In glomerular diseases, morphologic changes in the glomeruli include all of the following except

In glomerular renal disease, glomerular damage results from

Clinical features that are characteristic of glomerular damage include all of the following except

Which of the following disorders frequently occurs following a bacterial infection of the skin or throat?

Which of the following disorders is characterized by cellular proliferation into Bowman’s space to form cellular “crescents”?

Which of the following disorders is the major cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults?

Which of the following glomerular diseases is the major cause of the nephrotic syndrome in children?

Which of the following statements regarding IgA nephropathy is true?

Eighty percent of patients who develop chronic glomerulonephritis previously had some type of glomerular disease. Which of the following disorders is implicated most frequently in the development of chronic glomerulonephritis?

Chronic renal failure often develops in each of the following diseases except

Which of the following features characterize the

nephrotic syndrome?

1. Proteinuria

2. Edema

3. Hypoalbuminemia

4. Hyperlipidemia

When a patient has the nephrotic syndrome, microscopic examination of their urine sediment often reveals

Which of the following has not been associated with acute tubular necrosis?

Which formed element in urine sediment is characteristic of toxic acute tubular necrosis and aids in its differentiation from ischemic acute tubular necrosis?

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the urinary excretion of large amounts of arginine, cystine, lysine, and ornithine?

Generalized loss of proximal tubular function is a characteristic of

Which of the following changes is not associated with renal tubular acidosis?

Which of the following disorders is considered a lower urinary tract infection?

Most urinary tract infections are caused by

Which of the following formed elements when present in urine sediment is most indicative of an upper urinary tract infection?

The most common cause of chronic pyelonephritis is

Eosinophiluria, fever, and skin rash are characteristic clinical features of

Cessation of the administration of a drug is the fastest and most effective treatment for

Yeast is considered part of the normal flora in each of the following locations except in the

Acute renal failure can be caused by all of the following except

Which of the following statements about chronic renal failure is true?

Isosthenuria, significant proteinuria, and numerous casts of all types describes the urinalysis findings from a patient with

Approximately 75% of the renal calculi that form in patients contain

The formation of renal calculi is enhanced by

An overflow mechanism is responsible for the aminoaciduria present

Which of the following hereditary diseases results in the accumulation and excretion of large amounts of homogentisic acid?

Which of the following substances oxidizes with exposure to air, causing the urine to turn brown or black?

Which of the following diseases is related to tyrosine production or metabolism?

1. Tyrosinuria

2. Melanuria

3. Phenylketonuria

4. Alkaptonuria

Which of the following diseases can result in severe mental retardation if not detected and treated in the infant?

1. Phenylketonuria

2. Maple syrup urine disease

3. Galactosuria

4. Alkaptonuria

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Which of the following abnormalities is not a clinical feature of an infant with galactosuria?

Galactose is produced in the normal metabolism of

Which of the following features is not a characteristic of diabetes insipidus?

Porphyria is characterized by

Which of the following statements regarding porphyrin and porphyrin precursors is true?

1. Porphyria can be inherited or induced.

2. Porphyrin precursors are neurotoxins.

3. Porphyrins can be dark red or purple.

4. Porphyrin precursor accumulation causes

skin photosensitivity

Most glomerular disorders are caused by

Dysmorphic RBC casts would be a significant finding with all of the following except:

Occasional episodes of macroscopic hematuria over periods of 20 or more years are seen with:

Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody is seen with:

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody is diagnostic for:

Respiratory and renal symptoms are associated with all of the following except:

The presence of fatty casts is associated with all of the following except:

The highest levels of proteinuria are seen with:

Ischemia frequently produces:

A disorder associated with polyuria and low specific gravity is:

An inherited disorder producing a generalized defect in tubular reabsorption is:

A teenage boy who develops gout in his big toe and has a high serum uric acid should be monitored for

The only protein produced by the kidney is:

The presence of renal tubular epithelial cells and casts is an indication of

Differentiation between cystitis and pyelonephritis is aided by the presence of:

The presence of WBCs and WBC casts with no bacteria is indicative of:

End-stage renal disease is characterized by all of the following except:

Prerenal acute renal failure could be caused by

The most common composition of renal calculi is

Urinalysis on a patient with severe back pain being evaluated for renal calculi would be most beneficial if it

showed:

Newborn screening is required for PKU for early:

All of the following disorders can be detected by newborn

screening except

The best specimen for early newborn screening is a:

Abnormal urine screening tests categorized as an overflow disorder include all of the following except:

Which of the following disorders is not associated with the phenylalanine-tyrosine pathway?

The least serious form of tyrosylemia is:

An overflow disorder of the phenylalanine-tyrosine pathway that would produce a positive reaction with the reagent strip test for ketones is:

An overflow disorder that could produce a false-positive reaction with Clinitest procedure is:

A urine that turns black after sitting by the sink for several hours could be indicative of:

Ketonuria in a newborn is an indication of:

Urine from a newborn with MSUD will have a significant:

Hartnup disease is a disorder associated with the metabolism of:

5-HIAA is a degradation product of:

Elevated urinary levels of 5-HIAA are associated with:

False-positive levels of 5-HIAA can be caused by a diet high in:

Blue diaper syndrome is associated with

Homocystinuria is caused by failure to metabolize

The classic urine color associated with porphyria is

Hurler, Hunter, and Sanfilippo syndromes are hereditary disorders affecting metabolism of:

Many uric acid crystals in a pediatric urine specimen may

indicate:

Sulfur odor

Sweaty feet odor

Orange sand in diaper

Mousy odor

What is the most common method used in newborn screening.

What is the most commonly test in detecting mucopolysaccharidoses.