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Unit Assessment: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Total questions: 108

Worksheet time: 3hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued  
a)
That heaven did not exist
b)
That Earth revolved around the sun
c)
Against the law of gravity
d)
That the sun revolved around the Earth
2.
According to Copernicus, the sun  
a)
Revolved around the earth
b)
Was the center of the Universe
c)
Was the biggest star
d)
 Had many moons
3.
What was Isaac Newton’s biggest contribution to the scientific revolution?  
a)
Laws of Gravity
b)
Heliocentric theory
c)
Geocentric theory 
d)
Scientific Method
4.
What did Kepler add to Copernicus’ heliocentric theory?  
a)
That Jupiter had four moons
b)
That the planets revolved around the earth 
c)
That the sun was the biggest star
d)
That the planets move in an ellipses around the sun
5.
Scientist began questioning the teachings of the.......
a)
Roman Catholic Church
b)
Jewish Church
c)
God
d)
The Government
6.
What did Galileo Improve?
a)
The astrolabe
b)
the stars
c)
The Telescope
d)
cat food.
7.
What did the geocentric theory state?
a)
The sun was at the center of the universe
b)
The earth was at the center of the universe
8.
What is the heliocentric theory?
a)
There is no sun
b)
The sun is smaller than the Earth
c)
The sun is the center of the universe
d)
The Earth in the center of the universe
9.
Scientist began using _____________ and _______________ instead of placing their beliefs in faith.
a)
History and faith
b)
Math and Science
c)
Math and History
d)
reason and logic
10.
Who developed the Law of Gravity and Motion?
a)
Sir Francis Bacon
b)
Issac Newton
c)
John Locke
d)
Ptolemy
11.
The United States has three branches of government due to this philosopher
a)
Rousseau
b)
Voltaire
c)
Locke
d)
Montesquieu
12.
This philosopher believed that people have three natural rights; life, liberty, and property
a)
John Locke
b)
Voltaire
c)
Rousseau
d)
Montesquieu
13.
This philosopher was also and author who wrote about women's rights
a)
Catherine the Great
b)
Rousseau
c)
Wollstonecraft
d)
Voltaire
14.
Differently, Rousseau and Hobbes believed in this, an agreement people make with the government.
a)
Constitution
b)
Loyalty Oath
c)
Social Contract
d)
Bill of Rights
15.

The ability of one branch of government to limit the power of the other is called ___.

a)

a natural law

b)

separation of powers or checks and balances

c)

a social contract

d)

laissez-faire

16.
What did Thomas Hobbes believe?
a)
Humans should hurt other humans
b)
Humans were naturally cruel, selfish, and greedy
c)
Humans are all so kind and wonderful
d)
Humans should go to church every day
17.
Enlightenment ideals had little or no impact on Europe and the rest of the world.
a)
True
b)
False
18.
A government leader who has all the power
a)
Democracy
b)
Anarchy
c)
Absolute Monarchy
d)
Separation of Powers
19.
This philosopher believed in freedom of speech and freedom of religion
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Hobbes
c)
Locke
d)
Voltaire
20.

According to Rousseau, citizens have a right to rebel if the government:

a)

Raises taxes

b)

Makes you mad

c)

Gets a new leader you don't like

d)

Breaks the social contract

21.
Bacon, Galileo, and Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on experimentation & ________.
a)
observation
b)
guessing
c)
research
d)
what your friends say
22.
During the Scientific Revolution the heliocentric view of the universe was first proposed by __.
a)
Ptolemy
b)
Francis Bacon
c)
Isaac Newton
d)
Nicolaus Copernicus
23.
Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on
a)
Experimentation and observation
b)
The experiences of past civilizations
c)
Emotions and feelings
d)
The teachings of the CatholicChurch
24.
Which pair of ideas was central to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
Social stability and economic self-­‐sufficiency
b)
Observation and experimentation
c)
Technology and military expansion
d)
Scarcity and interdependence
25.
Which best describes the scientific method in the appropriate steps?
a)
Analyze data, research, and experiment
b)
Experiment, research, question, and analyze data
c)
Question, hypothesize, experiment, analyze data
d)
Research, analyze data, and experiment if needed
26.
Which statement best describes the works of Nicolas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and Rene Descartes?
a)
The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened
b)
The scientific method was used to solve problems
c)
Funding to education was increased by the English government
d)
Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.
27.

The Scientific Revolution happened during the?

a)

1500s and 1600s

b)

1000s and 1200s

c)

1340s and 1430s

28.

Ptolemy came up with what theory?

a)

Heliocentric

b)

Geocentric

29.

Galileo improved what invention that was used to look further into space?

a)

Quadrant

b)

Telescope

c)

Sail

30.

What is an astronomer?

a)

Someone who studies landscapes

b)

Someone who studies books

c)

Someone who studies the stars and planets

d)

Someone who studies history

31.

The idea that religion should not be involved with government is called:

a)

Separation of Powers

b)

Separation of Church and State

c)

Religious Tolerance

d)

Natural Rights

32.

Many Kings before and during the Enlightenment believed that they were given the right to rule from God. This idea is called:

a)

Natural Right to rule

b)

Divine Right

c)

Unlimited Power

d)

Absolute Monarchy

33.
The Enlightenment?
a)
was based upon the assumption that science and reason can explain all things.
b)
rejected the claims of modern science
c)
was widely attacked by the royalty and nobility of Europe
d)
regarded human progress as an impossibility "in this best of all possible worlds
34.
Believed that everyone was born with inalienable rights that the government was responsible for protecting
a)
John Locke
b)
Thomas Hobbes
c)
Sir Isaac Newton
d)
Montesquieu
35.
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar in that they:
a)
strengthened the economy.
b)
led to the Cold War.
c)
rejected civil rights.
d)
encouraged new ideas.
36.

Prior to the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, what were the two main sources of thinking about the natural world?

a)

The words of Julius Caesar and the teachings of Buddha

b)

The words of Cleopatra and the Mayan calendar

c)

The teachings of Confucius and the U.S. Constitution

d)

The words of the Bible and the teachings of Ptolemy and Aristotle.

37.
Enlightenment philosopher who believed men and women should be equal
a)
Voltaire
b)
Denis Diderot
c)
Mary Wollstonecraft
d)
Adam Smith
38.
Enlightenment philosphers believe that if government abuses power the people should change it.
a)
True
b)
False
39.
Which Enlightenment thinker believed and did the things in this chart?
a)
Galileo
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Rousseau
d)
Voltaire
40.

Which of these is not a characteristic of absolutism or absolute monarchy.

a)

Rulers have unlimited power

b)

Divine Right

c)

Separation of Powers

d)

Citizens have no promised rights

41.
Absolutist monarchs were ones who
a)
sought to control all aspects of public and private life.
b)
gathered all power under their personal control.
c)
governed as if the affairs of state should benefit the people.
d)
respect the laws passed by the representative institutions.
42.
What is divine right?
a)
The right to rule was given to the monarch by God
b)
a Birth right
c)
soldiers for hire
d)
a monarch for hire
43.
One of the earliest to ask for equal rights for women, what Enlightenment writer questioned the men’s ideas that women should only be educated enough to be good wives and mothers?
a)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
b)
Mary Wollstonecraft
c)
Mary Shelley
d)
Catherine the Great
44.
Which philosopher believed that a government with separation of powers was the best type of government? 
a)
John Locke 
b)
Voltaire
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Rousseau
45.
The best government, said which of the following men, is achieved by the separation of powers?:
a)
Montesqiueu
b)
Voltaire
c)
Diderot
d)
Hobbes
46.
Who developed the idea of the three branches of government?
a)
John Locke
b)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Thomas Hobbes
47.
Enlightenment thinker who believed in natural rights (Life, liberty, property):
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Voltaire
c)
Locke
d)
Rousseau
48.
John Locke and Voltaire inspired the "Bill of Rights" which guarantee the ....
a)
Protection of individual rights
b)
Majority rule
c)
separation of powers
d)
idea of a perfect union
49.
One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment are similar is that both
a)
led to increased power for royal families in Europe
b)
sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and science
c)
questioned traditional values and past practices
d)
promoted nationalistic revolutions in eastern Europe
50.
Believed people were naturally evil 
a)
John Locke
b)
Thomas Hobbes
c)
Jean Jacques Rousseau 
d)
Cesare Beccaria
51.
This philosopher that that women should have access to education 
a)
Rousseau
b)
Wollstonecraft 
c)
Voltaire 
d)
Thomas Hobbes 
52.
Which philosopher thought the purpose of government was to protect us from our own evil nature?
a)
Thomas Hobbes
b)
John Locke
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Beccaria
53.

The series of events that led to the birth of modern science.

a)

scientific revolution

b)

scientific awakening

c)

The Great Science Push

d)

None of These

54.
Nicolaus Copernicus proposed this theory, that the sun was the center of the solar system
a)
Heliocentric
b)
Geocentric
c)
Sun Theory
d)
Copernicum Theory
55.
The law of universal gravitation was explained by
a)
Francis Bacon
b)
Nicolas Copernicus 
c)
Isaac Newton
d)
Johannes Kepler
56.
Improvement in medicine and scientific instruments were effects of
a)
The Enlightenment
b)
The Renaissance
c)
The Scientific Revolution
d)
The Middle Ages
57.
Enlightenment ideals had little or no impact on Europe and the rest of the world.
a)
True
b)
False
58.

What era most inspired people in the Enlightenment to apply reason to society and government?

a)

The Protestant Reformation

b)

The Age of Exploration

c)

The Scientific Revolution

d)

The Renaissance

59.

The invention of the _______________________ helped spread old and new ideas

a)

Printing Press

b)

Microscope

c)

Thermometer

60.

1. Before the 1500's, most scholars believed in the ________________ Theory and that the earth was an ________________ object located at the center of the universe.

a)

Geocentric; Rotational

b)

Heliocentric; Immovable

c)

Geocentric; Immovable

61.
What did Kepler add to Copernicus’ heliocentric theory?  
a)
That Jupiter had four moons
b)
That the planets revolved around the earth 
c)
That the sun was the biggest star
d)
That the planets move in eliptical (oval shaped) orbits around the sun
62.
The English philosopher who proposed the Scientific Method.
a)
Sir Francis Bacon
b)
Voltaire
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
hypothesis
63.
Which of the following was developed by Isaac Newton?
a)
the heliocentric theory
b)
the scientific method
c)
the theory of scientifc rationalism
d)
the theory of universal gravitation
64.
The Enlightenment?
a)
was based upon the assumption that science and reason can explain all things.
b)
rejected the claims of modern science
c)
was widely attacked by the royalty and nobility of Europe
d)
regarded human progress as an impossibility "in this best of all possible worlds
65.
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar in that they:
a)
strengthened the economy.
b)
led to the Cold War.
c)
rejected civil rights.
d)
encouraged new ideas.
66.

Prior to the Scientific Revolution, what were the two main sources of thinking about the natural world?

a)

The words of Julius Caesar and the teachings of Buddha

b)

The words of Cleopatra and the Mayan calendar

c)

The teachings of Confucius and the U.S. Constitution

d)

The words of the Bible and the teachings of Ptolemy and Aristotle.

67.
Enlightenment philosphers believe that if government abuses power the people should change it.
a)
True
b)
False
68.
Which idea is represented by this list?
a)
The heliocentric theory
b)
The geocentric theory
c)
The social contract
d)
The scientific method
69.
During the scientific  revolution people started using experiments to test theories rather than just believing the ___________
a)
King
b)
Family
c)
Church
d)
Sir Salami 
70.
According to Copernicus, the sun  
a)
Revolved around the earth
b)
Was the center of the Universe
c)
Was the biggest star
d)
 Had many moons
71.
Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued  
a)
That heaven did not exist
b)
That Earth revolved around the sun
c)
Against the law of gravity
d)
That the sun revolved around the Earth
72.
What was Isaac Newton’s biggest contribution to the scientific revolution?  
a)
Laws of Gravity
b)
Heliocentric theory
c)
Geocentric theory 
d)
Scientific Method
73.
Scientist began questioning the teachings of the.......
a)
Roman Catholic Church
b)
Jewish Church
c)
God
d)
The Government
74.
What did Galileo Improve?
a)
The astrolabe
b)
the stars
c)
The Telescope
d)
cat food.
75.
What did the geocentric theory state?
a)
The sun was at the center of the universe
b)
The earth was at the center of the universe
76.
What is the heliocentric theory?
a)
There is no sun
b)
The sun is smaller than the Earth
c)
The sun is the center of the universe
d)
The Earth in the center of the universe
77.
Scientist began using _____________ and _______________ instead of placing their beliefs in faith.
a)
History and faith
b)
Math and Science
c)
Math and History
d)
reason and logic
78.
How did Montesquieu influence our modern political world?
a)
Freedom of Speech 
b)
Gender equality 
c)
Natural rights
d)
Separation of powers 
79.
This philosopher would influence our country to have separation of church and state 
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Voltaire
c)
Locke
d)
Beccaria 
80.
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement based on ______________?
a)
Religion
b)
Science
c)
Art/Culture
d)
Logic/Reason
81.
John Locke belived that people had three natural rights. What are they?
a)
Money, Property, Security
b)
Liberty, Money, Life
c)
Life, Liberty, Property
d)
 Life, Secuirty, Protection
82.
What was the Social Contract?
a)
An agreement on the social reputation of the people living in the area
b)
A contract to change the government 
c)
An agreement between people and their government
d)
A agreement the citizens of an area all decided upon to catoragorize the people into social rankings
83.

Who asked this question? " If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?"

a)

Locke

b)

Wollstonecraft

c)

Rousseau

d)

Voltaire

84.
Which of the following was an early spokesperson for women's rights?
a)
Denis Diderot
b)
Marie Antoinette
c)
Mary Wollstonecraft
d)
Mahatma Gandhi
85.
During the Scientific Revolution the heliocentric view of the universe was first proposed by __.
a)
Ptolemy
b)
Francis Bacon
c)
Isaac Newton
d)
Nicolaus Copernicus
86.

The Scientific Revolution happened during the?

a)

1500s and 1600s

b)

1000s and 1200s

c)

1340s and 1430s

87.

What is an astronomer?

a)

Someone who studies landscapes

b)

Someone who studies books

c)

Someone who studies the stars and planets

d)

Someone who studies history

88.
What do these steps describe?
1.  Ask a question
2.  Form a hypothesis
3.  Experiment to test hypothesis
4.  Analyze data
5.  Draw a conclusion
a)
Order of Operations
b)
Steps of CPR
c)
Scientific Method
d)
Essay writing
89.

4. Galileo Galilei discovered that Jupiter had four moons, the sun had dark spots, and that the moon has a ______________ surface.

a)

smooth and perfect

b)

rough and uneven

c)

pure

90.

Which of the following would be rooted in OLD Science

a)

Relying on ancient authorities and church teachings

b)

Relying on observation, experimentation, and scientific reasoning

91.

What does this image represent?

a)

The Geocentric Theory

b)

The Heliocentric Theory

c)

Aztec Calendar

92.

What does this image represent?

a)

The Heliocentric theory

b)

The Geocentric theory

c)

The Tychonian theory

93.

Nicolaus Copernicus built his own telescope in 1609

a)

True

b)

False

94.

oval path

a)

Science

b)

Pope

c)

Reason

d)

Ellipse

95.

earth centered

a)

Geocentric

b)

Heliocentric

c)

Precentric

d)

Subcentric

96.

sun centered

a)

Geocentric

b)

Heliocentric

c)

Subcentric

d)

Precentric

97.

the ability to think in an orderly rational way

a)

Science

b)

Reason

c)

Scientific Method

d)

Theory

98.
The Catholic Church considered some thinkers of the Scientific Revolution to be heretics because they
a)
loved anatomy
b)
traveled frequently to Africa
c)
questioned claims made in biblical passages.
d)
valued natural resources.
99.
The idea that the earth is the center of the universe is called
a)
heliocentricity
b)
planetary alignment
c)
geocentric
d)
cell theory 
100.
The idea that the sun is the center of our universe
a)
Hawkin Theory
b)
Heliocentric 
c)
Applied astronomy 
d)
Geocentric 
101.
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best form of government included a separation of powers.
a)
True
b)
False
102.
John Locke believed that the purpose of government was to protect people’s natural rights.
a)
True
b)
False 
103.
Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were
a)
the Catholic Church and ancient scholars
b)
Muslim scribes
c)
navigators and explorers
d)
Confuscious and Ghandi
104.
Which is the last step of the scientific method?
a)
hypothesis
b)
conclusion
c)
problem
d)
experiment 
105.
Which Enlightenment thinker said "If women be educated for dependence; that is, to act according to the will of another fallible being, and submit, right or wrong, to power, where are we to stop?"
a)
Mary Wollstonecraft
b)
Mike Jones
c)
Tommy Hobbes
d)
Thomas Jefferson
106.
Which of the following people is NOT considered to be an Enlightenment thinker?
a)
Abraham Lincoln 
b)
John Locke
c)
Voltaire 
d)
Mary Wollstonecraft
107.

What event was triggered by Copernicus and lead many to question the Church about how the universe worked?

a)

Black Death

b)

Scientific Revolution

c)

Age of Enlightenment

d)

American Revolution

108.

Following Montesquieu's idea of a separated government, the US Constitution 3 branches of government. Which is NOT a branch?

a)

Judicial

b)

Administrative

c)

Legislative

d)

Executive

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