Which of the following choices does not require metabolic activation to become toxic?

T or F: SLUDDE signs refer to sympathetic overstimulation.

If Ops and carbamates both lead to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which receptors are affected?

With accumulation of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, will you see CNS depression or stimulation?

In order to treat the muscarinic signs of OP/carbamate toxicity, you would administer what drug?

What is the major mechanism of death in animals poisoned with OPs/carbamates?

What is the mechanism of action for the OP/carbamate antidote?

T or F: Atropine sulfate works on both muscarinic nicotinic ACh receptors.

What might you treat OP toxicity with, but not carbamate toxicity?

What treatment for OPs alleviates both muscarinic and nicotinic signs?

Which type of Pyrethroids contains the alpha cyano group?

Which type of Pyrethroids contains Permethrin?

T or F: Type II Pyrethroids lead to CNS stimulation.

Which type of Pyrethroid leads to suppression of action potentials?

Choreoathetosis syndrome is caused by intoxication with:

Choreoathetosis syndrome is caused by intoxication with:

If a cat is administered pyrethrin (concentrated) products and develops CNS stimulation. How would you treat?

Which neurotoxicant blocks the action of glycine? If this neurotransmitter inhibitory or excitatory?

T or F: Blocking the action of glycine leads to massive tetanic skeletal muscle contractions.

What is the mechanism of death associated with Strychnine?

You perform a biochemical panel on a cat and see that it is azotemic. This is an elevation of what?

If an animal is azotemic, your first rule out would be dehydration. What might your second rule out be?

a.     Liver damage

b.    Kidney damage

c.     Respiratory failure

d.     Choleliths

What plant causes nephrotoxicity in large animals?

What plants generally cause GI irritation and kidney damage in cats?

What is the toxin in oak that causes kidney damage in large animals?

Vitamin D3 is found in some rodenticides. What is the other name for this toxin?

T or F: Vitamin D3 toxicity can occur from ingestion of commercial dog foods.

Other than renal tubular necrosis, what also occurs with vitamin D3 toxicity?

What type of urine might you see produced from an animal that ingested too much cholecalciferol?

How does cholecalciferol cause mineralization of tissues and bleeding?

If a dog presented to your clinic several hours after ingesting rodenticide containing cholecalciferol, how might you treat him/her?

Which treatment method for vitamin D3 toxicity is specifically a calcium chelator?

Antifreeze and deicing agents contain which nephrotoxic agent?

Which enzyme in the body metabolizes ethylene glycol into its toxic metabolites?

Which of the following are not toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol?

Which type of crystalluria will you see with ethylene glycol intoxication?

Which toxic metabolite of ethylene glycol does not cause metabolic acidosis?

Which stage of ethylene glycol presentation has cardiopulmonary signs?

Which stage of ethylene glycol presentation has gastrointestinal signs?

Which of the following clinical findings is not associated with ethylene glycol intoxication?

What type of urine crystals are these?

Testing for ethylene glycol involved a colorimetric test. This is a:

What is the name of the drug that used to be available for EG toxicity?

What condition might predispose an animal to NSAID toxicity?

Which body system do NSAIDs not cause toxicity in?

What do NSAIDs block to reduce prostaglandin synthesis?

Inhibition of which cyclooxygenase enzyme leads to nephrotoxicity?

What do NSAIDs do to the kidneys?

Which species of animal is most sensitive to NSAID toxicity?

T or F: giving activated charcoal with sorbitol for several doses would be helpful in NSAID toxicities.

Administering which drug is helpful during NSAID toxicities as it is a synthetic prostaglandin?

T or F: Grapes/raisins are toxic to domestic animals such as cats and dogs.

Which is not a hallmark clinical finding associated with Acetaminophen toxicity in domestic animals?

Which species’ RBCs are more prone to oxidative injury?

Which symptom occurs in cats, but not other species?

Which of the following is not an effective treatment for acetaminophen toxicity?

What is the toxin in blue-green algae that causes hepatotoxicity?

How would you treat water that has blue-green algae overgrowth?

  Aflatoxicosis is caused by fungi that prefer to grow in _____ weather.

Which of the following is the metabolite that induced hepatotoxicity in aflatoxicosis?

Other than hepatotoxicity, what other clinical condition can aflatoxin cause?

Which species actively convert aflatoxin to its toxic metabolite more than other species?

What sugar substitute can induce toxicity in domestic veterinary species?

What does xylitol induce in the body?

T or F: Insulin cannot bind xylitol.

Which of the following will not occur in xylitol toxicity?

T or F: Activated charcoal is effective for xylitol intoxication.

When should you induce emesis in cases of corrosive agent ingestion?

What type of lesions do corrosive agents produce in the GIT?

Which types of batteries are considered emergency situations when ingested?

How do insoluble oxalate-containing plants cause toxicity and GI irritation?

1.     What might be released after ingestion of insoluble oxalate-containing plants?

Mole and gopher rodenticide is made up of gray-purple pellets. What toxin do they contain?

What does aluminum phosphide transform into in the stomach?

What does phosphine gas do in the body?

If you smell dog breath that smells like rotten fish, what toxin might they have ingested recently?

How do you decrease phosphine gas production in the animal?

Where might a horse develop colic in response to Phenylbutazone toxicity?

Which NSAID is most potent ulcerogen in horses?

What causes protein-losing enterocolopathy (PLE) in horses with NSAID toxicity?

What is the toxin present in Blister Beetles that causes GI toxicity?

How does cantharidin cause blistering and toxicity?

What occurs during primary photosensitization?

a.

What alkaloid causes primary photosensitization, and which causes secondary?

When light reacts with the plant compounds causing photosensitization, what is released?

What is the toxin present in Yew plants that causes bradycardia, vasodilation and hypotension?

The toxins found in Yew plants are _____ antagonists.

Moldy Sweet Clover is often considered a/an _______.

What is present in anticoagulant rodenticides that exerts its effects on the blood?

1.     What is specifically antagonized in anticoagulant rodenticides?

Which factor has the shortest half-life?

Which coagulation test would you run to check for early vitamin K antagonism?

Which coagulation test would you run to determine if your patient’s vitamin K is recovering?

What is the major concern in domestic veterinary species with ingestion of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides?

T or F: Warfarin is a first generation anticoagulant?

How do you treat vitamin K antagonism?

Which route of administration leads to more rapid absorption of Vitamin K?

T or F: Vitamin K1 can be given IV for more effective absorption.

What hematological abnormality will you see with cattle exhibiting nitrate toxicity?

What are two treatments for methemoglobinemia associated with nitrate toxicity?

Which species of snake causes the largest proportion of bites in veterinary species?  

Which type of snake causes the most deaths?

What type of snake is pictured below?

State the four general types of toxins in snake venom.

Which enzymatic protein in snake venom breaks down cell membranes?

Which species of snake has the most toxic venom?

What are some sources for Arsenic?

Which form of arsenic is most associated with toxicity?

What does arsenic react with to cause uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation?

Which enzyme does arsenic inhibit?

Which of the following is the chelator of choice for arsenic toxicity in large animals?

Which form of antagonism does chelation therapy use in arsenic toxicity?

What are sources of copper?

Which species often gets copper storage disease?

What occurs in copper storage disease?

Which chelator can you use to treat copper toxicity?

Which body system is least affected by copper toxicity?

Which of the following is most commonly affected by iron toxicity?

Which organ is least affected by iron toxicity?

What is the ideal chelator that specifically binds iron?

What is a common source of lead?

Where does lead bind?

How does lead cause toxicity?

When submitting samples for lead testing what should you send?

Which chelator for lead toxicity may be nephrotoxic?

What is a major source of zinc toxicity?

T or F: skeletal abnormalities are most often seen with zinc toxicosis.

Which organ system is affected with zinc intoxication?

T or F: Bromethalin gets rapidly absorbed by ther liver and disrupts the NA + K Pump

Which animal is most suseptible to Bromethalin?

Where do you see Selenium Toxicty most?

Selenium Deficiency can be due to?

T or F: Selenium toxicity can lead to hair loss and hoof lesions

Selenium toxicity is due to?

Zinc deficiency is due to?

When Zinc is high it can lyse ____?

We are most concerned with Aflatoxin ____

T or F: Organophosphat/Carbamate Insecticides are considered lipophilic

Barium sulfate is a ____ salt?

Ionized Compounds are more _____soluble and not passively absorbed.

Unionized Compounds are more ______soluble and passively absorb

The lower the pKa the stronger the?

Why is nitrites bad in cattle?

Which are tends to exclude the hydrophilic poisons/drugs?

Functionalization Reactions are Phase ____.

Conjugation Reactions are Phase ____.

If animals are exposed to acetominophen the liver tries to attach _____ & _____.

What are the 3 routes of excretion (Toxicokinetics (ADME))?

When cattle ingest Snake Root Poisoning, in the milk, if ingested by humans, what can we get?

What increases the rate of excretion where you can literally "trap" toxins in their ionized form which makes it more water soluble?

T or F: In order to ionize you must acidify the urine

Is Invermectin considered toxic or non-toxic?

Which is involved in Nephrotoxicity?

Which is involved in Hepatotoxicity?

Which is involved in Gastrointestinal Toxicity?

Which is involved in RBC Hemolysis Toxicity?

Which is involved in Metabolic Acidosis?

____ are the most affected by Iron Toxicity?

Iron Toxicity chelator is called?

Copper Toxicity chelator is called?

Lead Toxicity chelator is called?

Aresenic Toxicity (in LARGE ANIMALS) chelator is called?

What is the distribution of lead in an animal's body after it is absorbed into the blood stream?

What is the most common source of lead poisoning in large animals (cattle)?

What is the most common source of zinc poisoning in large animals (cattle)?

What is the most common source of zinc poisoning in large animals (cattle)?

What is the clinical presentation of diarrhea associated with some aresenic cases?

If you have a lead toxicology case, when you collect blood to send off to the lab it should be?

What is the most common source of copper toxicity?

T or F: Sheep can excrete copper well

How does Calcium Disodium EDTA treat Lead Toxicosis?

What are the 2 forms of Inorganic Arsenic?

Lab Retrievers have 2 autosomal recessive traits due to gener mutation.

ATP7A is in _________ and important for copper mobilization

ATP7B is in _________ and important for excreting excess liver copper in bile

There are 2 phases in Chronic Copper Toxicity, what are they.

What Copper Toxicity Phase is when copper is accumulating in liver overtime?

What Copper Toxicity Phase is when copper gets into the blood because it is released by the liver? Copper Dump

T or F: Molybdenum is a copper angonist?

Molybdeum is there to manage copper so when molybdenum is not there copper in the animal will be?