Encyclopedia like book that is used to show differing thoughts and perspectives over how the Torah should be interpreted

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible that contain the most sacred writings in Jewish tradition

The father of the Hebrew People

A meeting of the representatives of the three estates

The belief in many gods

What the Jews called the event of the Hebrews fleeing Egypt

Repairing the world or perfecting the world

Scattering of people to different parts of the World

Son of God, the awaited promised Savior known as the Messiah is

The Roman Governor at the time of Jesus' death

Holy city of Islam. Home of the Kaaba and the prophet Muhammad

The recorded actions and sayings of Muhammed

The founder of the religion of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a prophet of God

Submission to the will of Allah

Muhammad's example which is considered the best model to follow for proper living within the Islam religion

Islamic house of worship

The social order that developed in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire and existed until the mid 1400s

A body of officials who preform religious services such as priests, minsters, or rabbis

Document that guaranteed the basic political rights in England that was created by the English nobles

The everyday language of people in region or country

God has determined your future (heaven/hell) before you were born

Pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul's time in purgatory

A family's payment of one-tenth of its income to a church

Pope's advisors who acted as the court and developed canon law

Formal Statements spelled out the absues of the church.

Declared Luther a heretic and an outlaw

Division within the medieval Roman Catholic Church when rival popes were established in both Avignon and in Rome

A person who supports artists, especially financially _______________

was an intellectual movement which scholars studied classical texts and  focused on human achievements and potential.

the compromise that stated the Church alone would appoint a bishop but the emperor could veto the appointment.

The appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles

a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation.

A member of a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state were known as

A government run by religious leaders is known as

meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers.

A Jew who had never met Jesus and was an enemy of Christianity.

the Jewish High Priest who wanted Jesus dead.

an ideal place is known as a

one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.

The declaration of faith- There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet

people who broke away from the Catholic church.

______________ actions against one's country

Period in European History from 1300-1600 during which there was renewed interest in classical culture that led to changes in art, learning, and views of the world

A person who serves the monarchs

A highly skilled warrior

A term used to describe a series of events in the 14th and 15th centuries between France and England

Englishman who challenged the papacy

Commandments or religious obligations

The leader of Jewish worship that leads prayers, reads passages, and delivers the sermon

____________ to remember

______________- the day of rest during the Jewish week.

Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan

Arabic Word for God

This book was a political guidebook on how a ruler should gain and keep power

A movement to change an institution or practice

A German monk who taught theology at the University of Wittenberg in the German state of Saxony. He was one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation

Many could barely read or write

The belief in a single God

Follow the Jewish religion strictly and might remove themselves from the modern world as much as possible

Strict dietary laws that state what is acceptable for Jews to eat and how that food has to be prepared

emphasis on right conduct and the worship of one God

The Holy book of Christianity that contains the Old and New Testament

the first four books for the New Testament- Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

made Christianity an approved religion under the emperor

An empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy.

a body of laws governing the lives of Muslims

A deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people

one of the 3 social classes in France prior to the French Revolution

the effort of Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain

the selling or buying of a position in a Christian church

an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface

a mutual promise between God and the Hebrew people as recorded in the bible

the taking away of a person's right of membership in the church

The management of the resources on the manor and its economy

Commoners who lived on the manors of monarchs, nobles, or knights

mock battles which contained both recreation and combat training

King Henry's child that returned England to Catholicism and returned power to the Pope

The holy book of Islam

The idea that many church officials violated celibacy and accused of drunkenness and gambling

King Henry's kid who returned England to Protestantism and made a church for both Catholic and Protestants

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Obligatory charity giving by Muslims to those who are in need

A supreme political and religious leader in the Muslim government

the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad

The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad

A system in society where people are ranked by their social class

A complex set of ideals, demand that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters

A fortress designed for defense

Creating all the food and other materials needed

Descendants of Abraham

Led the Hebrew people out of captivity

Served as the basis for Jewish law

House the Ten Commandments. representation of God's physical presence on earth

The home of the Hebrews that was located between the Jordan river and the Mediterranean Sea

Severe lack of food

People appointed by God to unite the tribes and provide military and judicial leadership during a crisis

A payment made by a weaker power to a stonier power to obtain an assurance of peace and security.

A Hebrew kingdom in Palestine, established around 922 B.C.

A kingdom of the united Hebrews in Palestine lasting from about 1020 to 922 B.C. later the northernmost of the two Hebrew kingdoms