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WorksheetsBMS Remedial Exam
Total questions: 62
Worksheet time: 36mins
What is produced in the Citric Acid Cycle?
2 ATP
2 GTP
6 CO2
2 FADH2
10 NADH
In the Electron Transport Chain, Rotenone inhibits which complex?
Complex I
Complex III
Complex II
Complex IV
In the Electron Transport Chain, Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of which complex?
Complex I
Complex III
Complex II
Complex IV
In the Electron Transport Chain, Antimycin A inhibits which complex?
Complex IV
Complex II
Complex I
Complex III
In the Electron Transport Chain, Cyanide and CO inhibit which complex?
Complex IV
Complex I
Complex III
Complex II
What are the products of glycolysis?
4 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 pyruvate
4 ATP
2 NADH
When do we use the Citric Acid Cycle?
When we have high energy (lots of ATP)
When we have low energy (ADP, AMP)
Select all of the following that are Monosaccharides
Frutose
Mannose
Lactose
Sucrose
Glucose
What is Lactose composed of?
Glucose + Glucose
Glucose + fructose
Glucose + Galactose
Oxygen is the ultimate electron _______
Donor
Acceptor
Where are the GLUT1 Transporters located?
in the brain
in the muscle
in all cells
in the intestines
Which of the following does NOT occur in Phase II Metabolism?
Glucuronidation
Hydrolysis (breaks down via H2O)
Sulfation (addition of sulfates)
Acetylation (adds acetyl ions)
What drugs/medications inhibit CYP3A4 Enzymes?
St. John's Wort
Antifungal Azoles
HIV Drugs
Grapefruit Juice
What is the most abundant amino acid in the blood?
Alanine
Glutamine
FADH2 is NOT water soluble, so it stays inside of the cell
True
False
Which of the following are correct regarding the Sodium/Potassium Pump?
It is a Primary Active Transporter
It is a Secondary Active Transporter
It is inhibited by Ouabain (this is deadly to all cells)
Brings 2 K+ out, and 3 Na+ in
Brings 3 Na+ out, and 2 K+ in
What does an unsaturated lipid mean?
Less double bonds
More double bonds
Which of the following is TRUE regarding a competitive inhibitor?
Inhibitor binds at any time
It is an irreversible action
Vmax is the same, Km increases
Vmax decreases, Km is the same
Which of the following is TRUE regarding a non competitive inhibitor?
Vmax decreases, Km can increase OR decrease
Inhibitor binds to the ACTIVE site
Vmax decreases, Km stays the same
What is the function of an Isomerase enzyme?
Breakdown of a covalent bond without water or oxidation (ex: decarboxylase)
Formation of a covalent bond between two large molecules and creates a new molecule
Breakdown of a covalent bond using water (ex: protease)
Rearrangement of bond within a molecule (ex: mutate)
What is the function of Transferase enzyme?
Rearrangement of bonds within a molecule (ex: mutate)
Transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another (ex: kinase)
Formation of a covalent bond between two large molecules creating a new molecule
Breakdown of a covalent bond using water (ex: protease)
What is the function of a Ligase enzyme?
Breakdown of a covalent bond using water (ex: protease)
Transfer of electrons
Formation of a covalent bond between two large molecules, creating a new molecule
Breakdown of a covalent bond without using water (ed: decarboxylase)
(T/F): Ammonia is toxic to all tissues
False
True
What direction is DNA synthesized?
5' --> 3'
3' --> 5'
What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
Purine is a single ring, while pyrimidine is a double ring
Purine is a double ring, while pyrimidine is a single ring
Select all that are part of the Internal Environment of the body:
Gastrointestinal System
Tissues (cells)
Urinary System
Fluid
Blood
What is the correct environment?
Air in the Lungs
Internal Environment
External Environment
Select all of the electrolytes that have a higher concentration in the extracellular compartment:
Potassium
Chloride
Fluoride
Sodium
Bicarbonate
What factors DIRECTLY affect the diffusion of a molecule?
Concentration gradient
Temperature
Membrane Thickness
Membrane Surface Area
Molecular Weight
(T/F): Simple Diffusion does NOT require a carrier
True
False
Which solution has the same number of non-penetrating solutes as the intracellular compartment?
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
What is the osmolarity of the extracellular solution?
150 mOsm/L
100 mOsm/L
300 mOsm/L
Will water move In or Out of the cell?
Out
In
Identify the components of the plasma membrane:
Phospholipid bilayer
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Cholesterol
(T/F): Basic functional groups generally decreases water solubility
False
True
In order to get across most membranes, the drug must be relatively _________
Non-polar
Polar
In the presence of what two molecules in functional groups, does the solubility of a molecule increase?
Nitrogen
Chloride
Calcium
Oxygen
Identify which functional groups will decrease lipophilicity (or increase hydrophilicity)?
Aromatic amines
Ionized compounds
Non-polar functional groups
Hydroxyls
Polar functional groups
Which functional groups will increase lipophilicity (or decrease hydrophilicity)?
Alkanes
Amines
Alkenes
Polar functional groups
Aromatic hydrocarbons
What is the most pharmacologically influential physicochemical properties of drugs?
Solubility
Acidity/basicity
Reactivity
Select the acidic organic functional groups:
Phenol
Sulfonamide
Heterocyclic Amines
Aromatic Amines
Imide
Which functional groups are considered neutral at physiological pH?
Thioether
Ester
Amide
Ketone
Alkyl alcohol
(T/F): Ionized states of molecules are always more polar than the uncharged forms
True
False
Most of the orally bioavailable drugs on the market usually have a logP value less than ______
10
100
5
50
Toposiomerase 2 cuts (a) (one/two) strand(s) of DNA
What has a singular circular chromosome?
Mitochondria
Human Cells
Bacteria
What can have two or more nearly identical circular chromosomes?
Human cells
Bacteria
Mitochondria
How does the cell know which side of the DNA to repair?
The new side has hairpin loops
The new side does not have methyl groups on the adenosine of the GATC sequences
The new side has RNA bases in it
The new side has no Okazaki fragments
Where in the eukaryotic cell does RNA synthesis take place?
Golgi
Mitochondria
Peroxisome
Rough ER
Nucleus
What is the consensus sequence in eukaryotic cells called?
OriC site
TATA box
What are the non-coding regions of DNA that are removed?
Introns
Exons
How many different tRNA molecules are used during protein synthesis?
20
61
32
64
What is the first base of the anti-codon called?
Primary Transcript
TATA box
Triplet Codon
Wobble Position
How many codons code for actual amino acids?
64
32
20
61
What is the most important factor that controls protein concentration?
Protein Synthesis (translation)
RNA editing
Gene Expression (transcription)
Post-translational modifications
What is the promoter region?
The location at the very end of each chromosome
The location at the end of a gene
The location where RNA replication begins
The location just upstream from where RNA replication begins
The location on DNA where DNA replication begins
Which conditions increase the expression of the LAC Operon?
High glucose
Low glucose
Low lactose
High lactose
Primary active transport:
Requires the ATP to move solutes in the opposite directions as the concentration gradient
Uses the energy previously created by other transporters to move a solute across the membrane
What metal ion is found at the center of the heme group?
Lithium
Copper
Zinc
Magnesium
Iron
Which molecule has a higher oxygen affinity?
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Identify drug classes that are CYP3A4 Inhibitors
Antifungal Azoles
Grapefruit Juice
Macrolides
CCBs
HIV inhibitors
Identify the medications that are CYP3A4 Inducers
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Rifampin
St. John's Wort
