WorksheetsAPES Midterm Review
Total questions: 101
Worksheet time: 51mins
What type of plate boundary is shown here?
Convergent
Subduction
Divergent
Transform
What type of plate boundary is shown here?
Convergent
Subduction
Divergent
Transform
What type of plate boundary is most likely to cause earthquakes?
Convergent
Subduction
Divergent
Transform
What type of plate boundary is most likely to cause the formation of a new landform?
Convergent
Subduction
Divergent
Transform
Which soil particle is largest in diameter?
Clay
Silt
Sand
Loam
In which layer of the atmosphere does weather take place?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
What is the ozone layer?
A layer of pollution
A layer of still air with no wind
A zone that absorbs UV radiation from the sun
A zone that absorbs air pollution
Which wind system is closest to the equator?
Doldrums
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Trade winds
As altitude increases, what happens to temperature?
Temperature increases
Temperature decreases
Temperature does not change with altitude
Which gas is there the most of in the atmosphere?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Water vapor
Carbon dioxide
What is the shortest day of the year?
Summer solstice
Winter solstice
Spring equinox
Fall equinox
Why does the Earth have seasons?
Tilt of the Earth on its axis
Earth's shape
Earth's rotation around the Sun
Earth's rotation on its own axis
What type of population growth is being shown in this population pyramid?
Rapid growth
Stable growth
Declining growth
Which month has the highest precipitation?
July
August
September
June
Which of the following would NOT lead to a decrease in TFR?
Increased access to birth control
Increased women's rights
Increased access to education
Improved drinking water
Which of the following is the largest carbon sink?
Atmosphere
Plants
Animals
Ocean
If a primary consumer contains 1,000 kcal of energy, the secondary consumer gains how much energy when it eats the primary consumer?
1,000 kcal
100 kcal
10 kcal
10,000 kcal
ability for water and air to flow through soil
Porosity
Permeability
Texture
Salinity
Texture with highest porosity
Sand
Silt
Clay
Boulder
Soil with highest nutrient holding capacity
Sand
Silt
Clay
Snow
horizon made of parent material
O
A
C
E
subsoil horizon
O
B
C
E
The Himalaya Mountains are the result of this
Subduction
Seafloor spreading
Divergent plate boundary
Transform plate boundary
Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure diagram show above?
There is a low infant mortality rate
A high percentage of the population has access to medical care
There is a low population growth
There is a high total fertility rate
What type of age structure diagram represents a population with negative growth rate?
Countries undergoing rapid populations growth include which of the following?
I only
II only
III only
II and III
I, II, and III
Represents the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a long-term basis
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society?
The total fertility of a society is the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.
The total fertility of a society is the number of children necessary for a couple to replace themselves in the next generation.
The total fertility of a society is positively correlated with the average education of women.
The total fertility of a society is negatively correlated with the number of women of child-bearing age.
The total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition.
Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society?
Reduced birth rates
Reduced need for sewage-treatment facilities
Increased rates of population growth
Increased air quality in urban areas
Increased stabilization of microclimate in urban areas
The current global human population is about 6.1 billion and is growing at an annual rate of 1.35 percent. If world population were to grow at this rate for the next year, approximately how many people would be added?
8 × 105
8 × 106
8 × 107
8 × 108
8 × 109
If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is
0.6%
1.6%
3%
16%
32%
The total fertility rate in country A was 6.8 in 1980. Which of the following statements best supports the change in the total fertility rate in country A between 1980 and 2015?
The total fertility rate increased as a result of improved health care and better nutrition.
The total fertility rate remained constant even though there was improved access to clean water.
The total fertility rate decreased as a result of a delay in age of first marriage and increased contraceptive use.
The total fertility rate decreased as a result of increased infant mortality rate.
Members of an r-selected species characteristically
grow slowly
produce few offspring
reach sexual maturity quickly
have long life spans
are very protective of their offspring
Which of the following characteristics in the table best supports the claim that:
Country A is a more developed country and that Country
B is a less developed country?
population size
land area
infant mortality rate
net migration rate
The crude growth rate, r , of a population is calculated by
multiplying the existing population size by life expectancy
dividing the crude birth rate by 2
dividing the doubling time by 70
adding the crude birth rate to the crude death rate
subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate
Cycads are gymnosperms that were diverse and abundant during the Mesozoic era. Extant species of cycads share many traits with those from the Mesozoic era. Cycads bear cones, are long-lived with slow growth rates, show late reproductive maturity, and have very few offspring. Based on this description, the cycads are
K-strategists with a Type I survivorship curve.
r-strategists with a Type III survivorship curve.
K-strategists with a Type III survivorship curve.
r-strategists with a Type II survivorship curve.
In a certain country, the birth rate is high, the death rate is high, and there are many children that are part of the workforce. The country is most likely in which of the following stages of the demographic transition?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
During which stage of the demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
After Stage 4
In a human population undergoing the demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?
Birth rate
Death rate
Average family size
Life expectancy
Level of education
If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to
5 years
10 years
15 years
25 years
35 years
What is a primary producer?
autotrophs (plants, algae, phytoplankton)
heterotrophs
carnivores
herbivores
What is an omnivore?
animals that eats plants
animal that eat meat
animal that eats both plants and meat
What is a generalist species?
Species with a broad range of tolerance
Species with a narrow range of tolerance
Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
Beavers
Elephants
Kudzu vine
Sea otters
Which of the following is not an example of an invasive species?
Kudzu vine
Carp
Elephants
Fire ants
Which of these is an aquatic indicator species?
Shrimp
Coral
Plankton
Sea Anemone
Which of the following is not a terrestrial indicator species?
Birds
Crocodile
Insects
Amphibians
Which of these human actions impacts multiple nutrient cycles?
Deforestation
Driving gasoline cars
Burning sulfur- containing coal
Making fertilizers
Which of the following statements is true?
Biodiversity decreases with increased sunlight
Biodiversity decreases as you move away from the equator
Biodiversity decreases as you decrease in altitude
Biodiversity increases as you go further down in the oceans
What is true about endemic species?
They are more vulnerable to extinction
They are less vulnerable to extinction
The continent with the most amount of biodiversity in the world is
Asia
North America
South America
Europe
Why are sea otters so crucial to an ecosystem?
They aren't.
They build dams and help rivers flow
They provide us with nutrients
They feed on sea urchins which are harmful to kelp forests
Pioneer species like moss and lichen are most likely to show up after
primary succession
secondary succession
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have more biodiversity
Small islands have more species
Small islands have less resources
A role played by an organism in an ecosystem is known at its
Niche
Job
Role
Duty
What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?
Primary succession already has soil
Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession
Secondary succession already has soil
Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Animals Islands closer to mainland will migrate successfully and there will be more diversity
Animals will fly to far away mainland and there will be more diversity
Which of the following has a negative impact on biodiversity?
Accidental introduction of invasive species
Burning fossil fuels
Burning the Amazon forest
Population growth
Overconsumption
What is the best way to reduce stress on the ecosystem's provisioning services?
Use electric cars
Slow down population growth
Limiting human access to national parks
Recycling
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species diversity index
0.28
0.71
-0.28
0.63
True or False: Mass extinctions are common.
True
False
The study of environmental science primarily considers
interactions among human systems and those found in Earth
the effect of human systems
abiotic factors that influence the state of our environment
factors that affect global climate change
An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes
only biotic components
only abiotic components
interacting biotic and abiotic components
positive and negative feedback loops
Living in a sustainable way refers to
recycling all paper, plastic, and metals
using resources in a way that does not deprive future generations
using Earth's resources efficiently
eating locally whenever possible
Which of the following is a qualitative observation?
15 inches
a liquid
a green solution
6 feet 1 inches
Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)
organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population
organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem
population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism
A tapeworm lives in the small intestines where it feeds and grows, robbing the human of essential nutrients. This is a _____ type of relationship.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiotic
Mutualism
The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiotic
Mutualism
Which is a biotic factor?
producers
pH
energy
humidity
Which best describes the concept of net primary production?
total amount of energy available from the Sun
total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem
energy captured minus energy lost
total amount of energy available from the producer
In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?
Temperate seasonal forest
Temperate rainforest
Woodland/shrubland
Tropical seasonal forest
In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?
Tundra
Boreal forest
Temperate grassland/cold desert
Woodland/shrubland
What factors are used to classify a biome?
average temperature
average precipitation
distinctive plants adapted to area
all of these are correct
Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?
temperate seasonal forest
woodland/shrubland
tundra
boreal forest
Terrestrial biomes are defined by ____ and ____ variables.
temperature; precipitation
temperature; animals
precipitation; plants
animals; plants
Which of the following are examples of wetlands?
swamps
marshes
bogs
all of these are correct
The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents
the flow of energy from organism B to A
the movement of organisms
the directionality of the sun
the flow of energy from organism A to B
When two species attempt to use the same resource and one outcompetes the other
competitive exclusion
demographic transition
directional selection
resource partitioning
Five species of warblers coexist in the same fir tree by occupying different areas of the tree. This demonstrates
adaptive radiation
competitive exclusion
natural selection
resource partitioning
Why do biomes near the equator have greater biodiversity than those near the poles?
due to ecological succession
due to the invasion of exotic species
the temperature & precipitation is greater near the equator
the temperature & precipitation is greater near the poles
Why are phytoplankton more abundant near the surface of oceans?
to be more accessible to other organisms
sunlight cannot penetrate great depths
they are ba-ba-ba benthic organisms
because they feed on zooplankton that live there
What two major processes are involved in the carbon cycle?
erosion and deposition
evaporation and transpiration
fixation and denitrification
photosynthesis and respiration
What is a primary source of nitrates & phosphates?
burning of coal
changes in environmental temperature
fertilizers and sewage
nitrogen fixation and lightning
Why is the main reason phosphorus is a limiting factor?
it cannot be readily taken up by plants
is cycles too quickly through the biosphere
it is insoluble in water and forms sediments like rock
there is too much of it in nature typically that it is toxic
Which element does NOT have a gas phase?
carbon
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulfur
Stage of the hydrologic cycle where plants lose water from their pores
condensation
evaporation
precipitation
transpiration
What is the NPP if the GPP is 5.8 kg C/m2/year and respiration is 2.4 kg C/m2/year?
2.4 kg C/m2/year
3.4 kg C/m2/year
5.8 kg C/m2/year
8.2 kg C/m2/year
Which of the following have the LOWEST net primary productivity?
agricultural land with crops
estuary
open ocean
temperate deciduous forest
Why are decomposers a significant part of ecosystems?
the neutralize acid deposition
they produce more oxygen than they consume
they recycle nutrients
they remove heavy metals from the air
What type of organism would be found at the lowest trophic level?
bear
grass
kangaroo
python snake
If producers capture 15,000 Joules of energy from the sun, how much energy would a secondary consumer receive?
15 Joules
150 Joules
1,500 Joules
15,000 Joules
What type of ecosystem is more resilient or likely to recover after a disturbance?
an ecosystem with low biodiversity
an ecosystem with high biodiversity
the level of biodiversity does not influence resilience of an ecosystem
a small population with specialized niches
Which type of species is most vulnerable and less able to adapt to changes in the environment?
species with a large population size
niche generalists
niche specialists
species with high genetic variation
Which of the following would DECREASE island biodiversity?
increased amount of edge habitat
increased island size
increased proximity to the mainland
less competition
