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WorksheetsKines 201 Final Exam Guide Ch7-11
Total questions: 92
Worksheet time: 47mins
Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of air through the respiratory system?
Nasal passage → Pharynx → Epiglottis → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveolar ducts/sacs
Nasal passage → Pharynx → Larynx → Epiglottis → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveolar ducts/sacs
Nasal passage → Epiglottis → Pharynx → Larynx → Bronchi → Trachea → Alveoli
Nasal passage → Trachea → Pharynx → Larynx → Bronchioles → Bronchi → Alveolar sacs
Nasal passage is considered in the...
conductive zone
respiratory zone
Pharynx is considered in the...
conductive zone
respiratory zone
Larynx is considered in the...
conductive zone
respiratory zone
Epiglottis is considered in the...
conductive zone
respiratory zone
Trachea is considered in the...
conductive zone
respiratory zone
Bronchi is considered in the...
conductive zone
respiratory zone
Bronchioles is considered in the...
conductive zone
respiratory zone
Alveolar ducts/sacs is considered in the...
conductive zone
respiratory zone
Which of the following equations correctly represents minute ventilation (VE)?
VE = TV × BF
VE = CO × BP
VE = HR × SV
VE = O₂ × CO₂
When air remains in the lungs for a longer period of time, what is the result?
Less oxygen is extracted from inspired air
Greater amount of oxygen (O₂) is extracted from inspired air
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels decrease in the lungs
Breathing rate increases significantly
Which of the following best describes what VO₂ max function?
The total volume of air the lungs can hold
ability of circulatory system to deliver O2 to working muscles (cardiac output)
The resting oxygen consumption of the body
The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled per minute
The a-Vo2 difference would function?
ability of circulatory system to deliver O2 to
working muscles (cardiac output)
Ability of working muscles to extract and
utilize that O2 delivere
The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled per minute
The total volume of air the lungs can hold
According to the Fick Equation, which formula correctly expresses VO₂?
VO₂ = HR × SV
VO₂ = CO × a-vO₂ difference
VO₂ = TV × BF
VO₂ = BP × HR
Which of the following factors influence an individual’s VO₂ max?
Genetics, gender, fitness state, body composition, and test protocol
Only training intensity and diet
Age and height only
Resting heart rate and blood pressure
Approximately what percentage of VO₂ max is determined by genetics?
5–10%
10–20%
20–40%
50–70%
What is the value for Vo2 in males?
45 ml/kg/min
40 ml/kg/min
What is the value for Vo2 in females?
45 ml/kg/min
40 ml/kg/min
With an adequate aerobic training program, VO₂ max can typically improve by what percentage?
5–10%
10–15%
15–25%
25–30%
Relative body fat (%BF) is primarily used to:
Measure muscle strength
Classify levels of body fatness
Estimate maximal oxygen uptake
Determine hydration status
Body composition measures can be used to estimate a person’s:
Healthy body weight
For athletes, body composition assessments are often used to:
Estimate competitive body weight
Evaluate coordination skills
Measure muscle flexibility
Determine injury risk
In children and adolescents, body composition measures are helpful for:
Monitoring growth and development
Assessing lung capacity
Measuring anaerobic power
Estimating bone density only
Changes in body composition can be assessed to evaluate the effects of:
Diet and exercise only
Aging, poor diet, and disease status
Environmental temperature
Sleep duration
Whole body =
fat + fat-free body
Muscle + bone
Water + protein
Lean tissue + bone marrow
what is the assumed density of fat?
1.10 g∙cc⁻¹
0.901 g∙cc⁻¹
0.995 g∙cc⁻¹
1.000 g∙cc⁻¹
The assumed density of the fat-free body (FFB) is:
0.901 g∙cc⁻¹
1.00 g∙cc⁻¹
1.10 g∙cc⁻¹
1.20 g∙cc⁻¹
Which of the following represents the assumed proportions of fat-free body (FFB) constituents used in hydrodensitometry?
Water 60%, Protein 25%, Mineral 15%
Water 73.8%, Protein 19.4%, Mineral 6.8%
Water 80%, Protein 15%, Mineral 5%
Water 70%, Protein 20%, Mineral 10%
FFB density is known to vary due to:
Age, sex, ethnicity, physical activity, and %BF
Only diet and hydration
Only height and weight
Time of day and ambient temperature
Variance in FFB density can be caused by:
% water and % mineral within the fat-free body
Only % body fat
Height and weight
Time of day and temperature
The skinfold (SKF) method is considered:
A direct measurement of total body fat
An invasive method that indirectly estimates subcutaneous body fat
A laboratory-only technique
A method measuring bone density
What does the SKF method primarily measure?
Internal fat directly
Total body water
Subcutaneous fat indirectly
Muscle fiber composition
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is considered:
An invasive method
A noninvasive method
A method that measures body fat directly
A laboratory-only technique
How is total body water (TBW) related to the resistance measured in BIA?
TBW is directly proportional to resistance
TBW is inversely related to resistance
TBW is unaffected by resistance
TBW can only be measured by skinfolds
Anthropometric methods are based on:
Electrical impedance
Body size and proportions
Underwater weighing
Skinfold thickness only
Anthropometric methods can help:
Measure total body water only
Classify disease risk and health status
Directly measure subcutaneous fat
Estimate VO₂ max
BMI value <18.5
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obesity
BMI value 18.5-24.9
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obesity
BMI value 25-29.9
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obesity
BMI value 30-40
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obesity
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is primarily used as an:
Direct measure of total body fat
Indirect measure of fat deposition pattern
Measure of skeletal size
Measurement of subcutaneous fat only
Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is considered:
A worse indicator of adiposity than waist circumference alone
A better indicator of adiposity than waist circumference alone
Unrelated to fat distribution
Only used in children
How does BIA work?
By taking skinfold measurements
Combination of pairs of sending and receiving electrodes
By weighing the body underwater
By measuring height and weight only
Which of the following are common health risks associated with obesity?
Only hypertension and diabetes
Ischemic heart disease, stroke, dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, diabetes, osteoarthritis, obstructive pulmonary disease, gallbladder disease, some cancers, and menstrual irregularities
Only respiratory and skeletal disorders
Obesity has no significant health risks
Which of the following are common health risks associated with being underweight?
Only low blood pressure and dehydration
Malnutrition, fluid-electrolyte imbalances, osteopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, cardiac arrhythmias, renal and reproductive disorders
Only bone and joint issues
None, being underweight poses no health risks
Approximately how many people worldwide are classified as overweight?
> 600 million
>1.9 billion
>900 million
>2.5 billion
What percentage of adults in the United States are classified as obese?
25.3%
30.0%
36.5%
42.1%
Which type of fat distribution is most strongly associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, and dyslipidemia?
Subcutaneous fat
Visceral fat
Peripheral fat
Essential fat
Android obesity is characterized by fat accumulation in which region of the body?
Lower body (hips and thighs)
Upper body (abdominal area)
Arms and legs only
Overall even fat distribution
Gynoid obesity refers to fat distribution primarily in the:
Lower body (hips and thighs)
Upper body (abdominal area)
Arms and legs only
Overall even fat distribution
According to WHR guidelines, males are considered at risk if their ratio is greater than:
0.82
0.90
0.94
1.00
According to WHR guidelines, females are considered at risk if their ratio is greater than:
0.75
0.80
0.82
0.90
3,500 kcal =
1 lb
2 lb
5 lb
35 lb
A positive energy balance results in:
Weight loss
Weight gain
No change in body weight
Decreased fat stores
A negative energy balance results in:
Weight loss
Weight gain
No change in body weight
Decreased fat stores
TEE =
RMR x dietary thermogenesis x EAT x NEAT
RMR + dietary thermogenesis + EAT + NEAT
RMR - dietary thermogenesis - EAT - NEAT
RMR / dietary thermogenesis / EAT / NEAT
_______ is the largest contributor to TEE
RMR
EAT
NEAT
Obesity is considered a multifactorial problem because it involves influences from:
Only diet and physical activity
Hormonal, genetic, number of fat cells and environmental factors
Only genetic mutations
One single metabolic factor
Deficiencies in which two genes or hormones have been linked to obesity?
Ghrelin and insulin
Melanocortin-4 receptor and leptin
Cortisol and serotonin
Thyroxine and melatonin
The number of fat cells in the body is:
Entirely fixed at birth and cannot change
Inherited, but can increase with overfeeding
Randomly determined and unaffected by diet
Determined only by genetics
Which of the following are environmental contributors to obesity?
Genes and hormones
Diet and physical activity patterns
Resting metabolic rate and fat cell number
Leptin and insulin levels
Effective weight management should include:
Dieting alone
Exercise only
A combination of proper diet and daily physical activity
Skipping meals and exercising occasionally
150 minutes per week of exercise is: ____ ?
Sufficient to prevent weight gain
Insufficient to prevent weight gain
The maximum recommended amount
Only for athletes
For effective weight loss, weekly exercise should exceed: ____ ?
100 minutes
150 minutes
200 minutes
250 minutes
Frequency for weight loss exercise should be: ____ ?
For weight loss, exercise intensity should be: ____ ?
Recommended exercise time for weight loss is: ____ ?
The primary type of exercise for weight loss should be: ____ ?
F-Daily
I-
Moderate, with focus on duration
TI-≥60 minutes
TY-
Aerobic exercise
What are the Benefits of Exercise for Weight Loss
Increase energy expenditure
Minimize loss of FFM
Increase GH and catecholamines
Increased aerobic fitness and ability to expend more kcal
Offset diet-induced reduction in RMR
Combination of aerobic and resistance training is: ____ ?
Less effective than aerobic training alone
More effective than either used alone
Only useful for athletes
Ineffective for weight loss
What is the term for abnormal stiffness or immobility of a joint due to fusion of bones?
Hypermobility
Ankylosis
Arthritis
Kyphosis
Which condition refers to excessive joint range of motion beyond the normal limit?
Hypermobility
Ankylosis
Arthritis
Kyphosis
What is flexibility?
Ability to lift heavy weights
Ability to move through a full range of motion (ROM)
Ability to maintain balance
Ability to run long distances
Which statement best describes dynamic flexibility?
Direct measures of ROM
Indirect measures of ROM
Measure resistance during muscle elongation; impractical lab test
Measure muscle strength during contraction
Which option best describes static flexibility?
Ability to move a joint through ROM with speed or movement
Direct measures of ROM and indirect measures of ROM
Measuring resistance during muscle elongation in a lab
Muscle contraction strength at various joint angles
Which of the following lists includes the major factors that affect flexibility?
Diet, hydration, sleep, and stress levels
Joint structure, soft tissue tightness, body composition, age, sex, physical activity, and muscle temperature
Cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, endurance, and coordination
Genetics, bone density, and blood pressure
Which option correctly describes how joint ROM is measured?
Measure joint ROM by observing movement patterns without tools
Measure joint ROM in degrees using devices such as a goniometer, inclinometers, and inclinometer smartphone apps
Measure joint ROM by testing muscle strength
Measure joint ROM through cardiovascular endurance tests
Which option correctly describes the components of a SMART fitness goal?
Simple, Meaningful, Action-based, Realistic, Timeless
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timely
Strategic, Manageable, Active, Reasonable, Time-free
Specific, Moderate, Adaptable, Reliable, Time-limited
A client is beginning a fitness program and needs appropriate pre- and post-testing. Which of the following combinations correctly matches the major fitness components with their common assessment tests?
Cardiovascular: VO2 max (walk/run/cycle)
Resistance: 1RM, 5RM, 10RM
Flexibility: Sit-and-reach, shoulder, hamstring tests
Cardiovascular: Skinfolds and BMI
Resistance: Sit-ups and push-ups
Flexibility: Wingate test
Cardiovascular: Wingate and Margaria-Kalamen tests
Resistance: VO2 max
Flexibility: 1RM
Cardiovascular: Blood pressure only
Resistance: Vertical jump
Flexibility: BMI
What is the primary purpose of a needs analysis?
To select exercises the trainer prefers
To determine the unique characteristics and demands of the client’s activity or sport
To make workouts longer
To decrease the number of assessments required
Which of the following components should be included when assessing a client or athlete during a needs analysis?
Favorite foods, clothing style, and daily schedule
Physical limitations, lifestyle, exercise history, risk stratification/medications, and exercise/activity assessment
Social media usage, sleep schedule, and personal interests
Height, weight, and eye color
What is the main objective of training for sport performance?
To increase muscle soreness
To improve
performance
To reduce the number of practice sessions
To avoid using energy systems
When designing a training program, how should you match energy systems to sport?
The amount of anaerobic & aerobic practice time should be the same for every sport.
The amount of anaerobic & aerobic practice time should be less than the sport requirement.
The amount of anaerobic & aerobic practice time should be the same as the sport requirement.
The amount of anaerobic & aerobic practice time should be opposite of the sport requirement.
What does the principle of adaptation state about the rate of force development?
The rate of force development is limited and
can’t be forced beyond the body’s capacity for
development
It can be increased indefinitely with enough training
It depends only on the equipment used
It increases only when training is performed daily
Produces only minor physiological adaptation and no
performance improvements.
Under-Training
Acute Overload
Over-Reaching (Chronic Overload)
Overtraining:
Produces positive adaptations with minor
performance improvements.
Under-Training
Acute Overload
Over-Reaching (Chronic Overload)
Overtraining:
The “desired stress phase” that
produces optimal adaptation and significant performance
improvements. It’s also where athletes are closest to crossing into
overtraining.
Under-Training
Acute Overload
Over-Reaching (Chronic Overload)
Overtraining:
The phase to avoid, as it leads to a condition that can
take weeks or months to recover from.
Under-Training
Acute Overload
Over-Reaching (Chronic Overload)
Overtraining:
Which statement best describes the role of recovery in training?
Recovery is optional and does not affect performance
Adaptation takes place during the recovery
period, Incorrect recovery can lead to under or
overtraining
Adaptation occurs only during the workout itself
Recovery only matters for beginners, not advanced athletes
Which of the following are primary objectives of off-season training?
Increase competition intensity and maximize performance immediately
Prevent excessive weight gain, maintain muscle strength and endurance, maintain ligament and bone integrity, and maintain skill level
Only focus on aerobic conditioning
Eliminate all strength training to allow full rest
Which of the following best describes off-season training?
High intensity, low volume, same for all athletes, ignores weaknesses
Critical that training provides variety for the individual, usually high volume and low intensity, allows focus on areas of weakness, and should be designed for the individual
Focuses only on skill practice with no physical conditioning
Random exercises with no structure or plan
What is the main objective of pre-season training?
To maintain current skill level only
To maximize capacities of the predominant energy system used in the sport
To avoid training entirely
To randomly vary exercises
What is the general goal of in-season training?
To drastically increase strength and endurance
To maintain the fitness level developed in the pre-season training program
To focus only on rest and recovery
To completely change the training program
During the in-season, how is resistance training typically handled?
It is eliminated completely
Limited resistance training is performed
High-volume resistance training is the focus
Resistance training is only for beginners
During the in-season, the majority of training time is spent on:
Resistance training
Skill development
General fitness only
Rest and recovery
