parliament
growth of representative government in the British colonies
creation of alliances between British settlers and American Indians
expansion of British trade in the Americas
(3.5) Both enslaved and free Africans participated in the Revolutionary War
with the promise of freedom upon the defeat of the British
as military guides and scouts
in segregated units
at the protest of General Washington
“Young ladies in town, and those that live round,
Let a friend at this season advise you:
Since money’s so scarce, and times growing worse,
Strange things may soon hap and surprise you;
First then, throw aside your high top knots of pride,
Wear none but your own country linen,
Of Economy boast, let your pride be the most
To show clothes of your own make and spinning.”
The Daughters of Liberty Urge Americans to Boycott British Goods
(3.2) According to the excerpt, groups of patriotic women who called themselves “Daughters of Liberty” met to do which of the following?
shop for new linen and get their hair curled
sip tea and gossip about their neighbors
spin their own yarn and make their own cloth
bake goods to sell for their household needs
The following questions refer to the passage below.
“I long to hear that you have declared an independency—and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation. That your Sex are Naturally Tyrannical is a Truth so thoroughly established as to admit of no dispute, but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up the harsh title of Master for the more tender and endearing one of Friend. Why then, not put it out of the power of the vicious and the Lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with impunity. Men of Sense in all Ages abhor those customs which treat us only as the vassals of your Sex. Regard us then as Beings placed by providence under your protection and in imitation of the Supreme Being make use of that power only for our happiness.”
Letter of Abigail Adams to John Adams, Braintree, 31 March 1776
(3.5) Which of the following would most directly prompt Abigail Adams’ husband to disregard his wife’s plea for full citizenship rights?
his assumption that his wife was mentally deficient
his lack of time and attention while participating in the fight for American independence
his small amount of influence in the Continental Congress
his belief that women, like children, slaves, and non-propertied men, lacked the independence required of republican citizens
(3.7) Which of the following compromises at the constitutional convention was LEAST likely the result of regional and sectional differences in the United States?
The Slave Trade Compromise, which prohibited Congress from passing any legislation limiting or banning the importation of slaves for at least 20 years
The Three-Fifths Compromise, which counted five slaves as the equivalent of three whites for representation purposes in the House of Representatives
The Great Compromise, which provided for a bicameral legislature with states receiving proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate
The Executive Elections Compromise, which created an indirect election of the president through the Electoral College.
“Young ladies in town, and those that live round,
Let a friend at this season advise you:
Since money’s so scarce, and times growing worse,
Strange things may soon hap and surprise you;
First then, throw aside your high top knots of pride,
Wear none but your own country linen,
Of Economy boast, let your pride be the most
To show clothes of your own make and spinning.”
The Daughters of Liberty Urge Americans to Boycott British Goods
(3.2) The excerpt most clearly demonstrates that colonial women participated in the struggle against unfair British measures as
consumers refusing to purchase imported British goods.
rioters protesting in the streets against royal officials.
laundresses accompanying the colonial troops fighting the British.
spies gathering information about the Loyalists in their areas.
(3.5) Which of the following was an outcome of the American Revolution?
It was widely condemned overseas for protecting the interests of colonial elites.
It generated a new spirit of equality, dramatically improving relations with Indian tribes.
It halted the westward movement of settlers for a generation.
It inspired a number of independence movements across the world.
3.2 One direct long-term effect of the Proclamation Line’s prohibition of colonial settlement west of the Appalachians was
the American Revolution because colonists resented the king’s ban on their territorial gains.
the end of the Spanish empire in the Americas because of the British annexation of Canada.
the Spanish alliance with the former French inhabitants of Florida.
the establishment of peaceful relations between the colonists and the Indians.
The following questions refer to the passage below.
“I long to hear that you have declared an independency—and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation. That your Sex are Naturally Tyrannical is a Truth so thoroughly established as to admit of no dispute, but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up the harsh title of Master for the more tender and endearing one of Friend. Why then, not put it out of the power of the vicious and the Lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with impunity. Men of Sense in all Ages abhor those customs which treat us only as the vassals of your Sex. Regard us then as Beings placed by providence under your protection and in imitation of the Supreme Being make use of that power only for our happiness.”
Letter of Abigail Adams to John Adams, Braintree, 31 March 1776
3.5 The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following developments?
During the American Revolution, women participated in the Continental Congress.
The American Revolution was motivated by colonists’ desire to revise the legal code.
The American Revolution created an increased awareness of inequalities in society among some women.
During the American Revolution, women’s religious fervor increased.
3.8 Which of the following served as a catalyst for the 1794 domestic insurgency known as the Whiskey Rebellion?
High interest rates
An excise tax
The Panic of 1793
Farm foreclosures
The following questions refer to the passage below.
“I long to hear that you have declared an independency—and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation. That your Sex are Naturally Tyrannical is a Truth so thoroughly established as to admit of no dispute, but such of you as wish to be happy willingly give up the harsh title of Master for the more tender and endearing one of Friend. Why then, not put it out of the power of the vicious and the Lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with impunity. Men of Sense in all Ages abhor those customs which treat us only as the vassals of your Sex. Regard us then as Beings placed by providence under your protection and in imitation of the Supreme Being make use of that power only for our happiness.”
Letter of Abigail Adams to John Adams, Braintree, 31 March 1776
3.5 Which of the following was the most direct effect on women of the new nation’s need for an informed citizenry?
the admission of women to formerly all-male colleges
the development of the ideology of republican motherhood
the decline of educational opportunities available to women
the extension of voting rights to all white women
3.6 Which of the following exposed the inability of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation to put down civil unrest and prompted calls for a new, stronger central government?
The Whiskey Rebellion
The Regulator uprisings
The Stono Rebellion
Shays’ Rebellion
3.8 Which of the following was NOT a provision of Hamilton’s financial plan?
Placing an excise tax on whiskey
Taxing the states to pay off the war debt
Consolidating and assuming states’ debts
Creating a national bank
3.4 John Adams served as the defense attorney for the redcoats involved in the Boston Massacre because he
was appointed by the courts and thus had not choice in the matter
had witnessed the Boston Massacre and knew exactly what had happened
insisted on the soldiers’ right to representation and a jury trial
wanted to gain recognition throughout the colonies
3.1 According to the map, which of the following was west of the Proclamation Line of 1763?
the French territories of Loudoun and Detroit
the colonists’ settlements of Ohio and Mississippi
land reserved for the tribes that had supported the British in the French and Indian War
land reserved for the colonial American veterans of the French and Indian War
3.6 The Articles of Confederation suffered from all of the following weaknesses EXCEPT
prohibiting amendments to the original articles.
disallowing direct taxation of the states or individuals.
lacking an executive branch and federal court system.
requiring a two-thirds majority vote to pass legislation.
3.8 The XYZ Affair, Sedition Act, and Convention of 1800
convinced Jeffersonians that the Federalists were eager for war with France.
reinforced American isolationism and non-involvement in European affairs.
led to debates over how to interpret the Constitution and balance power among the three branches of the federal government.
demonstrated the challenges America faced as result of the French Revolution and the spread of its ideals.
3.8 President Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issues in response to
French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance
Dutch economic activity in the mid-Atlantic states
Canadian alliances with northern American Indians
Spanish expansion in the Southeast
3.4 Which of the following persuaded France to join the Revolutionary War?
The British rejection of the Olive Branch Petition
The arguments against the monarchy advanced in Common Sense
The outcome of the Battle of Saratoga
The list of grievances against the king in the Declaration of Independence
3.5 In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790’s prompted
the acquisition of Puerto Rico for colonization by emancipated slaves
a movement of free African American’s to Haiti
the passage of a federal law increasing the severity of punishments for slave rebellions
an increased fear of slave revolts in the South
3.8 Which of the following was NOT a provision of the 1783 Treaty of Paris
Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation
The United States would pay all its current debts to Great Britain
Britain would give up the right to colonize any part of North America
The United States owned all North American territory east of the Mississippi River
3.1 In the decades before the American Revolution, the English colonial westward movement
disrupted the existing French–Indian fur trade.
reinforced the existing national identity of settlers.
introduced firearms and horses to Indian tribes on the frontier.
resulted in cultural blending with American Indians.
3.4 During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to
facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations
rally all the states behind a common cause
convince the British of the justice of the American cause
make it easier to levy taxes on the citizens of the several states
3.3 The Declaration of Independence includes all the following EXCEPT
a list of specific grievances against the king
a discussion of slavery
an explanation of reasons for the separation from Great Britain
an official declaration of war against Great Britain
3.3 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was
seen as too radical by many of the founding fathers.
directly responsible for King George III formally declaring the colonies in rebellion.
a widely read criticism of continued British rule of the colonies.
written in response to the Declaration of Independence.
3,2 At the same time that Parliament imposed the Stamp Act, it also passed the Quartering Act, which required
Americans to vacate their houses or take in British troops on the demand of any commander.
that treasonous Americans be hanged and “quartered”; that is, cut into four pieces by the hangman.
that collectors of the Stamp Tax receive a commission of one-quarter of the revenue they took in.
colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops sent to America to protect and observe them.
3.5 The final version of the Declaration of Independence eliminated a reference to slavery as “cruel war against human nature” because
the southern delegates would not otherwise vote in favor of the Declaration
the delegates felt that the question of slavery was not relevant to the question of American independence
the majority of the delegates in Congress supported slave trade
the delegates agreed that this was not the right time in history to free the slaves
3.1 Which of the following events most directly contributed to the establishment of the Proclamation Line of 1763?
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Shays’s Rebellion
Boston Massacre
Bacon’s Rebellion
3.4 Despite England’s superior military, industrialized economy, and larger population, the colonists were ultimately able to succeed in their war for independence because they possessed all of the following EXCEPT
overwhelming popular support.
greater familiarity with the land.
a deep ideological commitment.
superior political leadership.
3.6 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787, considered by many to be the greatest success of the Articles of Confederation Congress apart from the Declaration of Independence, did all of the following EXCEPT
set aside large reservations for Indian tribes in the area, guaranteeing a generation of mostly peaceful relations with American Indians.
prohibit slavery north of the Ohio River between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.
resolve the western land claims of the original 13 states and create a process for territories to eventually gain statehood.
promising all citizens of the new states the right to a trial and protection from cruel and unusual punishment.
3.8 Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington’s administration because it
invited Americans to settle in Texas
opened Spanish Caribbean ports to American trade
ceded Florida to the United States
allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans
(4.2) Which of the following describes Jefferson’s approach to the opportunity to purchase Louisiana in 1802?
Unsure of the extent of his presidential powers, Jefferson procrastinated until Congress forced him to act.
In keeping with his strict constructionist view of the Constitution, Jefferson jumped on the opportunity.
Jefferson delayed so that he could obtain a constitutional amendment allowing presidential land purchases.
The opportunity led Jefferson to revise his view of the presidential powers granted by the Constitution
(4.4)How did the disruption in Atlantic shipping prior to and during the War of 1812 significantly affect the U.S. economy?
Cotton sales from southern states to Europe increased.
Americans emigrated to Europe to find manufacturing jobs.
American industries expanded to provide replacements for foreign goods.
Imports of raw materials increased in the Northeast.
(4.2)Which of the following was true of the “Era of Good Feeling”?
There was apparent political harmony.
It saw a rise in nationalism and an end to sectionalism.
There was an absence of economic debate in this period.
Americans embraced state loyalties rather than national ones.
“It is not only important, but, in a degree necessary, that the people of this country, should have an American Dictionary of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England, . . . yet some differences must exist. Language is the expression of ideas; and if the people of one country cannot preserve an identity of ideas, they cannot retain an identity of language. . . . But the principal differences between the people of this country and of all others, arise from different forms of government, different laws, institutions and customs. Thus the . . . feudal system of England originated terms which formed . . . a necessary part of the language of that country; but, in the United States, many of these terms are no part of our present language,—and they cannot be, for the things which they express do not exist in this country. . . . The institutions in this country which are new and peculiar, give rise to new terms or to new applications of old terms, unknown to the people of England; which cannot be explained by them and which will not be inserted in their dictionaries, unless copied from ours. . . . No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, and assembly, court, [etc.] for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country.”
Noah Webster, “Preface,” An American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828
(4.1)The national identity described in the excerpt most strongly reflects the influence of which of the following?
Independence movements and revolutions in Europe and Latin America
European precedents along with an American national culture
The English feudal system in which lords and landowners dominated vassals and farmers
Antislavery activism in the United States and Europe
(4.2)Which of the following stipulations was included in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819?
Britain agreed to limit its naval forces in the Great Lakes.
Spain ceded Florida to the United States.
Britain reimbursed American shippers for wartime damages.
The 49th parallel became the border between Canada and the United States.
(4.3)The Louisiana Territory was purchased from
Louisiana
Britain
Spain
France
(4.5)Which of the following was an outcome of the end of the rural outwork system of manufacturing (cottage industry) in the 1820s and 1830s?
Workers’ autonomy increased.
Employers lost control over their workplaces.
Workers’ wages decreased.
Women were shut out of the manufacturing process.
(4.3)The Embargo Acts and the War of 1812 were similar in that both events dealt with a conflict involving the –
the launching of Protective Tariffs
British Impressment of sailors
Supreme Court Decisions against England and France
emerging manufacturing in the Northeast
(4.3)Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality (1793), Jefferson’s Embargo Act (1807), and the Monroe Doctrine (1823) were all effects of–
England refusing to work with America on foreign policies
America trying to avoid European conflicts
America joining with European countries to form military alliances
America not liking European trade policies
(4.2)What prohibited trade with any other country?
Embargo Act
Macon's Bill
Monroe Doctrine
Non-Intercourse Act
(4.3)What event is an antecedent to the Embargo Act?
Burr kills Hamilton
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
the War of 1812
The XYZ Affair
(4.3)What ended the War of 1812?
Treaty of Paris 1783
Treaty of D.C.
Jay's Treaty
Treaty of Ghent
(4.2)The Lewis and Clarke expedition did all of the following EXCEPT-
Improve our cartography in the Louisiana region
Destabilize Native American Relationships in the region
Introduce new flora and fauna to Americans
Antagonize Russia, Spain, and England
(4.2)Which of the following best explains the cause of the emergence of new political parties in the early nineteenth century?
Growing agreement regarding the issue of slavery
Persistent concern over the influence of foreign powers
Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government
Declining support for westward territorial expansion
(4.5)In the early 1830’s, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were
men who were heads of households
young unmarried women from rural New England
married women whose children were of school age
newly arrived immigrants from Ireland
U.S. Roads and Canals, 1837
Nancy A. Hewitt and Steven F. Lawson, Exploring American Histories, Bedford/St. Martin's, p. 266. Reprinted by permission.
(4.4)The expansion of the U.S. transportation network by 1837, as shown in the map above, benefitted MOST from which of the following technological advances?
The telegraph
Textile machinery
Interchangeable parts
The steam engine
(4.3)What promised to embargo a country's enemy if they promised the US neutrality at sea?
Macon's Bill
Pickney's Treaty
Embargo Act
Non-Intercourse Act
(4.3)Which answer is in chronological order?
Burning of DC, Battle of Lake Erie, Battle of New Orleans, Treaty of Ghent
Battle of New Orleans, Battle of Lake Erie, Burning of DC, Treaty of Ghent
Burning of DC, Battle of Lake Erie, Battle of New Orleans, Treaty of Ghent
Burning of DC, Battle of Lake Erie, Treaty of Ghent, Battle of New Orleans
(4.5)In the 1850s, which of the following groups would have been most likely to benefit from the changes depicted on the maps?
Mexicans who remained in the southwestern United States
American Indians
African Americans
Immigrants from western Europe
(4.2)What did the Hartford Convention, Virginia and Kentucky Acts, and some Marshall Court decisions all have in common?
They all resulted from political compromises between the federal government and the affected states involved.
They all demonstrated the nativist backlash against German and Irish immigrants who were coming in record numbers to America.
They illustrated attempts by the federal government to assert greater control over the states and the resistance those attempts created.
They all dealt with the contentious issue of the extension of slavery into the Louisiana Purchase territory or the Mexican cession.
(4.2)The Hartford Convention led to what outcomes?
the end of the Democratic-Republican Party, 2/3 vote required for declarations of war
the end of the Whig Party, 2/3 vote required for declarations of war
the end of the Democratic-Republican Party, simple majority vote required for declarations of war
the end of the Federalist Party, 2/3 vote required for declarations of war
(4.2)Which of the following correctly characterizes the War of 1812?
Federalist support for the war reinvigorated the party and allowed it to thrive for another 20 years.
Broad popular support for the war effort temporarily eased sectional divisions over slavery and economic policy.
The United States won a decisive victory against the British and gained valuable new land on the frontier as a result.
The United States was able to reassert sovereignty over its existing western lands and remove Britain’s military presence.
(4.3)Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and President Monroe presented what to Congress that challenged European colonization?
Adams-Onis Treaty
Adams-Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
Rush-Bagot Treaty
(4.3)What is gained by the Louisiana Purchase?
Rich Fishing areas in the Great Lakes
Warm-water ports on the Atlantic Coasts
Vast coal reserves in Pennsylvania
Full Control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
(4.1) The painting above is best understood in the context of
increased migration from Europe to the United States.
U.S. dominance over the North American continent.
the emergence of a new national culture.
federal efforts to assert authority over the states.
(4.2)“If any one proposition could command the universal assent of mankind, we might expect it would be this: that the government of the Union, though limited in its powers, is supreme within its sphere of action. This would seem to result necessarily from its nature. It is the government of all; its powers are delegated by all; it represents all, and acts for all. Though any one State may be willing to control its operations, no State is willing to allow others to control them. The nation, on those subjects on which it can act, must necessarily bind its component parts.… Although, among the enumerated powers of government, we do not find the word ‘bank’ or ‘incorporation,’ we find the great powers to lay and collect taxes; to borrow money; to regulate commerce; to declare and conduct a war; and to raise and support armies and navies…a government, intrusted with such ample powers…must also be instructed with ample means for their execution.…We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void.”
Chief Justice John Marshall, McCullough v. Maryland, 1819
The ideas expressed in the excerpt above can best be understood in the context of debates over
the relationship between the federal government and state governments.
how to match democratic political ideals to political institutions.
the authority of different branches of the federal government.
the scope of the federal government’s role in the economy.
(4.8)What economic plan wanted to raise tariffs, use federal money for roads, and strengthen the federal bank?
Alexander Hamilton's 15 point plan
Macon's Bill #2
Henry Clay's American System
Monroe's Good Feelings Plan
(4.2)Aaron Burr-
Killed Hamilton, encouraged New England to secede while he was Governor, helped write the Federalist Papers
Ran for president, tried to steal Mexico, encouraged New England to secede
Ran for president, stole Mexico, encouraged the South to secede
Killed a former president, tried to steal Florida, encouraged New England to secede
(4.2)What court case set the precedent of Judicial Review?
Fletcher v Peck
Marbury v. Madison
Gibbons v. Ogden
McCulloch v. Maryland
(4.2)Which court cases set the precedent of federal supremacy with regards to interstate travel?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Fletcher v. Peck
McCulloch v. Maryland
Martin v. Hunter's Lease
(4.2)Which of the following best explains the cause of the emergence of new political parties in the early nineteenth century?
Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government
Declining support for westward territorial expansion
Growing agreement regarding the issue of slavery
Persistent concern over the influence of foreign powers
(4.7) In the antebellum period, free African Americans were
educated in integrated schools in most northern states
protected from kidnapping under stringent provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act
able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination
given the right of suffrage in most states
(4.9) Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Bank of the United States partly because he believed that the bank
was overly subsidized by state tax monies
concentrated too much power in the hands of a few people
was secretly funding the abolitionist movement
gave too many loans to assist unstable state and local banks
(4.11) “The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals . . . to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been . . . collected would prove this . . . ; and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. . . . [The American Temperance Society’s] object is . . . the exertion of kind moral influence . . . to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease.”
Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835
Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement?
The abstention from alcohol would extend American life expectancy.
The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement’s goals.
The formation of a national movement would eliminate the consumption of alcohol.
The development of treatments for alcoholism would change the habits of men.
(4.6) Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the South’s economy.
Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required White guardianship.
Slavery was condoned in the Bible.
Most White families owned slaves.
(4.4) Which of the following was NOT a result of antebellum technological innovations such as textile machinery, the steam engine, the telegraph, and the use of interchangeable parts?
Increased industrial output and worker productivity
The expanded size and scope of domestic markets
A revolution in farming and agriculture
The heightened isolation of rural Americans
(4.10) The development of the Second Great Awakening can best be linked to which of the following historical situations?
The market revolution led to a larger number of Americans working for wages.
Ideals of Romanticism caused more people to question the principles of the nation's founders.
Increased geographical mobility aided travel to new regions and the sharing of ideas.
The growing abolitionist movement was predominately influenced by northern Protestant Christians.
(4.8) Which of the following was NOT true about the 1820 Missouri Compromise?
It allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state and Missouri to enter as a slave state.
It temporarily settled the issue of slavery but was eventually weakened and ultimately overturned.
It barred slavery north of the 36°30' line in future states from the Louisiana Purchase territory.
It successfully removed the conversation of slavery from the national stage until after Grant’s presidency.
What contributed most to the process illustrated in the maps above?
The rise in the number of free African Americans in the South
The outlawing of the international slave trade
The overcultivation of arable land in the Southeast
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
(4.11) Antebellum era reform movements such as abolitionism, temperance, and women’s rights had their origins in all of the following EXCEPT
the Second Great Awakening.
liberal European social ideas.
beliefs in human perfectibility.
the Monroe Doctrine.
Map of Slave Populations in 1820 and 1860
The maps above most clearly demonstrate which of the following antebellum-era historical
processes?
The rise of abolitionist and other voluntary reform organizations
The attempts of the United States to dominate the North American continent
The free and forced migration of peoples across the continent
The acceleration of a national religious revival
(4.2) In which of the following areas were political debates LEAST affected by regional and sectional differences in the first half of the 19th century?
Tariff rates
Industrialization
The expansion of white male suffrage
Promotion of the War of 1812
(4.7) During the 1800s the most common form of resistance to slavery by slaves themselves was
working slowly and breaking tools
rebelling openly, using weapons, and planning confrontations
escaping to Canada via the Underground Railroad
organizing petitions and demonstrations against slavery
(4.9) Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT
annexation of new territory
the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States
Indian removal
the right of nullification
(4.3) Which of the following treaties is correctly matched with its description?
Adams-Onis Treaty—acquired Florida from Spain
Jay’s Treaty—ended the War of 1812
Webster-Ashburton Treaty—ended the Quasi-War with France
Treaty of Ghent—settled boundary disputes with Canada
(4.10) “Joseph Smith... came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life without social standing or institutional backing. His family rarely attended church. Yet in the fourteen years he headed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Smith created a religious culture that survived his death, flourished in the most desolate regions of the United States, and continues to grow worldwide....In 1830 at the age of twenty-four, he published the Book of Mormon....He built cities and temples and gathered thousands of followers before he was killed at age thirty-eight.”
Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism’s Founder, 2005
The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following?
The increased acceptance of Catholics
The Second Great Awakening
The ideal of republican motherhood
The abolitionist movement
(4.9) An important consequence of the “tariff of abominations” (1828) is that it led to the
taxation of consumer items
reelection of Andrew Jackson
alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers
enunciation of the doctrine of nullification
(4.5) Which of the following statements best describes the Lowell system?
It revolutionized the production of steel in the United States.
It relied exclusively on cheap immigrant labor to undercut competitors.
It involved using mill girls from rural areas to work in textile factories.
It was so successful that it was eventually adopted throughout the United States and England.
(4.5) The expansion of the U.S. transportation network by 1837, as shown in the map above, benefited MOST from which of the following technological advances?
The telegraph
Custom parts
The steam engine
Textile machinery
(4.6) One impact of the widespread cultivation of cotton and other cash crops in the South was the
rapid growth of textile mills and other manufacturing throughout the South.
increasing economic isolation of the South from the rest of the country.
increased political power the South was able to wield in Congress.
creation of a more economically and socially egalitarian society in the South.
(4.9) Which of the following early American political parties most vocally championed the “common man,” welcomed immigrants, and benefitted from the expansion of voting rights to most white males?
The Democrats
The Democratic-Republicans
The Whigs
The Federalists
(4.5) During the 1840s and 1850s, which set of immigrant groups arrived in unprecedented numbers, resulting in a nativist backlash in popular culture?
Dutch and French
Italians and Greeks
Irish and Germans
Scots-Irish and Welsh
(4.8) “I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . .
“. . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . .
“. . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition.”
Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837.
The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War?
Arguments describing slavery as a “positive good” weakened the impact of abolitionist efforts to encourage White northerners to support emancipation.
Many abolitionist groups in the North began to question the accounts of harsh treatment described by escaped slaves who made it to freedom.
Very few members of Congress accepted Calhoun’s “positive good” argument, and they became more open to passing laws limiting slaveholding and the internal slave trade.
As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult.
(4.6) “Still, though a slaveholder, I freely acknowledge my obligations as a man; and I am bound to treat humanely the fellow creatures whom God has entrusted to my charge. ... It is certainly in the interest of all, and I am convinced it is the desire of every one of us, to treat our slaves with proper kindness.”
— Letter from former South Carolina governor James Henry Hammond, 1845
“Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of Liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and denounce ... slavery ‘the great sin and shame of America’!”
— Frederick Douglass, speech titled “The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro,” 1852
The excerpt from James Henry Hammond is most clearly an example of which of the following developments in the mid-19th century?
The growing tendency among Southern slaveholders to justify slavery as a positive good
The decline of slavery in Southern states as a result of gradual emancipation laws
The expanding use of moral arguments by Northern antislavery activists
The increasingly restrictive nature of slavery in the South enforced by stronger slave codes
(4.5) In the 1850’s, the South differed from the North in that the South had
less interest in evangelical religion
fewer European immigrants
a better-developed transportation system
a better-educated White population
(4.9) Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that
an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic
political participation by the common man should be increased
political rights should be granted to women
the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people
(4.3) Which of the following best describes the Monroe Doctrine?
It was a treaty with England in which the British promised to confine all of their future colonization to the Eastern Hemisphere.
It was an economic policy by President Monroe to revive the American economy by lowering tariffs and promoting manufacturing.
It was an American pronouncement to European countries not to interfere with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere.
It was an attempt to relocate American Indian tribes on the Great Plains to reservations and begin the process of cultural assimilation.
(4.8) What did the forced relocation of American Indians and the internal slave trade both have in common?
Most Whigs strongly supported both, while most Democrats strongly opposed both.
They were in direct violation of specific Supreme Court rulings.
They were driven by efforts to exploit the nation’s natural resources.
Most Northern migrants to the frontier were firmly opposed to each.
(4.5) Which of the following movements, glorifying women’s role as homemakers, resulted in part from the increasing separation between home and the workplace brought on by industrialization?
Bloomerism
The Gibson Girls
Republican Motherhood
The Cult of Domesticity
(4.8) “I do not belong, said Mr. [Calhoun], to the school which holds that aggression is to be met by concession. . . . If we concede an inch, concession would follow concession—compromise would follow compromise, until our ranks would be so broken that effectual resistance would be impossible. . . .
“. . . A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would believe it to be an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. . . .
“. . . Abolition and the Union cannot coexist. As the friend of the Union, I openly proclaim it—and the sooner it is known the better. The former may now be controlled, but in a short time it will be beyond the power of man to arrest the course of events. We of the South will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. . . . But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil—far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition.”
Source: South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837.
Which of the following resulted from arguments made by Southern politicians, such as the one in the excerpt, in the years prior to the Civil War?
Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life.
Congress passed legislation guaranteeing slavery in the South to show that the slave system was not threatened.
Many people in the South who depended on the labor of enslaved people nevertheless became more willing to admit that slavery was a sin.
Congress passed legislation banning slavery in the South to show that the slave system was not necessary.
All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the
massive exodus of former slaves from the South
response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment
election of former Confederates to Congress
enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures
The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act institued popular sovereignty to
admit Kansas as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state
prohibit slavery above Missouri's southern border
assure that Congress had a constitutional right to establish or abolish slavery in new territories
allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there
On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in
total population
firearms production
experienced military leadership
railroad mileage
Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was
possible British recognition of the Confederacy
Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo
French objections to the Union blockade
British insistence on the abolition of slavery
(5.2) "Article 2: [T]he United States now solemnly agrees that no persons... shall ever be permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in... this reservation for the use of said Indians.
"Article 6: If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he shall have the privilege to select...a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding three hundred and twenty acres in extent.
"Article 11: [T]he tribes who are parties to this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy permanently the territory outside their reservations but yet reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase. They will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads now being built on the plains. They will not attack any persons at home, or travelling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States."
Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, agreed between the United States government and various bands of the Sioux nation, 1868
Article 6 of the treaty most likely reflected which of the following sentiments?
A wish by some in government to protect American Indian landholdings from encroachments by railroads
A need felt by many American Indians to more clearly legitimize their claims to the land
A hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers
A desire by many American Indians to change their way of life
The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT:
Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.
The use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting.
God had selected America as a chosen land and people.
Westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial.
"Whether you are or are not, entitled to all the rights of citizenship in this country has long been a matter of dispute to your prejudice. By enlisting in the service of your country at this trial hour, and upholding the National Flag, you stop the mouths of [cynics] and win applause even from the iron lips of ingratitude. Enlist and you make this your country in common with all other men born in the country or out of it.
He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country and have that claim respected. Thus in defending your country now against rebels and traitors you are defending your own liberty, honor, manhood and self-respect. [H]istory shall record the names of heroes and martyrs who bravely answered the call of patriotism and Liberty-against traitors, thieves and assassins-let it not be said that in the long list of glory, composed of men of all nations-there appears the name of no colored man."
Frederick Douglass, excerpt from an editorial, April 1863
Which of the following best explains Douglass point of view in the excerpt?
Once African American men enlisted, Northern White soldiers would accept them as equals.
African American enlistment would enable the Union Army to prevail in the Civil War.
Shared sacrifice would help advance African American men's claims to United States citizenship.
Northern politicians overwhelmingly favored enlistment of African Americans in the Union Army
A significant result of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 was that the United States
freed Texas from Mexican rule
won control of Cuba from Spain
experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery
suffered a military defeat
Which of the following was a common justification in the United States for the trend depicted in the map?
The interest in greater access to trade with the British colonies in the Americas
The intention to assimilate Plains Indians into White society
The desire for better relations with Mexico
The belief in White cultural and political superiority
In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with
guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote
protecting the powers of the southern state governments established under Andrew Johnson
protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves
ending slavery
Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century?
The growing nativist movement sought to place restrictions on new immigrants.
The belief in Manifest Destiny encouraged settlers to move to the West.
The rise of industry in the North created more demand for raw materials such as cotton.
The Mexican-American War incorporated extensive new lands into the United States.
Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT
the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South
the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery
the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions
differences over the morality and future of slavery
All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the
passage of the Wilmot Proviso
enforcement of a new fugitive slave law
proposal of the Ostend Manifesto
decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case
In his inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln-
Made a declaration of war
Promised to expand slavery
Promised to end slavery everywhere
Declared secession illegal
During Reconstruction, a major economic development in the South was the
spread of sharecropping
creation of large commercial and banking centers
rise of large-scale commercial farming
decline of the textile industry
"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep ... The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right."
George Fitzhugh, from Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857
The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that
capitalism was the economic system most likely to generate wealth and happiness for the most people
slaves lived better than northern factory workers
slavery was immoral
the South needed to change to survive
Which of the following was the MOST important reason why immigrants tended to cluster in ethnic communities during the antebellum period?
The majority of immigrants came from urban areas of Europe
Native-born whites had already settled the majority of America's productive farmland.
It allowed immigrants to retain their languages and customs to a greater degree.
Local and state laws restricted their movements.
"With regard to the northwestern States, to which the ordinance of 1787 was applied—Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan—no one now believes that any one of those States, if they thought proper to do it, has not just as much a right to introduce slavery within her borders as Virginia has a right to maintain the existence of slavery within hers.
"Then, if in this struggle of power and empire between the two classes of states a decision of California has taken place adverse to the wishes of the southern States, it is a decision not made by the General [federal] Government; it is a decision respecting which they cannot complain to the General Government. It is a decision made by California herself, and which California had incontestably a right to make under the Constitution of the United States. . . . The question of slavery, either of its introduction or interdiction, is silent as respects the action of this [federal] Government; and if it has been decided, it has been by a different body—by a different power—by California herself, who had a right to make that decision."
Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850
The position expressed by Clay in the excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following?
Nativist groups opposed incorporating new states into the Union.
The United States Senate could not agree on treaty terms with Mexico.
The acquistion of new territories created disputes over the expansion of slavery.
Northern politicians showed less interest in California than Southern politicians.
"It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 1863
Lincoln's main purpose in the excerpt was to
propose expanded democratic voting rights
advocate racial equality
gain continued support for the war effort
encourage the punishment of the South
In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to
preserve the Union
prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs
average political defeats and insults inflicted by the South
liberate the slaves
"The American Republicans of the city and county of Philadelphia, who are determined to support the NATIVE [White, Protestant] AMERICANS in their Constitutional Rights of peaceably assembling to express their opinions on any question of Public Policy, and to SUSTAIN THEM AGAINST THE ASSAULTS OF ALIENS AND FOREIGNERS are requested to assemble on MONDAY AFTERNOON, May 6th, 1844 at 4 o'clock, at the corner of Master and Second street, Kensington (a section of Philadelphia), to express their indignation [anger] at the outrage on Friday evening last, which was perpetrated by the Irish Catholics."
Text from a poster announcing a meeting of the American Republican Party, later renamed the American Party, Philadelphia, 1844
Which of the following historical situations can best be used to explain how the excerpt would have been interpreted at the time?
The expansion of manufacturing in the South
The decline of the international slave trade
The start of the women's rights movement
The rise in immigration to the United States
Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin?
It sparked an unprecedented discussion about race and slavery in the United States and abroad.
It portrayed slaves as good-natured but unintelligent and unable to care for themselves.
The book did not sell well until after the Civil War had begun, but it eventually made Stowe a rich woman.
The novel was made into an emotionally charged stage play that was banned throughout the North and South.
Slaves who ran away toward Union troops were
Killed
Returned to their masters
Considered "contrabands of war"
Immediately enlisted into the US Army
At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following expectations EXCEPT:
The South’s superior industrial resources would give it an advantage over the North.
The justice of the South’s cause would prevail.
Great Britain would intervene on the side of the South in order to preserve its source of cotton.
Northern unity in the struggle against the Southern states would eventually break.
The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in
Lincoln's suspension of habeas corupus in the South
the draft riots in New York City
Thoreau's denunciation of the war
Sherman's march to Atlanta
The cartoon above is intended to express
opposition to women’s rights
opposition to states' rights
support for strong government
a critique of Reconstruction
In the late nineteenth century, state governments in the South were largely successful in restricting
state laws allowing married women to own property
corruption in the federal government
the power of the Democratic Party in the region
African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment
The cartoon above is best understood in the context of the
variety of proposals leaders made that ultimately failed to reduce sectional conflict
North's increasing reliance on a free-labor manufacturing economy.
weakening of loyalties to the two major parties.
willingness of abolitionists to use violence to achieve their goals.
"We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain.. that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities... are unauthorized by the constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State..."
South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832.
Arguments similar to those expressed in the excerpt were later employed to justify which of the following?
The secession of most Southern states
The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment
The entry into the Mexican-American War
The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
