An 8-year-old male with a past medical history of Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) undergoes induction of anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and succinylcholine.  He is successfully and uneventfully intubated.  An hour into the case he develops a wide QRS complex rhythm that degenerates into ventricular fibrillation with consequent loss of peripheral pulses, pulse oximetry, and ability to measure blood pressure via a non-invasive blood pressure cuff.  No changes are noted in peak airway or plateau pressures and breath sounds are noted bilaterally.  What is the MOST likely etiology of this rapid decline in hemodynamics?

A 2-day-old boy born at 37 weeks gestation is scheduled for mandibular distraction. He has undergone evaluation for Pierre Robin sequence because of feeding difficulty and respiratory distress at birth. He has a nasopharyngeal airway in place and is receiving 2 L per minute of oxygen via nasal cannula. He has noticeable retractions and nasal flaring and his SpO₂ is 94%. He does not have any other syndromic features. Which of the following airway management strategies is MOST appropriate in this patient?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding anesthetics during pregnancy?

Which of the following therapies is contraindicated in the setting of increased intracranial pressure following traumatic head injury?

Which of the following INCREASES the risk for development of post dural puncture headache following accidental dural puncture with an epidural needle?

A 75-year-old patient is being evaluated for hypotension in the ICU after cardiac surgery.  The patient is extubated and breathing spontaneously with 6 LPM oxygen via nasal cannula.  Which of the following is the LEAST likely to be seen in the setting of cardiac tamponade?

A 76-year-old man presents to the chronic pain clinic for port site pain two months after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.  He reports severe burning pain at the surgical site.  Palpation of the site worsens the pain.  Which of the following best describes the pain?

Which of the following regarding carbon monoxide is correct?

Which of the following BEST describes the difference between an arterial waveform recorded at the aortic arch compared to the radial artery?

Which of the following is LEAST appropriate for managing traumatic brain injury in the intensive care unit?

This abnormal CVP waveform is MOST indicative of which of the following cardiac conditions?

Which of the following is NOT a sign of autonomic neuropathy in a diabetic patient?

A 33-year-old female is taken to the operating room for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  During the surgery, the ventilator alarms indicating elevated pressures.  Both the peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure are increased.  Which of the following is MOST likely the cause?

What structure is denoted by the arrow in the ultrasound image, which was obtained during an upper extremity regional anesthetic procedure?

A 32-year-old woman underwent successful vaginal delivery with a labor epidural for analgesia. After delivery, the epidural catheter broke at the 5 cm mark when being removed. Which of the following imaging modalities would be the test of choice for finding the precise location of a retained epidural catheter fragment?

Which of the following clinical findings is NOT associated with the diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy in the immediate post-operative period?

A 25-year-old G2P1 female is admitted at 30 weeks gestation in preterm labor.  She has a history of myasthenia gravis and her labor has been complicated by gestational diabetes.  Which of the following tocolytic agents is MOST likely to increase maternal blood glucose levels?

A 71-year-old man with end-stage renal disease undergoes hemodialysis prior to an elective surgery. Which of the following is MOST likely to occur as a result of the dialysis?

A 68-year-old man who underwent retinal detachment repair with intraocular perfluorocarbon injection one week ago now presents for urgent repair of an incarcerated umbilical hernia.  Which of the following anesthetic agents is contraindicated?

A 58-year-old male is undergoing right total knee arthroplasty.  He will be admitted overnight and spinal anesthesia is to be performed.  Which of the following is MOST likely true regarding spinal anesthesia?

A patient with the preoperative electrocardiogram shown below develops intraoperative supraventricular tachycardia with a rate of 160 bpm. Which of the following medications is MOST appropriate for rate control?

An axillary block is performed for repair of a distal radius fracture under monitored anesthesia care.  During the procedure, the patient complains of pain in the lateral forearm.  To alleviate the patient’s pain, local anesthetic should be injected into which of the following muscles?

Which of the following inhalation agents is LEAST likely to cause uterine relaxation during general anesthesia for cesarean section?

Which of the following nerves are most likely affected by a transversus abdominis plane block?

A 5-day-old infant in respiratory distress was intubated and started on mechanical ventilation.  The infant developed gastric distention, and nasogastric tube placement was unsuccessful.  The anesthesiologist noted that the expiratory volume was significantly lower than the inspiratory volume.  Which of the following is MOST likely to improve the patient's ventilation?

During pulmonary function tests, which of the following is the minimum response to a bronchodilator challenge which indicates chronic bronchodilator therapy should be initiated?

The anesthesiologist wishes to optimize intubation conditions for a patient who will undergo electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).  Which of the following intravenous drugs would be the LEAST appropriate for this patient, given the type of procedure being performed?

Which of the following statements regarding muscle relaxant use in the pediatric population is TRUE?