WorksheetsFInal Exam Lecture Review
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 32mins
Which of the following is NOT a basic function of the respiratory system?
A) removing waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from the blood
B) processing olfactory stimuli
C) producing sound
D) providing a large surface area for gas exchange
Goblet cells produce __________.
A) mucus
B) glucose
C) surfactant
D) pleural fluid
Air enters the nasal passages through the __________.
A) internal nares
B) pharynx
C) laryngotympanic tube
D) external nares
The oropharynx __________.
A) contains the vestibular folds
B) is a conduit for air and food that extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue
C) contains ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D) is the most superior part of the pharynx
What skeletal muscles are needed during forceful expiration?
A) internal intercostals
B) internal and external obliques
C) external intercostals
D) both internal and external obliques, and internal intercostals
Contraction of the diaphragm __________ the intrapulmonary pressure, producing __________.
A) increases; exhalation
B) increases; inhalation
C) balances; forceful exhalation
D) decreases; inhalation
What is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages that form most of the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx?
A) epiglottis
B) arytenoid cartilage
C) cricoid cartilage
D) thyroid cartilage
There are __________ lobes in the right lung and __________ lobes in the left lung.
A) one; four
B) four; two
C) three; two
D) two; three
Which of the following is a part of the upper respiratory system?
A) paranasal sinuses
B) oropharynx
C) internal nares
D) All of the listed responses are correct.
There are __________ pairs of nasal conchae.
A) two
B) five
C) four
D) three
Which of the following is NOT part of the process of external respiration?
A) storage and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) pulmonary ventilation
C) gas absorption and release by living cells
D) gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane
Which statement about the nasopharynx is true?
A) The nasopharynx contains the opening to the auditory tubes.
B) The nasopharynx contains ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
C) The nasopharynx begins at the internal nares.
D) All of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following organs or structures is (are) uppermost in the respiratory system?
A) bronchi
B) pharynx
C) larynx
D) trachea
Which muscle does NOT increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during forceful inspiration?
A) external intercostal
B) pectoralis minor
C) external oblique
D) sternocleidomastoid
If you __________ the pressure of a gas, __________ of those gas molecules can enter into a liquid.
A) increase; more
B) decrease; more
C) increase; fewer
D) decrease; none
The walls of the primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi contain progressively __________ amounts of cartilage and __________ amounts of smooth muscle.
A) greater; greater
B) greater; lesser
C) lesser; greater
D) lesser; lesser
The lining of the alveolus is coated with an oily secretion called __________.
A) surfactant.
B) mucus
C) saliva
D) None of the listed responses is correct
Particles that reach the alveoli are consumed by __________.
A) neutrophils
B) eosinophils
C) macrophages
D) goblet cells
Surfactant __________.
A) makes breathing more difficult
B) has no effect on surface tension
C) increases surface tension
D) decreases surface tension
Put the following structures in order: 1 terminal bronchiole 2 respiratory bronchiole 3 primary bronchus 4 tertiary bronchus 5 secondary bronchus 6 alveoli
A) 3-5-6-1-2-4
B) 3-5-1-4-2-6
C) 3-5-4-1-2-6
D) 3-5-4-1-6-2
The tidal volume __________.
A) is equal to about 500 mL AND is the total amount of air moving into or out of the lungs when at rest within a single respiratory cycle
B) is equal to about 500 mL
C) is the total amount of air left in the lungs following a single expiration
D) is the amount of air moving into or out of the lungs when at rest within a single respiratory cycle
Because the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is greater than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs, __________ oxygen should dissolve in the blood __________.
A) less; more rapidly
B) more; more rapidly
C) an equal amount of; rapidly
D) less; less rapidly
Which of the following is NOT a reason why gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient?
A) The differences in partial pressure across the respiratory membrane are substantial.
B) The total surface area is large.
C) The gases are water soluble.
D) The distances involved are small
Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
A) homeostatic regulation of the volume and solute concentration of blood plasma
B) introduction of plasma proteins into blood plasma
C) removal of organic waste products from body fluids
D) elimination of waste into the environment
What is the initial factor that determines whether urine will be produced?
A) filtration
B) absorption
C) secretion
D) Activation
ADH stimulates the reabsorption of water in __________.
A) the nephron loop
B) the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
C) both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting system
D) the collecting system
The region of the kidney containing the renal pyramids, renal columns, and interlobar arteries is called the __________.
A) renal medulla
B) renal cortex
C) renal functional unit
D) renal pelvis
Blood supply to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron is provided by the __________.
A) segmental veins
B) interlobular veins
C) afferent arterioles
D) peritubular capillaries
What is the expanded, funnel-shaped structure in the kidney leading to the ureter?
A) renal hilum
B) renal pelvis
C) renal calyces
D) urethra
What are the three concentric layers of connective tissue that protect and anchor the kidneys?
A) fibrous capsule, perinephric fat capsule, and renal fascia
B) major calyces, minor calyces, and renal pyramids
C) cortex, medulla, and papillae
D) hilum, renal sinus, and renal corpuscle
The thin segments in the nephron loop are __________.
A) freely permeable to water and relatively impermeable to ions and other solutes
B) relatively impermeable to water and freely permeable to ions and other solutes
C) freely permeable to water, ions, and other solutes
D) relatively impermeable to water, ions, and other solutes
The thick segments in the nephron loop __________.
A) contain transport mechanisms that pump materials out of the filtrate
B) contain an aldosterone-regulated pump
C) contain diffusion mechanisms for getting rid of excess water
D) are characterized by ADH-regulated permeability
In a nephron, the long tubular passageway through which the filtrate passes includes the __________.
A) nephron loop and the collecting and papillary ducts
B) collecting tubule, collecting duct, and papillary duct
C) renal corpuscle, renal tubule, and renal pelvis
D) proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the nephron loop
What is the primary site in the nephron where the loss of water, sodium, and potassium ions is regulated?
A) nephron loop and collecting duct
B) glomerulus
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is NOT reabsorbed in the nephron loop?
A) sodium
B) water
C) chloride
D) bicarbonate
What is the primary site for secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions into the filtrate?
A) nephron loop
B) renal corpuscle
C) proximal convoluted tubule
D) distal convoluted tubule
The filtration of plasma that generates approximately 80 liters/day of filtrate occurs in the __________.
A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) renal corpuscle
C) nephron loop
D) distal convoluted tubule
Which portion of the renal segment is under ADH and aldosterone stimulation?
A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) nephron loop
C) vasa recta
D) distal convoluted tubule
When antidiuretic hormone levels rise, the distal convoluted tubule becomes __________.
A) more permeable to water; water reabsorption increases
B) more permeable to water; water reabsorption decreases
C) less permeable to water; reabsorption of water increases
D) less permeable to water; reabsorption of water decreases
Which of the following organic wastes is generated from the catabolism of amino acids?
A) creatinine
B) uric acid
C) urea
D) None of the listed responses is correct.
The average pH for normal urine is about __________.
A) 5.0
B) 6.0
C) 7.0
D) 8.0
Aldosterone stimulates ion pumps along the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the collecting tubule, and the collecting duct, causing __________.
A) a decrease in the concentration of the filtrate
B) countercurrent multiplication
C) an increase in the number of sodium ions lost in the urine
D) a reduction in the number of sodium ions lost in the urine
Which mechanism is important in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids when their concentrations in the filtrate are relatively high?
A) active transport
B) facilitated transport
C) pinocytosis
D) countertransport
What is the primary site of nutrient reabsorption in the nephron?
A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) nephron loop
C) renal corpuscle
D) distal convoluted tubule
The active process that occurs when materials enter the digestive tract via the mouth is __________.
A) secretion
B) excretion
C) ingestion
D) Absorption
Which of the following major layers of the digestive tract is described as a layer of dense irregular connective tissue filled with blood vessels and the plexus of Meissner?
A) submucosa
B) muscularis externa
C) mucosa
D) serosa
The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity include the __________.
A) parotid, sublingual, and submandibular
B) pharyngeal, palatoglossal, and palatopharyngeal
C) lingual, labial, and frenulum
D) uvular, ankyloglossic, and hypoglossal
Which of the following salivary glands produce salivary amylase, a carbohydrate-digesting enzyme?
A) submandibular salivary glands
B) sublingual glands
C) parotid glands
D) both parotid glands and submandibular salivary glands
Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?
A) lubrication of the mouth
B) initial digestion of proteins
C) lubrication of food
D) initial digestion of carbohydrates
On its way to the esophagus, food normally passes through the __________.
A) lower esophageal sphincter
B) oropharynx and laryngopharynx
C) pharyngeal sphincter
D) oropharynx and laryngopharynx, lower esophageal sphincter, and pharyngeal sphincter
Bile entering the gallbladder must pass through the __________.
A) common hepatic duct
B) hepatopancreatic sphincter
C) duodenal papilla
D) cystic duct
The nutrients that can be absorbed without preliminary processing but may involve special transport mechanisms are __________.
A) nucleic acids, minerals, and enzymes
B) lactose, fructose, and galactose
C) water, electrolytes, and vitamins
D) carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
A) killing microorganisms
B) breaking down disaccharides into monosaccharides
C) activating pepsin
D) facilitating protein digestion
When two fluids are separated by a selectively permeable membrane, water tends to flow into the solution that has the __________.
A) lower concentration of solutes
B) same osmolarity on each side of the membrane
C) higher concentration of solutes
D) proper osmotic equilibrium
Gastric glands, which produce most of the gastric juice, are abundant in which of the following regions of the stomach?
A) pylorus
B) body
C) fundus
D) both fundus and body
The plicae of the intestinal mucosa, which bears the intestinal villi, are structural features that __________.
A) initiate enterogastric reflexes that accelerate the digestive process
B) provide for gastric contractions that churn and swirl the gastric contents
C) stabilize the mesenteries attached to the dorsal body wall
D) increase the total surface area for absorption
The primary functions of intestinal juice include which of the following?
A) to assist in buffering acids
B) to dissolve digestive enzymes and the products of digestion
C) to moisten the chyme
D) All of the listed responses are correct.
The muscular sphincter that guards the entrance between the ileum and the cecum is the __________.
A) taenia coli
B) ileocecal valve
C) gastrointestinal sphincter
D) pyloric sphincter
Metabolism refers to __________.
A) only the digestion of foods and production of wastes
B) only the intake of sodium in foods and the loss of sodium in sweat and tears
C) only the balance between drinking water and sweating
D) all the chemical reactions in the body
The process that breaks down organic substrates, releasing energy that can be used to synthesize ATP or other high-energy compounds, is __________.
A) anabolism
B) oxidation
C) metabolism
D) catabolism
In glycolysis, six-carbon glucose molecules are broken down into two three- carbon molecules of __________.
A) acetyl-CoA
B) oxaloacetic acid
C) citric acid
D) pyruvic acid
A cell with excess carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids will break down carbohydrates to __________.
A) provide tissue growth and repair
B) provide metabolic regulation
C) obtain energy
D) obtain energy, provide tissue growth and repair, and provide metabolic regulation
Why is it that lipids CANNOT provide large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a short period of time?
A) Lipids are insoluble, and it is difficult for water-soluble enzymes to reach them.
B) Lipid reserves are difficult to mobilize.
C) Most lipids are processed in mitochondria, and mitochondrial activity is limited by the availability of oxygen.
D) All of the listed responses are correct.
