Where would you find the words below?

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or

immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person

of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

What constitutional clause did the Supreme Court use to justify selective incorporation, applying provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states?

The arc of American government is a story characterized by

Why is the Incorporation Doctrine often called selective incorporation?

Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases used the incorporation doctrine to extend the right to an attorney in State cases?

Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases defined privacy as a fundamental legal protection found implicitly in the Bill of Rights?

Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases extended privacy rights to include a woman’s right to choose an abortion?

Where in the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court explicitly find the right to privacy?

In addition to advancing personal liberties, the Fourteenth Amendment has often been used to support social movements as well. If personal liberties were advanced by “due process,” social movements were advanced by

___________ protects individuals and their individual rights. ___________ protects groups and their equal treatment.

Our form of democratic-republicanism upholds majority rules while putting in place protections for minority rights. When rights are extended to minority groups as a whole it is often referred to as

African-Americans found their quest for civil rights both daunting and frustrating. Jim Crow laws in the South relegated them to second-class citizens. In which political arena did AfricanAmericans find their earliest civil rights successes?

Civil rights has been extended in a number of Supreme Court landmark cases. In which case would you read the following opinion:

“ We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.”

Which of the following acts of the U.S. Congress outlawed discrimination in public

accommodations based upon race?

African-Americans were not the only marginalized groups to win political victories in the wake of the civil rights movement. Title IX of the Education Amendments in 1972

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s essay Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1993) inspired many to fight for greater equality. King’s personal message in this essay can be distilled down to

Women as well saw their liberties improved during the civil rights movement thanks in part to a number of outspoken leaders. Betty Friedan and others founded the advocacy group

. __________ segregation is segregation by law and _____________ segregation is segregation by private choice.

Public policy promoting civil rights is influenced by citizen-state interactions and constitutional interpretation over time. There have been times when the state coercively acted to prevent full equality. In this case the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” was constitutionally protected

The early civil rights movement in the 1950s found its greatest successes

Segregation, discrimination and prejudice in places of commerce would no longer be accepted due to this historic piece of legislation:

African-Americans were not the only marginalized groups to win political victories in the wake of the civil rights movement. One of the more notable victories occurred for women with this law that prohibited any form of discrimination on the basis of gender in any education program or activity

Which of the following best explains the role federalism plays on the extension of civil rights?

Rules to suppress black political participation through literacy tests were outlawed in this historical piece of legislation

“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” This text is most likely an excerpt from what historic civil rights law?

The “separate but equal” precedent was established in this landmark civil rights case

The “separate but equal” precedent was overturned in this landmark civil rights case

What constitutional clause has the Supreme Court used to justify the extension of civil rights to all citizens in every state?

This “civil rights policy premised on the concept of group rather than individual rights, which seeks equality of results rather than equality of opportunity.”

Which of the following best describes recent trends in the Court’s interpretation of affirmative action precedent?

Affirmative Action is typically supported by

. This government policy aims at achieving racial and gender balance

Those who oppose affirmative action claim that constitutional equality means a government policy of

Affirmative action programs were put in place to offer racial minorities a chance to catch up for past discrimination. Which of the following would be an example of a constitutionally protected affirmative action program?

Civil rights protections have proven to be a dynamic force throughout American history. At times they have been restrictive and at other times more permissive. Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) upheld state laws that prohibited same sex activities. More recently, in this case state laws banning same sex marriage were overturned

Civil liberties are constitutionally established guarantees and freedoms that protect citizens, opinions and property against arbitrary government interference. Which of the following would be an example of arbitrary governmental interference?

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. These words would be found in the

The U.S. Supreme Court in District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) argued:

Undoubtedly some think that the Second Amendment is outmoded in a society where our standing army is the pride of our Nation, where well-trained police forces provide personal security, and where gun violence is a serious problem. That is perhaps debatable, but what is not debatable is that it is not the role of this Court to pronounce the Second Amendment extinct.

What was the pragmatic effect of this court precedent?

In this case the Supreme Court made sure that state and local laws no longer infringed upon a citizens’ right to bear arms

When the Supreme Court applied the national protections to “bear arms” to the states, what root principle of government was challenged?

Who ultimately decides what the “right to bear arms” means?

In response to a summer of violence, the city of Chicago and its city council decided to restrict gun shops from selling certain types of ammunition in order to protect neighborhoods. A Chicago resident, an owner of a gun shop, sued the city claiming its new policy violated the precedent in this case

Which of the following is a common criticism given for applying a universal 2nd Amendment standard to all 50-states?

Provisions of the U.S. Constitution’s Bill of Rights are continually being interpreted to balance the power of

All of the following amendments provide constitutional protection to the rights of the accused EXCEPT

Where in the U.S. Constitution would you find: “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.”

The Bill of Rights contains many diverse protections. In addition to political rights like speech and press they also protect us from oppressive police powers. All of the following is protected in the Bill of Rights EXCEPT:

Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases incorporated the exclusionary rule?

Privacy rights would appear to be one of our basic freedoms. In our lifetime our privacy rights have been compromised due to fear of further terrorist attacks. Congress has formally compromised our individual privacy rights through the passage of

Among other things the Bill of Rights protects private property. Yet governments can take private property for “public use” as long as “fair compensation” is given. This Fifth Amendment protection is called

Alexander Hamilton wrote in Federalist 51: If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton’s argument?

he police entered Tom’s apartment without a legal warrant based upon an informant’s tip that illegal drugs were present. Drugs were found. At trial the judge agreed with Tom’s attorney who claimed the evidence was inadmissible. What legal principle did the judge base her opinion on

“Pleading the Fifth” has become almost cliché. Which of the following best exemplifies this practice?

. When more and more state legislatures limit capital punishment what principle of our government is exemplified?

The Selective Incorporation Doctrine shifted responsibility to the national government in a dramatic way. This power grab has resulted in all of the following EXCEPT

Before being selectively incorporated, the Second Amendment

Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases extended the Second Amendment’s right “to bear arms” to the states using the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

Some have called the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment as equivalent to having a second constitutional convention. Why?

The extension of the Bill of Rights to the States is called

Some have called the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment as equivalent to having a second constitutional convention. The national government assumed more authority over state and local governments. What governing principles were advanced with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment?

Where in the U.S. Constitution would you find: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

Today virtually all of our civil liberties as guaranteed in the Bill of Rights have been applied to the States. What legal principle has the Supreme Court used to apply the Bill of Rights to the States?

Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases used the incorporation doctrine to extend the right to an attorney in State cases?

What resulted from “selective incorporation”?

A person was arrested and the police detectives immediately started asking questions about the crime committed. The accused person was very nervous, but started answering the questions. Later the accused person's lawyer challenged the evidence collected, because one of their liberties wasn't protected- which liberty was it?

Which of the following liberties is NOT found in the first amendment?

Which liberty/amendment was incorporated as a result of the Supreme Court ruling in McDonald v Chicago?

The Bill of Rights were added to our U.S. Constitution primarily to

Civil liberties are constitutionally established guarantees and freedoms that protect citizens, opinions and property against arbitrary government interference. Which of the following would be an example of arbitrary governmental interference?

. In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. These words would be found in the

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. These words would be found in the

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. These words would be found in the

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. These words would be found in the

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. These words would be found in the

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. These words would be found in the

The first Congress added a Bill of Rights to the original Constitution. The Bill of Rights was added to increase the loyalty of the people. What fundamental worry did the Bill of Rights address?

The primary goal of the Bill of Rights when it was ratified was to

Two clauses of the First Amendment deal with our religious liberty. They are

. In Engel vs. Vitale (1962) the Supreme Court faced severe criticism for ruling this practice unconstitutional.

What constitutional clause did the Supreme Court use to rule in the Engel case?

In this case the Supreme Court ruled that the Amish, a religious group, was exempt from complying with compulsory education attendance laws.

What constitutional clause did the Supreme Court use to allow religious exemptions to certain state laws?

Which of the following civil liberties have been granted a preferred position by the U.S. Supreme Court?

Which of the following protections would NOT be found in the First Amendment?

. As much as we value free speech, courts have recognized limits. Which of the following would not be constitutionally protected free speech?

Justice Holmes famously wrote in this court opinion, “…Free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater.” The ruling precedent of this case established the clear and present danger standard.

The defining limit on free speech today, according to this court case, is imminent lawlessness

Do students lose their rights when they walk through the schoolhouse gate? In this case the court said no.

Freedom of speech has been extended to children inside the schoolhouse gate. Yet there are limits. In the case Morse vs. Frederick (2007) the Supreme Court did not protect a student’s right to

Free speech, according to the courts, also protects symbolic speech. An example of symbolic speech would be

Though this case permitted the controversial Pentagon Papers to be printed, the Court recognized that our freedom of the press could be limited by national security

Prior restraint is another name fo

. There is a heavy presumption against the government limiting a free press. Which of the following scenarios would likely meet that standard, allowing the government to limit the press?