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WorksheetsMidterm APhug
Total questions: 133
Worksheet time: 7hrs 39mins
A formal region defines an area in which...
a unified government system has been established
there is uniformity in one or more physical or human characteristics
a transportation network links different types of land uses
there are significant geographic variations in physical or human characteristics
Which of the following describes the perspective of environmental determinism?
a former scientific viewpoint stating that factors within the physical geography of a region shape the local population's culture and behaviors
A twentieth-century idea that human cultures are imprinted on the landscape in different forms of land use and architecture
a theory that humans hold the ability to modify the earth's physical geography to meet the resource needs of a society
a belief system that based on an ideology that humans have domination over Earth and its natural resources
Which of the following terms best describes regions that make up the political geographic divisions within a country?
cultural
vernacular
perceptual
formal
Which of the following sets of maps would explain how the scale of inquiry affects truth?
maps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and be the earliest European travelers
maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state
maps showing the area of France before and after surveying
maps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the decades before and after the Depression
A formal culture region differs from other regions in that it...
has one focal point or node
applies to only linguistic and religion regions
has a selected feature or internal uniformity
does not contain gradations such as core, domain, and sphere
Water shed: a region in which all rainfall eventually flows downhill through a system of streams and tributaries into the same body of water, such as the catchment basin of a river or lake
Milk shed: A region in which fresh milk is produced and can be delivered without spoilage for sale and consumption. A dairy farm sits at the center of an area, the size of which is determined by how far the fresh milk can be shipped and still maintain shelf- life for consumers
Given the definitions, watersheds and milk sheds can be best classified as what type or region?
culture
vernacular
functional
formal
industrial
every map projection has some degree of distortion because...
a curved surface can not be represented on a flat surface without distortion
latitude lines are shorter than meridian lines
earth is not a perfect sphere
the grid system is 2 dimensional, while the real world is three dimensional
parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe
These images show a topographic map and a geographic information systems (GIS) representation of Mount Shasta in California. Which of the following statements best explains why there printed images are geometrically distorted representations of Earth's surface?
Printed maps alter the sense of place that people can have about a location
the three dimensions of Earth's surface are displayed on a two dimensional page
the planet's gravitational poles are not located at the points of Earth's axis
GIS can only display two dimensional layers
some maps do not show actual colorization of Earth's surface and vegetation
Which of the following statements about the Robinson Projection is correct?
It is more useful for a long distance navigation than the Mercator projection
It is better for estimating territorial waters in lower latitudes than the Mercator
It is better for making topographical maps than the Mercator projection
it is more useful for showing the distribution of human populations than the Mercator Projection
It is more accurate than the Mercator projection in showing the sizes of countries in higher latitudes
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mercator Projection
the size and shape of countries in higher altitudes are greatly exaggerated
the size of all countries is accurate, but the shape is distorted
countries near the equator appear 50% larger than countries in the mid latitudes
the projection is designed to maintain undistorted outlines of landmasses
distances on the Mercator projection are real and accurate
Why would a town planner use a map at the 1:24,000 scale rather than a map at the 1:250,000 scale?
The map at a 1:24,000 scale shows a much larger area
The map at the 1:250,000 scale shows to small of an area to see the whole town
The map at the 1:24,000 scale shows the town close-up in more detail
The map at the 1:250,000 scale shows the town in too much detail
The map at a 1:24,000 scale is easily converted to non-metric measurements
The map below best fits which of the following map types?
Choropleth
Cartogram
Proportional symbol
Dot symbol
Isoline
Which of the following is a limitation of the map of Hispanic population percentage?
The small size of urban counties in the Eastern United States masks the significance of the Hispanic population in most eastern cities.
Larger county sizes in the western United States mask the significance of the Hispanic population in most western counties
States with the largest total populations mask the significance of the Hispanic population in those states
States with the smallest total populations mask the significance of the Hispanic population in those states
The pattern shown is not different than the pattern of early Hispanic settlement during the era of colonization
Which of the following concepts could best be explained by the theory of possibilism?
Changes in population growth rates over time
Modifications of landscapes by human culture
Regional differences between the internal structure of cities
Limitations on agricultural crops based on climate
Political patterns seen in election maps
Which of the following best describes the type of information provided in the directions?
absolute location
relative location
cultural landscape
geographic information systems
cartographic principles
Which of the following best describes the data presented in the image?
Cartogram of quantitative spatial information
Remote sensing satellite image of land use
Series of geographic information systems layers
Political map of a region
Coordinates for a satellite navigation system
Which of the following spatial patterns accurately describes the data presented in the map?
Most continents have countries with secondary school enrollments below 75 percent.
There are no countries in Africa with secondary school enrollments above 90 percent.
The majority of countries with less than 70 percent secondary school enrollment are in sub-Saharan Africa.
The secondary school enrollment is proportional to population density.
Landlocked countries have secondary school enrollments above 90 percent
Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern of ethnicity in Singapore's neighborhoods?
Malay is the largest ethnic group, ethnic Chinese live in the center of the city, and ethnic Indians live in the peripheral neighborhoods.
The three major ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese, and Indian, are evenly distributed across the city.
Ethnic Chinese residents are in the majority across most of the city, while ethnic Malay and ethnic Indian residents are concentrated in the peripheral neighborhoods.
Ethnic Malay and ethnic Indians are evenly distributed throughout the city, while Chinese are only in the majority within the core central neighborhoods.
Indians are the largest ethnic group, ethnic Chinese live in the center of the city, and ethnic Malay live in the peripheral neighborhoods.
The maps show residential neighborhoods in the Republic of Singapore. Which of the following individuals or organizations would be most likely to make a decision based on the spatial pattern shown on the maps?
A person planning to move from a more rural area to a more urban area within Singapore
A business analyzing demographic change over time within its market area
An environmental advocacy group seeking to protect habitats of vulnerable species
A government agency seeking to promote equal opportunities across ethnicities
A multinational corporation identifying a location for a new factory
Which of the following global trends best exemplifies the concept of sustainability?
An increase in the use of agricultural pesticides, because farms using agricultural chemicals produce more food.
An increase in the use of electric vehicles, because their reduced emissions result in less environmental pollution.
A decrease in the amount of polar sea ice, because it opens more sea lanes for shipping.
An increase in the number of people living in coastal areas, because residents will feel more connected to nature.
A decrease in the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture, because large irrigated farms produce food more efficiently.
The concept of environmental sustainability is best explained by which of the following examples?
Strip-mining of coal on mountainsides, to keep miners from working in underground conditions
Terracing rice paddies on hillsides, to prevent soil erosion and provide gravity-fed irrigation
Clear-cutting trees in coastal woodlands, to provide building materials for constructing homes
Fattening cattle in dryland feedlots, to practice agriculture efficiently and at the lowest cost
Draining of wetlands in residential areas, to reduce the presence of stinging insects
Twenty-four specific objects transmit complex radio codes, including time signals traveling at the speed of light. You can contact at least 4 of the 24 objects at any time of day or night.
The technology described above allows the determination of which of the following?
The amount of detail that can be shown on a topographic map
Absolute location on the surface of Earth
The number of layers that can be accommodated in a geographic information system
Distances from radio transmission towers and subsidiary satellite dishes
The weather forecast for any area
Which of the following are the best examples of vernacular regions?
The Canadian Maritimes and the Northwest Territory
South Africa and Australia
Scandinavia and the Iberian Peninsula
The American West and the American Midwest
South America and the Caribbean
Which of the following places does not have strong connectivity?
New York, New York
Nashville, Tennessee
Anchorage, Alaska
Phoenix, Arizona
Detroit, Michigan
Which geographer adopted a system of latitude and longitude based on 360 degrees?
Eratosthenes
Ptolemy
Immanuel Kant
Friedrich Ratzel
Alexander von Humboldt
The ability to travel and communicate over greater distances in shorter amounts of time, due to technological innovations such as the airplane, automobile, telephone, and Internet, represents the idea of
Time-space compression
Stimulus diffusion
Friction of distance
Relocation diffusion
Possibilism
The arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth’s surface is
Spatial analysis
Regional dissociation
Spatial association
Dispersal
Distribution
A geographer would be primarily interested in determining or locating a suitable __________ if he were wishing to study a remote, rural valley in western Africa where diamonds are mined.
Jurisdiction
Geocache
Site
Situation
Toponym
Which of the following types of maps would have the largest scale?
Country
Continent
World
City
State
Globalization of the economy has...
Increased regional specialization of production.
Drained resources from more developed countries.
Heightened economic differences among places.
Decreased investment in less developed countries.
Leveled economic differences between places.
According to the surviving evidence, the first person to write the word geography and calculate the circumference of the Earth was...
Eratosthenes
Thucydides
Strabo
Maximus Decimus Meridius
Aristotle
The map shows the number of people per unit of land. Which of the following types of data are shown in the map?
Arithmetic density
Physiological density
Agricultural density
Urban density
Suburban density
The measure of the average number of children who are born to women of childbearing age in the population is called
Actual birth rate
Crude birth rate
Total fertility rate
Adjusted birth rate
Net reproduction ratio
Based on the population pyramid below, which of the following will pose the greatest demographic challenge to China beginning 2029?
Providing the needs of its aging population
Finding enough teachers to educate the young
Limiting out-migration of the 60- to 64-year-old age cohort
Providing prenatal medical care
Controlling population growth
A student who lives in Minneapolis chooses to spend her spring break in Florida rather than in Jamaica because Florida is closer and the plane fare is cheaper. This type of decision-making best illustrates the concept of
Human capital
Time space compression
Intervening opportunities
The rank size rule
Central place theory
Which population pyramid shown above best represents a college town
a
b
c
d
e
Which population pyramid above best represents a town with a military base (same as above)
a
b
c
d
e
Based on the data provided, which of the following best describes how changing roles for women influence patterns of social behavior
Similar birth rates shown in the table for France, Russia, Brazil, and China indicate that women in these countries have access to similar levels of education.
High death rates shown in the table for Nigeria and Russia reveal a similar lack of women’s rights and access to health care in these countries.
Women living in France choose to have less children but die at higher rates than in Egypt due to greater pollution in industrialized countries such as France.
Higher birth rates in African countries suggest that women in African countries have less access to education and employment than European women.
All women in developing countries have higher fertility rates due to the lack of medical care and political rights.
Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of China’s antinatalist one-child policy
A dramatic reduction of the birth rate and a decline of the rate of natural increase rate, resulting in lower population growth.
Agricultural families were forced to relocate to the nearest city to search for employment, resulting in increased urban population.
A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people.
Decreased spending on childhood expenses, such as education and nursery supplies results in a drop in domestic economic productivity.
A decreased emphasis on education due to the decreasing numbers of school-age children results in a loss of international competitiveness.
Country A is a more developed country with a low birth rate, a low total fertility rate, a high life expectancy, and a high percentage of urban population. Based on this information, which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur in Country A?
Guest workers from less developed countries are needed to fill the labor shortages in urban areas.
Falling birth rates and declining youth populations result in an increase in school construction in urban areas.
Pressures on pension and social security programs are at critical levels as the number of elderly increases.
Provincial and national politicians must tailor their political campaigns to appeal to rural voters.
Suburban house construction declines as elderly populations downsize and seek to be closer to urban amenities.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the demographic transition model?
It is applicable to only 18th century Europe
It predicts the growth of population in Russia reasonably well
It divides the demographic changes of a country into two stages slow growth and fast growth
It supports the idea that technology can remove or extend the limits on food production
It is characterized by relatively low growth rates at stage 1 and stage 4.
Which of the following best explains a possible limitation of the trends assumed from the population pyramid and estimates in the data table?
A period of war followed by a baby boom, similar to that of the 1940s and 1950s, is likely to occur within a generation, increasing the youth-aged cohorts.
Modernization of health-care systems may result in improvements in women’s health and pregnancy and result in more children being born, increasing the youth-aged cohorts.
Labor shortages may cause the government to reduce the legal barriers to immigration, and immigrant populations could increase the working-age cohorts.
Decreasing populations may cause an economic decline, prompting many citizens to emigrate to other more developed countries and decreasing the working-age cohorts.
Production efficiencies gained from computerization and robotization of manufacturing may free parents from long work hours and result in more time to have additional children, increasing the youth-aged cohorts.
What changes could local governments, businesses, and corporations make to reverse Japan’s national birth patterns?
Decreasing transportation costs to allow workers to commute from locations farther outside of densely populated urban centers
Adding low-cost or zero-cost infant day care and preschool centers to allow mothers to return to the workforce
Reducing the time off allowed for maternity leave and incentivizing working mothers to return to the workforce
Enforcing a two-child policy for all families, requiring a minimum of two children per family to become eligible to receive school services and work benefits
Increasing access to family planning clinics and making doctor’s office visits free for women patients
What is likely impact of the numerical change by 2050 of the total population on the eventual shape of Japan’s population pyramid?
Since the impact will be gradual over a 40-year period, the 2050 population pyramid likely will not change.
Because of low birth rates over many years, by 2050 Japan will likely attain a column-shaped population pyramid.
Owing to the large numbers of pregnancies in the growing reproductive-age cohorts, in 2050 the population pyramid will likely have the shape of a pentagon.
Because of an increasing death rate due to an older population, in 2050 the population pyramid will likely have the shape of an equilateral triangle.
Because of low birth rates over many years, the 2050 population pyramid will likely be an inverted pyramid.
14. Even though total fertility rates have been declining in some less-developed countries, the total population has continued to grow. This is primarily because a high percentage of the population is...
Female
Male
Over the age of 15
Under the age of 15
Receiving adequate medical care
In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the demographic transition in Europe was best characterized by
A shift in the composition of national populations toward greater ethnic balance
A net population decline resulting from an excess of deaths over births
Migration between European countries
Large-scale population movements following periods of war or widespread civil unrest
Urbanization and falling birth rates
Which statement best describes population growth patterns in the world today?
In the world as a whole, women have an average of five or more children, leading to Malthusian crises.
Fertility rates in low- and middle-income countries worldwide are higher now than 25 years ago.
In the world as a whole, fertility rates have fallen in the last 25 years.
In sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Pacific, fertility rates have doubled in the last 25 years.
Fertility rates in most high-income countries have risen in the last 25 years.
The nineteenth-century emigration of a large number of Swedes from a particular region of Sweden to Isanti County, Minnesota, as a result of communications from friends and relatives who preceded them there is an example of
Brain drain
Cain migration
Net migration
Internal migration
Counterurbanization
Which of the following statements best describes how the epidemiologic transition affects the demographic transition?
The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 1 of the demographic transition, causing a fluctuation in birth and death rates.
Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause death rates to fall in stage 2 of the demographic transition.
Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause birth rates to fall in stage 3 of the demographic transition.
The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 4 of the demographic transition, causing a slowing of the rate of natural increase.
The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 5 of the demographic transition as famines and wars cause a total population decline.
In the model shown (DTM), the lines for birth rate, death rate, and total population are indicators of a country’s
Cycles of economic boom and bust over time
Level of social and economic development over time
Demographic change following a period of warfare
Demographic change following a period of famine
Demographic change following a period of totalitarian government
The demographic transition is a general model that seeks to explain
The relationship between the size of age cohorts and natural population change
How variations in population size and food supply can lead to periods of crisis
The effects of changes in population size on the gross domestic product
Variations in population size, population migration rates, and the rate of natural increase
How the differences in birth and death rates result in natural population change
A refugee enters the European Union in Italy and is temporarily housed in Germany. He is then granted asylum and is permanently settled in Sweden. Which of the following describes this type of migration that is facilitated by the European Union’s open border policies?
Chain migration within the refugee’s family and social network
Guest worker migration based upon the free movement of labor
As an internally displaced person within a single state
Step migration across member states to a final destination
As a rural-to-urban migrant seeking employment opportunities
Which of the following explains a significant positive impact that the immigration of large populations of Chinese people had on places like Vancouver and Los Angeles?
The increase of large populations of Chinese people established Cantonese as the lingua franca, allowing immigrants and local people to communicate.
The assimilation of Chinese immigrants created stability in their new city neighborhoods, giving the immigrants political power.
Most Chinese immigrants converted to the dominant religions of their new cities, prompting the construction of many new churches.
Chinese immigrants established businesses and religious centers that provided their new cities with greater access to elements of Chinese culture such as arts, cuisine, and religion.
Chinese neighborhoods were established on the outskirts of these cities as agricultural trade centers, introducing Asian crops to North America.
During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which of the following types of intraregional migration was the most prominent worldwide?
Rural to urban
Urban to suburban
Inland to coastal
Highland to lowland
Urban to rural
Which factor is most responsible for the increase in Japan’s dependency ratio?
An increase in life expectancy
An increase in death rate
An increase in the rate of natural increase
A decrease in the doubling time
An increase in the total fertility rate
Which of the following most characteristic of societies currently in the last stage of demographic transition
Hyperinflation
Unemployment
Youth dependency
Aging population
Overpopulation
In 1798 Thomas Malthus argued that populations grew exponentially while food supplies grew arithmetically. Consequently, Malthus argued that food shortages would develop until famine and other checks slowed population growth. What statement correctly explains why Malthus’ prediction did not come true in 1800s Europe?
Urbanization resulted in smaller household sizes, and the mechanization of agriculture increased food production.
Immigration to Europe and the abolition of slavery resulted in a more productive agricultural labor force.
Rising education levels among women and increased numbers of single-person households reduced fertility and the demand for food.
Antinatalist population policies placed limits on the number of children per family and reduced the demand for food.
Global trade in manufactured food products increased the food supply and offset the demand for food.
Since 2000 the global pattern of international migration has resulted in most migrants seeking destinations that are best described as
Rural agricultural regions
Urban and suburban areas
Less developed countries
Protected environmental zones
Tourism and pilgrimage sites
The flow lines on the map below most likely represent the movement of
Tourists
Refugees
Guest workers
Illegal drugs
Petroleum
In which of the following contexts could a neo-Malthusian perspective most successfully explain population characteristics?
A country experiencing population decline, where birth rates are low
A country with a low rate of natural population increase, where a small percentage of citizens work in agriculture
A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk
A country experiencing significant out-migration, where economic conditions lead many job seekers to move to other countries
A country recovering from an environmental disaster, where infrastructure must be rebuilt
Which of the following best explains the significant difference in North Africa’s demographic data from the rest of the African continent and North Africa’s closer similarity to global demographic data?
North African improvements in nutrition, health care, and sanitation have reduced birth and death rates as well as improved life expectancies over time.
North African declines in nutrition, health care, and sanitation have resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time.
North African investment in transportation and energy sectors has reduced birth and death rates as well as improved life expectancies over time.
Foreign investment in North Africa’s transportation and energy sectors has resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time.
North African business losses in transportation and energy sectors have resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time.
On the map below, which one of the following boxes is in an area where the population density is high and the level of economic development is low?
a
b
c
d
e
In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the United States EXCEPT
Immigration from Latin America
High levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West
Cheap land and labor
Climatic changes leading to colder northern winters
The increasing demand for retirement and resort centers
In the early twenty-first century, the largest number of refugees is located on which of the following continents
Africa
Australia
Europe
North America
South America
The ability of a resource base to sustain a population is known as its
Support ratio
Carrying capacity
Subsistence limit
Basic employment
Population pressure
Since 2000, people in the largest category of international migrants seeking asylum in a different country are best described as
Families looking for employment opportunities
Women seeking higher-education opportunities
Individuals fleeing conditions of armed conflict
Youths seeking seasonal farm employment
Men seeking construction or energy-sector jobs
A country in the first stage of the demographic transition demonstrates which of the following?
An old population age structure
High birth rates, but low deaths rates
Low birth rates, low death rates, and low rates of population growth
High birth rates, high deaths rates, and low rates of population growth
High birth rates, high death rates, and high rates of population growth
The dependency ratio is most useful for indicating the
reliance of a country on imported fossil fuels
degree of gender equality within a country
relationship between the total fertility rate and the infant mortality rate
percentage of foreign ownership within the secondary sector of a country’s economy
relationship between the potential labor force and the remainder of a country’s population
The Mathusian view of world argues that
the contemporary problem of famine in developing countries is a result of the colonial legacy
the problem of population growth is a result of economic underdevelopment
one way to solve population growth in developing countries is to reduce their foreign debt
famine in developing countries can be explained by examining their patterns of population growth
population growth is helpful to developing countries because it provides a larger rural workforce
It can be inferred from global patterns of a population growth that the country most likely to be in West Africa is
Country I
Country II
Country III
Country IV
Country V
One would expect to find a population with a relatively young age structure in
Less developed countries
Highly developed countries
Countries with a low death rate
Countries with a low fertility rate
Countries with a high standard of living
Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation?
A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood.
Despite the large number of historic churches in France, many French identify as nonreligious and believe that religion is a private matter.
The island of Mauritius has large populations of Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. The constitution of Mauritius prohibits discrimination and protects freedom of religion.
The American government educated Native American children in American-style boarding schools. All of the children were taught English, and girls were taught how to be homemakers.
Hinduism diffused from India to Bali, where it blended with traditional Balinese beliefs to create a form of Hinduism unique to Bali.
2. The state of California, often considered a hearth of environmental laws, will be the first state to ban plastic straws. Which of the following statements best describes the likely spread of this environmental practice?
This practice will likely spread via hierarchical diffusion when the president of the United States signs an executive order banning plastic straws in all states.
This practice will likely spread via social media and stimulus diffusion when other states enact identical laws banning plastic straws.
As regional news organizations report on the ban, this practice will likely spread through contagious diffusion only to western states adjacent to California.
Strong lobbying by the plastics industry will likely curtail the diffusion of the ban, and this practice will be limited to California.
Similar environmental laws will likely spread through stimulus diffusion to other states via political activism.
The term “cultural diffusion” refers to the
Modification of Earth’s surface by human actions
Integration of behavioral traits within a group
Spread of an idea or innovation from its source
Relationship between human cultures and their physical environment
Assimilation of a minority culture into the host society
4. Comparing both photographs, each image shows the significance of temples, religious statuary, and iconography on the (imagine the other picture)
Cultural hearth
Ethnic culture
Traditional toponyms
Cultural landscape
Colonial architecture
Cultural landscape can be defined as...
the types of art, music, dance, and theater practiced in a particular region
the ways that people in differing cultures perceive the environment
the forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans
the diversity of distinctive cultures within a particular geographic area
a particular area within a geographic region dedicated to cultural activities
Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape?
Coastal westland
Cloud forest
Strand of mangrove trees
Eroded shoreline
Adobe ruins
Which of the following features is most useful for describing the cultural landscape shown in the image?
The ethnicity of the people in the image
The dragon that the people are holding
The French language on the banner hanging from the building
The density of the crowd
The clothing of the people participating in the parade
Which of the following geographic concepts can be identified using information evident in the image? (same picture as above)
Cultural diffusion
Acculturation
Forced migration
Sequent occupance
Cultural relativism
Cultural landscape is closest in meaning to which of the following?
Cultural ecology
Nonmaterial culture
Environmental determinism
Physical environment
Built environment
As Buddhism diffused through East Asia, Buddhist traditions blended with local cultural customs to create distinct religious practices, such as Daoism in China and Shinto in Japan. Which of the following terms best describes this blending of cultural traditions?
Assimilation
Acculturation
Possibilism
Multiculturalism
Syncretism
Which of the following terms best describes the food preferences, architecture, and land-use practices found in a particular region?
Cultural relativism
Ethnocentrism
Culture traits
Unitary state
Culture hearth
Which of the following best exemplifies the diffusion of popular culture throughout the world in contemporary society?
The increasing popularity of a fashion trend that originates in a large city, such as New York, and spreads to small rural towns
The spread of an Internet meme via social media applications
The spread of a religion through the migration of adherents of the religion
The increasing popularity of a new band that spends a year touring cities around the world
The spread of new slang that becomes widely used in government-funded schools
Chinese porcelain was highly valued in Europe for its beauty, style, and durability. However, imported porcelain from China was very expensive. Crafters in Germany and England developed new methods of making porcelain using feldspar and bone rather than the kaolin that was used in China. This new porcelain was viewed as having similar quality to Chinese porcelain, and the new methods continued to be used in Europe.
This example describes what type of diffusion?
Relocation diffusion, because the Chinese brought their porcelain to Europe
Stimulus diffusion, because the Europeans adapted a Chinese concept to fit their own needs
Contagious diffusion, because people throughout the world adopted the use of porcelain
Hierarchical diffusion, because only the wealthy could afford porcelain
Expansion diffusion, because the porcelain-making process spread from China to Europe
An ethnic neighborhood is best described as which of the following?
An involuntary community where people with similar values reside
A rural community where people with similar backgrounds are required to live
A voluntary urban community where people of similar origin reside
An area in the inner city where certain groups are forced to live
A city neighborhood that is undergoing population change due to immigration
Which of the following correctly lists the four major ancient culture hearths
Central Asia, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Mesopotamia
Central Asia, India, Nile Valley, Southern Europe
Egypt, Mekong Valley, Middle East, Western Africa
Ethiopia, Ghana, Machu Picchu, Mongolia
Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Nile Valley, North China
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of hierarchical diffusion?
The practice of selling pizza by the slice in America, whereas pizzas in Italy were traditionally sold as whole pies
The addition of hands-free driving features to cars manufactured by companies headquartered throughout the world
The migration of asylum seekers from Syria to Europe
The increasing popularity of Korean pop music around the world because of social media
The increasing sales of clothing brands endorsed by professional athletes to customers in Europe
Which of the following best explains the practice of placing indigenous children in boarding schools in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
The schools were intended to promote multiculturalism by introducing European culture to indigenous youth.
Many schools appropriated indigenous culture by using tribal names for sports teams.
The schools represented a traditional cultural trait of many indigenous societies.
The schools were intended to blend indigenous and European cultures through syncretism.
The schools were intended to diffuse Christianity and assimilate indigenous youth into European culture.
18. The spread of specialty coffee shops across the United States in the 1990s is an example of
Hierarchical diffusion
Contagious diffusion
Stimulus diffusion
Periodic movement
Relocation diffusion
The spread of the use of chopsticks into Southeast Asian countries with the influx of CHinese immigrants in an example of which of the following concepts?
Stimulus diffusion
Hierarchical diffusion
Assimilation
Acculturation
Relocation diffusion
The diffusion pattern of Walmart stores, which have spread from small towns to large cities throughout the United States, is an example of
Relocation diffusion
Contagious diffusion
Stimulus diffusion
Distance decay
Reverse hierarchical diffusion
Historically, cultural diffusion patterns in the United States have tended to flow in which general direction?
East to west
West to east
North to south
South to north
East to south
A new fashion trend originating in New York City that diffuses to Los Angeles, Paris, and Tokyo before reaching rural areas of New York state would be an example of which of the following kinds of diffusion?
Contagious
Hierarchical
Reverse hierarchical
Relocation
Stimulus
A Mormon church located in a rural area of northwestern Colorado is most likely the result of which kind of diffusion?
Contagious
Relocation
Hierarchical
Stimulus
Reverse hierarchical
The excitement created by attending a [INSERT POP MUSIC ARTIST] concert diffused in a pattern with an epicenter that followed [INSERT POP MUSIC ARTIST] as it toured through Europe between large and small towns in no particular order. About two weeks after [INSERT POP MUSIC ARTIST]'s visit, the excited crowds in each city died down and returned to normal lifestyles, while sometimes listening to [INSERT POP MUSIC ARTIST]'s music in their homes. The pattern of excitement surrounding the traveling [INSERT POP MUSIC ARTIST] concert is best classified as
Hierarchical diffusion
Migrant diffusion
Stimulus diffusion
Reverse hierarchical diffusion
Contagious diffusion
Which prominent geographer in the 20th century championed the study of cultural landscape and built environments in human geography
Ellen Churchill Semple
Walter Christaller
Carl Sauer
Joel Garreau
Alfred Weber
The religious practices of some American Indian groups combine elements both from their traditional religion and from Christianity. This is an example of
A cultural complex
A cultural confluence
A counter culture
A diametric culture
A cultural syncretism
In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of
Large heterogeneous groups
Indigenous groups
Groups that have little interaction with other groups
Small homogeneous groups
Groups living in isolated areas
Sometimes a diffusion process encounters barriers that slow or stop the spread of an innovation. Which of the following is an example of such a barrier?
A lack of infrastructure to support a new technology
A change in the price of energy
A jump from contagious to hierarchical diffusion
A transition from stimulus to contagious diffusion
A new form of media to broadcast information
Which of the following is most accurate with regard to food preferences and taboos?
Food preferences are stronger than taboos as seen by the high consumption of beef on the Deccan Plateau.
Food preferences and taboos have little influence on the diet in Arabia and Southeast Asia.
Some foods are avoided for religious or cultural reasons even at the expense of a balanced diet.
Food preferences and taboos show little variability between cultures.
Low hog production in China demonstrates an avoidance of pork by the Chinese.
Which of the following terms best describes the spatial effects of the Internet on the global diffusion of culture?
Time-space convergence
Complementary
Cultural divergence
Push factors
Pull factors
Which of the following is true of popular culture?
It is practiced among a homogeneous group of people in the world.
It is more static than folk culture.
It incorporates traits that diffuse quickly to a wide variety of places.
It spreads primarily by relocation diffusion.
It promotes regional diversity.
Which of the following best defines Carl Sauer’s concept of cultural landscape?
It is a way people landscape their yards in different parts of the world.
It is the way houses of worship are built.
It is the outcome of interactions between humans and their natural environment.
It is a shared set of meanings and symbolic practices
It is the human adaptation to Earth’s physical environment.
Which of the following best accounts for the universal appeal of blue jeans?
Diffusion of popular culture
Adoption of unique folk culture
Impact of high income on clothing habits
Lack of barriers in communist countries
Need for durable clothing
Which of the following best explains how Christianity became the dominant religion in the Philippines?
Christianity was brought to the Philippines through relocation diffusion when the Spanish colonized the Philippines in the sixteenth century.
Christianity entered the Philippines through the ministry of representatives from the Russian Orthodox church.
A secondary hearth for Christianity arose in the Philippines in the twelfth century, and since that time Christianity has remained the dominant religion in the Philippines.
Christianity entered the Philippines through contagious diffusion because of its proximity to Indonesia.
Export-oriented logging companies from Japan brought Christianity to the Philippines during the twentieth century.
Christianity has expanded through repeated patterns of relocation diffusion to spread to the Americas. Which of the following explains the impacts of this diffusion on Christianity in the Americas?
The repeated relocations have resulted in a wide diversity of Christian religious beliefs and practices.
The repeated relocations have resulted in a single form of Christian religious beliefs and practices.
The repeated relocations have resulted in a decline in the size of the Christian population.
The repeated relocations have resulted in a single ethnic Christian population.
The repeated relocations have resulted in a small number of ethnic Christian populations.
Which of the following describes the process of creolization?
The mix of Native American, African, and European influences to create new cultural forms
The representations of Spanish, Portuguese, and French linguistic culture on the landscape of Latin America
The layering of the European cultural landscape over the Native American landscape
The exchange of crops and animals between the Old World and the New World
The adoption of Native American toponyms for place-names of European settlements
Hinduism and Buddhism have their origins in South Asia. Much of Hinduism’s population is concentrated in South Asia, whereas much of Buddhism’s population has diffused to other parts of Asia. Which of the following best explains this difference in the cultural diffusion of Hinduism and Buddhism?
Hinduism is a polytheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a monotheistic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.
Hinduism is a monotheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a polytheistic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.
Hinduism is a polytheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is an ethnic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.
Hinduism is a universalizing religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is an ethnic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.
Hinduism is an ethnic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a universalizing religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.
Which of the following statements explains the regional location in the United States where the figures shown in the image are most likely part of the cultural landscape?
The Northeast, because residents are influenced by British Protestantism.
The Southeast, because residents are influenced by traditional religions from West Africa.
The Great Plains, because residents are influenced by Native American traditional religions.
The Southwest, because residents are influenced by Spanish Catholicism.
The Northwest, because residents are influenced by Russian Orthodoxy.
Which of the following correctly pairs a global religion described with its hearth region of origin?
Buddhism and East Asia
Christianity and Latin America
Islam and Central Asia
Hinduism and South Asia
Judaism and eastern Europe
Based on the two images, which of the following statements best explains the geographic process that took place as Islam diffused from its hearth?
Islam is confined to the Middle East because it is an ethnic religion that appeals to only one group of people in one region.
The diffusion of Islam has resulted in a cultural landscape in China that has been radically altered to reflect Islamic architecture.
Islam diffused hierarchically to the west through conquest and to the east through relocation via missionaries along trade routes.
The diffusion of Islam has had a minimal impact on regions to the west and east of its hearth in the Middle East.
The universalizing nature of Islam has allowed it to become worldwide in scope and the dominant religion in North America and Europe.
Which of the following statements best explains why English is the most widely spoken language in North America?
The English language initially diffused to North America through the process of relocation diffusion. A number of colonies were established and settled by people from Great Britain.
The English language diffused throughout North America through the process of hierarchical diffusion. The language was initially spoken in cities and was gradually adopted by people living in rural areas.
The English language diffused to North America through the process of contagious diffusion. Christian missionaries were responsible for the spread of the language among the indigenous population.
The English language was established as the official language of all of the British colonies in North America. Over time, it diffused throughout the population from the colonial leadership to the population.
The English language became a widely spoken language in North America in the twentieth century. This primarily occurred as a way of unifying the immigrant populations in both the United States and Canada.
An ethnic neighborhood is best described as which of the following?
An involuntary community where people with similar values reside
A rural community where people with similar backgrounds are required to live
A voluntary urban community where people of similar origin reside
An area in the inner city where certain groups are forced to live
A city neighborhood that is undergoing population change due to immigration
Which of the following is an example of an ethnic religion?
Islam
Mormonism
Buddhism
Judaism
Roman Catholicism
The sign shown in the image includes an Internet address for the county government. Explain how the sign illustrates the cultural tensions between traditional languages and English.
The Internet spreads the use of English as a global lingua franca, but the Internet is also a place where traditional languages can be communicated and thrive.
English is used for business and commerce on the Internet, while traditional languages such as Gaelic can only be heard in poems and music recordings but not written on the Internet.
The Internet is produced only in English; as a result, many traditional languages disappear due to the dominance of English-language communication.
Many countries ban the use of English-language Internet sites in an effort to resist the forces of globalization and protect their traditional languages.
English is being used less outside of the United Kingdom. Speaking a traditional language as a first language has become the norm in former British colonies.
Which of the following best explains how the English language diffused to the location shown in the image?
This location is the hearth of the English language, and English is the area's traditional language.
English was the standard language of the Catholic Church and diffused to this location through religious practices.
English came to this location recently via imported popular culture such as movies and music.
English was voluntarily adopted in this location as a useful lingua franca.
The English language was imposed on this location through a process of economic and political domination.
The photograph shows a road sign in the Republic of Ireland. Which of the following best describes the sign's significance within the cultural landscape?
The sign indicates that County Cork is a linguistic region of the Republic of Ireland.
The sign delineates an international political border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
The sign promotes the use of a single language in the region.
The sign promotes the use of traditional language among citizens of the Republic of Ireland.
The sign represents a uniform cultural identity within the region.
Which of the following best explains how immigration affects the cultural landscape of religion?
Immigrants often retain their religion during the process of acculturation, contributing to religious diversity within the cultural landscape of the receiving country.
Immigrant communities fuse their own religion with the dominant religion in the receiving country to create a syncretic religion.
Ethnic religions do not diffuse past their hearth, so immigrants must adopt a new religion when relocating to a new country.
Immigrants bring their religion with them when they relocate, and their religion quickly spreads to the overwhelming majority of citizens in the receiving country.
Immigrants’ original religions disappear as immigrants fully assimilate into their new culture and adopt the dominant religion of the area.
Which of the following best explains the Internet’s homogenizing effect on global language patterns?
The English language is widely used on the Internet.
Social media applications commonly support dozens of different languages.
Many governments censor citizens’ Internet access.
An increasing number of Internet users communicate exclusively through emojis.
The Internet accelerates communication so that people from different cultures can interact quickly and easily.
Based on the map, which of the following languages are most likely to be spoken in counties where 60 percent or more of residents spoke a language other than English at home?
French and French Creole languages
Spanish and American Indian languages
German and Dutch
Russian and Hindi
Chinese and Arabic
If four languages have similar words for numbers and the names of fish, but different names for a certain disease, what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused?
The disease spread among a population that later divided and evolved into four different languages.
The population divided and evolved into the four different languages, and then the disease spread.
The disease spread to two different populations that later divided into two different languages.
The disease and language spread to four different regions at the same time at the same rate.
There can be no conclusions drawn about the initial diffusion of the disease based on language.
The world’s three major monotheistic religions originated in which of the following regions
East Asia
Southwest Asia
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Africa
Which of the following best explains the practice of placing indigenous children in boarding schools in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
The schools were intended to promote multiculturalism by introducing European culture to indigenous youth.
Many schools appropriated indigenous culture by using tribal names for sports teams.
The schools represented a traditional cultural trait of many indigenous societies.
The schools were intended to blend indigenous and European cultures through syncretism.
The schools were intended to diffuse Christianity and assimilate indigenous youth into European culture.
The map shows the distribution of the language family that has the largest number of speakers in the world. Which statement correctly identifies the language family shown and the method of diffusion that best explains the pattern?
The map shows the distribution of the Amerindian language family, which diffused from its hearth in Canada and spread southward into South America through contagious diffusion and into Europe and Asia through trade and hierarchal diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which diffused from its hearth in China and spread into Europe by contagious diffusion and to the Americas through stimulus diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Uralic language family, which diffused from its hearth in Iceland and spread into northern Europe through contagious diffusion by Norse trading groups.
The map shows the distribution of the Indo-European language family, which diffused from its hearth in the Caucasus Mountains and spread throughout Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas, Africa, and Australia through colonialism and relocation diffusion.
The map shows the distribution of the Afro-Asiatic language family, which diffused from it hearth in Egypt and spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula and into Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas through colonialism and relocation diffusion.
The principal religion of Central and SOuth America is
Eastern Orthodoxy
Roman Catholicism
Buddhism
Islam
Protestantism
Which of the following religions is appropriately matched with its region of origin?
Islam-Egypt
Judaism-Spain
Hinduism-China
Buddhism-India
Christianity-Germany
The image shows a religious structure in Mexico City. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on the image?
Social class divisions determined by the Spanish aristocracy are evident in Latin American cities.
Socialist planning resulted in segregation of Mexico City.
Gentrification of the central market area of an urbanized zone led to an increase economic development.
Spanish colonialism influenced architecture of the cultural landscape.
Mass transportation systems were designed to alleviate traffic congestion.
Which of the following originated in South Asia and subsequently spread throughout much of Southeast and East Asia?
Hinduism
Chritsianity
Buddhism
Sikhism
Confucianism
Swahili in East Africa and English in global commerce are examples of
Pidgin languages
Lingua franca
Standard language
Creole language
Official language
Which of the following is a term used in the study of place names?
Isonyms
Pnenonyms
Acronyms
Toponyms
Loconyms
he Gullah language is spoken in African-American communities of the coastal southeastern United States, particularly in South Carolina, Georgia, and northeastern Florida. It is a combination of Elizabethan English and African dialects. One can describe Gullah as a
Creolized language
Lingua franca
Sino-Tibetan dialect
Language family
Linguistic branch of Niger-Congo family
The Indo-European language family includes the major languages of Europe and those dominant in all the following regions EXCEPT
Russia
Northern India
Iran
Eastern and Southern Australia
Central Asia
Toponyms in southern California reflect which of the following?
Cultural heritage of the settlers
Importance of time-space convergence
Growing influence of globalization
Significance of locational theory
Role of popular culture in American society
