WorksheetsDr. Jones Endo exam 4
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 2hrs 6mins
What is the Gonads?
primary reproductive organs.
( testes and ovaries)
the production of reproductive cells
reproductive cells (haploid), sperm and ovum
gametes from the opposite sex combine their genetic material to form a zygote
What is the Gametogenesis?
the production of reproductive cells
reproductive cells (haploid), sperm and ovum
features which distinguish sexes: hair, muscle mass, height, breasts
testes and ovaries
What is the Gametes?
reproductive cells (haploid), sperm and ovum
the production of reproductive cells
testes and ovaries
gametes from the opposite sex combine their genetic material to form a zygote
Sexual Reproduction is
gametes from the opposite sex combine their genetic material to form a zygote
sperm and ovum
testes and ovaries
production of reproductive cells
What are the major sex hormones?
Testosterones
Estrogens
Progesterone
Thyroid Hormone
What are the secondary Sexual Characteristics?
features which distinguish sexes: hair, muscle mass, height, breasts
reproductive cells (haploid)
Progesterone intermediate in corticosteroid synthesis.
Is males hormone, synthesized in testes and adrenal glands.
Testosterones
Estrogens
Progesterone
Is females hormone, synthesized in ovaries, require aromatase.
Testosterones
Estrogens
Progesterone
Thyroid Hormone
Is females hormones, secreted by ovaries, intermediate in corticosteroid synthesis.
Progesterone
Estrogens
Testosterone
Thyroid Hormone
Cells have 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
During gametogenesis sex chromosomes split when haploid gametes are formed
True
False
Sex differentiation depends on the composition of chromosomes.
Males have an SRY gene
Wolffian ducts develop
True
False
Müllerian inhibiting factor (substance) released by _______________: degrades Müllerian ducts
testes (Sertoli cells)
testes (Leydig cells)
Testosterones
Progesterone
What is the function of DHT?
facilitates male external genitalia development
lead to the development of male anatomy
degrades Müllerian ducts
What is the immature cell of a testicle called?
Spermatogonia.
epididymis
chromosomes
Who keeps the sperm?
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
Who makes testosterone?
The interstitial cells of Leydig.
The interstitial cells of Sertoli
The penis is part of both the urinary system and the male reproductive system. Which of the following is also part of the male urinary system?
Prostate
Testicles
Urethra
Scrotum
What part of the male reproductive system produces the cells that carry the man's genes?
Scrotum
Testicles
prostate
_________will develop into female reproductive tract and ________degrade.
Müllerian ducts, Wolffian ducts
Wolffian ducts, Müllerian ducts
Which of the following is true about Chromosomal disorders?
XO: absent gonads, female external (Turner syndrome)
XXX: no major dysfunction, female
YO: lethal, many required genes on the X chromosome
XXY: high levels of testosterone, poorly developed internal male sex organs, tall statue, low IQ (Klinefelters)
What occur in the Puberty?
hormone levels rise
Development of gonadal function
loss of sexual cycle
Hormonally high levels of FSH and LH
What occur in the Menopause?
loss of sexual cycle
Decline in the number of follicles within the ovary
Hormonally high levels of FSH and LH
hormone levels rise
Development of gonadal function
What occur in the Menopause?
loss of sexual cycle
Decline in the number of follicles within the ovary
Hormonally high levels of FSH and LH
hormone levels rise
Development of gonadal function
A major function of the epididymis is?
storage and transport of mature sperm
initiating the development of spermatozoa
secretion of estrogens
production of inhibin
secretion of fluis that contribute to semen
The enzyme, 5a-reductase, is responsible for
conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and enhancing steroidogenesis.
conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
aromatization of testosterone to estradiol
increasing the synthesis of LH
Female secondary sex characteristics
Induction of the oral drug sildenafil was a major advance in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Mechanistically, this drug works by inhibiting
1a-hydroxylase
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
phosphodiesterase
17a-hydroxyprogesterone
The human female determines the sex of her offspring
True
False
Deletion of the SRY gene would cause male fetuses to develop as females
True
False
Dihydrotestosterone is produced by the action of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase on testosterone.
True
False
The rate at which GnRH is secreted from the hypothalamus determines whether LH or FSH is secreted from the anterior pituitary
True
False
Sertoli cells are stimulated by __________, while Leydig cells are stimulated by ________.
FSH, LH
LH, FSH
Testosterone, LH
FSH, testosterone
Secretion of LH is inhibited by
high concentrations os inhibin
rapidly rising concentrations of estradiol
high concentrations of testosterone
decreasing concentration of progesterone
Removal of the ___________ would result in a lack of energy in the semen to support the sperm cells.
prostate
seminal vesicles
testis
epididymis
Sperm are stored and matured in the
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
epididymis
prostate gland
What is the Scrotum?
pouch of skin and muscle which encase the testes
pass from the testes into the abdominal cavity
fluid secreting glands which add to watery component of semen
produce clear liquid used for lubrication
What is the Vas Deferens?
pass from the testes into the abdominal cavity
Upon entering the abdomen – ejaculation duct merges into urethra
produce clear liquid used for lubrication
thin milky secretion make up 30% of semen
What is the seminal vesicle?
pouch of skin and muscle which encase the testes
fluid secreting glands which add to watery component of semen
thin milky secretion make up 30% of semen
produce clear liquid used for lubrication
_________ thin milky secretion make up 30% of semen
Prostate Gland
Vas deferens
scrotum
Bulbourethral glands
______________ produce clear liquid used for lubrication
Bulbourethral glands
penis
seminal vesicles
vas deferens
Which of the following produce sperm?
seminiferous tubules
epididymis
Leydig cells
efferent ductule
_________secrete inhibin and androgen binding protein, supports spermatogenesis
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
efferent ductule
epididymis
________secrete testosterone and other sex hormones
Leydig cells
Sertoli cells
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
__________leads from testes and carry sperm to the epididymis
Efferent ductule
Epididymis
Leydig cells
Sertoli cells
_________sperm maturation and storage along the testes
Epididymis
Efferent ductule
Leydig cells
seminiferous tubules
Leydig cell is stimulated by
LH
FSH
spermatogenesis
testosterone
Sertoli cell is stimulated by
FSH
LH
testosterone
spermatogenesis
_________is responsible for creation of sperm gametes
testosterone
spermatogenesis
LH
estrogens
Spermatogenesis is responsible for remodeling of germ cells into motile sperm and the reduction in chromosome number and division in meiosis.
True
False
Testosterone rises at adulthood spermatogonia activated, divide and undergo meiosis
True
False
What are some symptoms of infertility?
hormone imbalances
heat
Cold
low sperm count
The scrotum is counter-current blood flow. Keeps blood cooler in testes
True
False
stimulates male reproductive system development during fetal and adolescent stages
Testosterone
Estrogen
Thyroid hormone
Progesterone
Testosterone in puberty stimulates secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive
True
False
Testosterone stimulates sexual instinct and sperm development during adulthood and stimulates red blood cell production and anabolic metabolism (growth).
True
False
In the Adolescence begin gonadotropin (LH and FSH) secretion until full height.
True
False
What is the mechanism of action of testosterone?
Physiological actions mediated through testosterone and DHT.
acts on the on the estrogen receptors to relieve vasomotor systems
uterus by changing the proliferative phase to the secretory phase of the endometrium (inner mucous lining of the uterus).
Testosterone inhibits GnRH, LH and FSH release
negative feedback
positive feedback
Inhibition of FSH by inhibin B released from Sertoli cells
negative feedback
positive feedback
parasympathetic response, release NO and causes vasodilation
erection
emission
expulsion
________ contains 5α reductase and 5a reductase converts testosterone to DHT
Prostate gland
scrotum
penis
urethra
Which of the following is true about Benign Prostrate Hyperplasia (BPH)?
Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostrate
Middle age
DHT stimulates growth of prostrate
Treat with 5a-reductase inhibitors :Adovart, Propecia (finasteride)
Erectile Dysfunction is the inability to maintain an erection to allow for vaginal insertion.
True
False
Blockade of which of the following will prolong erection in the male?
estrogen receptor
cholesterol receptor
muscarinic receptor
Phosphodiesterase-5
