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WorksheetsAnaphy Review and Comprehension Chapter 22-25
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 43mins
The lymphatic system
removes excess fluid from tissues.
absorbs lipids from the digestive tract.
defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign
substances.
All of these are correct.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Lymphatic vessels do not have valves.
Lymphatic vessels empty into lymph nodes.
Lymph from the right-lower limb passes into the right jugular or
subclavian vein.
Lymph from the jugular and subclavian trunks empties into the
cisterna chyli.
The tonsils
consist of large groups of lymphatic nodules.
protect against bacteria.
can become chronically infected.
decrease in size in adults.
All of these are correct.
Lymph nodes
filter lymph.
are where lymphocytes divide and increase in number.
contain a network of reticular fibers.
contain lymphatic sinuses.
All of these are correct.
Which of these statements about the spleen is not correct?
The spleen has white pulp associated with the arteries.
The spleen has red pulp associated with the veins.
The spleen destroys defective red blood cells.
The spleen is surrounded by trabeculae located outside the capsule.
The spleen is a limited reservoir for blood.
The thymus
increases in size in adults.
produces lymphocytes that move to other lymphatic tissue.
is located in the abdominal cavity.
All of these are correct.
Which of these is an example of innate immunity?
Tears and saliva wash away microorganisms.
Basophils release histamine and leukotrienes.
Neutrophils phagocytize a microorganism.
The complement cascade is activated.
All of these are correct.
Neutrophils
enlarge to become macrophages.
account for most of the dead cells in pus.
are usually the last cell type to enter infected tissues.
are usually located in lymphatic and blood sinuses.
Macrophages
are large, phagocytic cells that outlive neutrophils.
develop from mast cells.
often die after a single phagocytic event.
have the same function as eosinophils.
All of these are correct.
Which of these cells is the most important in the release of histamine, which promotes inflammation?
monocyte
macrophage
eosinophil
mast cell
natural killer cell
Which of these conditions does not occur during the inflammatory response?
release of histamine and other chemical mediators
chemotaxis of phagocytes
entry of fibrinogen into tissues from the blood
vasoconstriction of blood vessels
increased permeability of blood vessels
Antigens
are foreign substances introduced into the body.
are molecules produced by the body.
stimulate an adaptive immune system response.
All of these are correct.
B cells
are processed in the thymus.
originate in red bone marrow.
once released into the blood remain in the blood.
are responsible for cell-mediatedimmunity.
All of these are correct.
MHC molecules
are glycoproteins.
attach to the plasma membrane.
have a variable region that can bind to foreign antigens and
self-antigens.
may form an MHC-antigen complex that activates T cells.
All of these are correct.
Antigen-presenting cells can
take in foreign antigens.
process antigens.
use MHC class II molecules to display the antigens.
stimulate other immune system cells.
All of these are correct.
Which of these participates in costimulation?
cytokines
complement
antibodies
histamine
natural killer cells
Helper T cells
respond to antigens from macrophages.
respond to cytokines from macrophages.
stimulate B cells with cytokines.
All of these are correct.
The most important function of tolerance is to
increase lymphocyte activity.
increase complement activation.
prevent the immune system from responding to self-antigens.
prevent excessive immune response to foreign antigens.
process antigens.
Variable amino acid sequences on the arms of the antibody molecule
make the antibody specific for a given antigen.
enable the antibody to activate complement.
enable the antibody to attach to basophils and mast cells.
are part of the constant region.
All of these are correct.
Antibodies
prevent antigens from binding together.
promote phagocytosis.
inhibit inflammation.
block complement activation.
block the function of opsonins.
The secondary antibody response
is slower than the primary response.
produces fewer antibodies than the primary response.
prevents disease symptoms from occurring.
occurs because of cytotoxic T cells.
The type of lymphocyte responsible for the secondary antibody response is the
memory B cell.
B cell.
T cell.
helper T cell.
The largest percentage of antibodies in the blood are
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
Antibody-mediated immunity
works best against intracellular antigens.
regulates the activity of T cells.
cannot be transferred from one person to another.
is responsible for immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
The activation of cytotoxic T cells can result in
lysis of virus-infected cells.
production of cytokines.
production of memory T cells.
All of these are correct.
The nasal cavity
has openings for the paranasal sinuses.
has a vestibule, which contains the olfactory epithelium.
is connected to the pharynx by the nares.
has passageways called conchae.
is lined with squamous
epithelium, except for the vestibule.
The larynx
connects the oropharynx to the trachea.
has three single and six paired cartilages.
contains the vocal folds.
contains the vestibular folds.
All of these are correct.
Terminal bronchioles branch to form
the alveolar duct.
alveoli.
bronchioles.
respiratory bronchioles.
During an asthma attack, a person has difficulty breathing because of
constriction of the
trachea
bronchi
terminal bronchioles.
alveoli
respiratory membrane.
During quiet expiration, the
abdominal muscles relax.
diaphragm moves inferiorly.
external intercostal muscles contract.
thorax and lungs passively recoil.
All of these are correct.
The parietal pleura
covers the surface of the lung.
covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity.
is the connective tissue partition that divides the thoracic cavity into
right and left pleural cavities.
covers the inner surface of the alveoli.
is the membrane across which gas exchange occurs.
Contraction of the bronchiolar smooth muscle has which of these effects?
A smaller pressure gradient is required to get the same rate of airflow, compared with normal bronchioles.
It increases airflow through the bronchioles.
It increases resistance to airflow.
It increases alveolar ventilation.
During expiration, the intra-alveolar pressure is
lower than the pleural pressure.
greater than the barometric pressure.
lower than the barometric pressure.
unchanged.
Normally, which of the following keeps the lungs from collapsing?
surfactant
pleural pressure
elastic recoil
Both a and b are correct.
Immediately after the creation of an opening through the thorax into the pleural cavity
air flows through the hole and into the pleural cavity.
air flows through the hole and out of the pleural cavity.
air flows neither out nor in.
the lung protrudes through the hole.
Compliance of the lungs and thorax
is the volume by which the lungs and thorax change for each unit
change of intra-alveolar pressure.
increases in emphysema.
decreases because of lack of surfactant.
All of these are correct.
Given these lung volumes:
(1) tidal volume = 500 mL
(2) residual volume = 1000 mL
(3) inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL
(4) expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL
(5) dead space = 1000 mL
The vital capacity is
3000 mL.
3500 mL.
4000 mL.
5000 mL.
6000 mL.
Alveolar ventilation is the
tidal volume times the respiratory rate.
minute volume plus the dead space.
amount of air available for gas exchange in the lungs.
vital capacity divided by the respiratory rate.
inspiratory reserve volume times minute volume.
The rate of diffusion of a gas across the respiratory membrane increases as the
respiratory membrane becomes thicker.
surface area of the respiratory membrane decreases.
partial pressure gradient of the gas across the respiratory membrane
increases.
diffusion coefficient of the gas decreases.
All of these are correct.
Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood
dissolved in plasma.
bound to blood proteins.
within HCO3−.
bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin.
The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is adaptive because it
shifts to the right in the pulmonary capillaries and to the left in the
tissue capillaries.
shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries and to the right in the
tissue capillaries.
does not shift.
Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in the blood
dissolved in plasma
bound to blood proteins.
within HCO3−.
bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin.
bound to the globin portion of hemoglobin.
Which of these parts of the brainstem is correctly matched with its main function?
ventral respiratory groups—stimulate the diaphragm
dorsal respiratory groups—limit inflation of the lungs
pontine respiratory group—is involved in the switch between
inspiration and expiration
All of these are correct.
The chemosensitive area
stimulates the respiratory center when blood CO2 levels increase.
stimulates the respiratory center when blood pH increases.
is located in the pons.
stimulates the respiratory center when blood O2 levels increase.
All of these are correct.
Blood O2 levels
are more important than CO2 levels in the regulation of respiration.
need to change only slightly to cause a change in respiration.
are detected by sensory receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies.
All of these are correct.
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food that is consumed?
mucosa
muscularis
serosa
submucosa
The ENS is found in
the submucosa layer.
the muscularis layer.
the serosa layer.
Both a and b are correct.
All of these are correct.
Dentin
forms the surface of the crown of the teeth.
holds the teeth to the periodontal ligaments.
is found in the pulp cavity.
makes up most of the structure of the teeth.
is harder than enamel.
The number of premolar deciduous teeth is
0
2
4
8
12
Which of these glands does not secrete saliva into the oral cavity?
submandibular gland
pancreas
sublingual gland
parotid gland
The portion of the digestive tract in which digestion begins is the
oral cavity.
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
During swallowing
the movement of food results primarily from gravity.
the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata is activated.
food is pushed into the oropharynx during the pharyngeal phase.
the soft palate closes off the opening into the larynx.
The stomach
has large folds in the submucosa and mucosa called rugae.
has two layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis tunic.
opening from the esophagus is the pyloric opening.
has an area closest to the duodenum called the fundus.
All of these are correct.
Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function?
surface mucous cells—produce mucus
parietal cells—produce hydrochloric acid
chief cells—produce intrinsic factor
endocrine cells—produce regulatory hormones
Why doesn’t the stomach digest itself?
The stomach wall is not composed of protein, so it is not affected
by proteolytic enzymes.
The digestive enzymes of the stomach are not strong enough to
digest the stomach wall.
The lining of the stomach wall has a protective layer of epithelial cells.
The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
Which of these structures increase the mucosal surface of the small intestine?
circular folds
villi
microvilli
length of the small intestine
All of these are correct.
Which cells in the small intestine have digestive enzymes attached to
their surfaces?
mucous cells
goblet cells
endocrine cells
absorptive cells
The hepatic sinusoids
receive blood from the hepatic artery.
receive blood from the hepatic portal vein.
empty into the central veins.
All of these are correct.
Which of the following might occur if a person suffers from a severe case of hepatitis that impairs liver function?
Lipid digestion is difficult.
By-products of hemoglobin breakdown accumulate in the blood.
Plasma proteins decrease in concentration.
Toxins in the blood increase.
All of these occur.
The gallbladder
produces bile.
stores bile.
contracts and releases bile in response to secretin.
contracts and releases bile in response to sympathetic stimulation.
Both b and c are correct.
The aqueous pancreatic juice
is secreted by the pancreatic islets.
contains HCO3−.
is released primarily in response to cholecystokinin.
passes directly into the blood.
All of these are correct.
Which of these is not a function of the large intestine?
absorption of glucose
absorption of certain vitamins
absorption of water and salts
production of mucus
Defecation
can be initiated by stretch of the rectum.
can occur as a result of mass movements.
involves local reflexes.
involves parasympathetic reflexes mediated by the spinal cord.
All of these characteristics are true of defecation.
Which of these structures produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates?
salivary glands
pancreas
lining of the small intestine
Both a and b are correct.
All of these are correct.
Bile
is an important enzyme for the digestion of lipids.
is made by the gallbladder.
contains breakdown products from hemoglobin.
emulsifies lipids.
Both c and d are correct.
Micelles are
lipids surrounded by bile salts.
produced by the pancreas.
released into lacteals.
stored in the gallbladder.
reabsorbed in the colon.
If the thoracic duct were tied off, which of these classes of nutrients would not enter the blood at their normal rate?
amino acids
glucose
lipids
fructose
nucleotides
Which of these lipoprotein molecules transports excess lipids from cells back to the liver?
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
Which of these statements concerning kilocalories is true?
A kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to raise the tempera- ture of 1 g of water 1°C.
There are 9 kcal in a gram of protein
There are 4 kcal in a gram of lipids.
A pound of body fat contains 3500 kcal
What type of nutrient is recommended as the primary energy source in the diet?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
cellulose
A source of monounsaturated fats is
fat associated with meat.
egg yolks.
whole milk.
fish oil.
olive oil.
A complete protein food
provides the daily amount (grams) of protein recommended for a
healthful diet.
can be used to synthesize the nonessential amino acids.
contains all 20 amino acids.
includes beans, peas, and leafy green vegetables.
Concerning vitamins,
most can be synthesized by the body.
they are normally broken down before they can be used by the body.
A, D, E, and K are water-soluble vitamins.
many function as coenzymes.
Minerals
are inorganic nutrients.
compose about 4–5% of total body weight.
act as buffers and osmotic regulators.
are components of enzymes.
All of these are correct.
Glycolysis
is the breakdown of glucose to two pyruvate molecules.
requires the input of two ATP molecules.
produces two NADH molecules.
does not require O2.
All of these are correct.
Anaerobic glycolysis______ O2 and produces ______energy (ATP) for the cell than aerobic respiration.
does not require, more
does not require, less
requires, more
requires, less
The molecule that moves electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron-transport chain is
tRNA
mRNA
ADP
NADH
The CO2 you breathe out comes from
glycolysis
the electron-transport chain.
anaerobic glycolysis.
the food you eat.
Lipids are
stored primarily as triglycerides.
synthesized by beta-oxidation.
broken down by oxidative deamination.
All of these are correct.
Amino acids
are classified as essential or nonessential.
can be synthesized in a transamination reaction.
can be used as a source of energy.
can be converted to keto acids.
All of these are correct.
Ammonia is
a by-product of lipid metabolism.
formed during ketogenesis.
converted into urea in the liver.
produced during lipogenesis.
converted to keto acids.
The conversion of amino acids and glycerol into glucose is called
gluconeogenesis
glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
ketogenesis
Which of these events takes place during the absorptive state?
Glycogen is converted into glucose
Glucose is converted into lipids.
Ketones are produced.
Proteins are converted into glucose.
Loss of heat resulting from loss of water from the body’s surface is
radiation
conduction
evaporation
convection
