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WorksheetsBio111, Ch 16, 17, 18 practice questions (DNA, transcription..
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 1hrs 12mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What did Erwin Chargaff conclude from his experiments?
a)
Nitrogen bases are held together by peptide bonds
b)
A and T, C and G always occur in equal amounts
c)
Proteins are the carriers of genetic information
d)
C and G rarely occur in eukaryotic organisms
2.
What was Watson and Crick's main scientific accomplishment?
a)
Building the first accurate model of DNA
b)
Isolating strains of pneumonia causing bacteria
c)
Determining base pairing rules
d)
Discovering the process of genetic transformation
3.
Cystosine is an example of a single ringed nitrogen base called...
a)
Purine
b)
Peptide
c)
Ribose
d)
Pyrimidine
4.
If a sample of DNA has 20% ADENINE, how much GUANINE will it have?
a)
30%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
60%
5.
The image illustrates which of the following structures?
a)
Amino acid
b)
Nucleotide
c)
Protein
d)
Peptide Bond
6.
By using radioactive isotopes, Hershey and Chase were able to conclude that __ is/are the carrier(s) of genetic information.
a)
DNA
b)
Proteins
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Lipids
7.
A pyrimidine (single ring nitrogen base) always pairs with a purine (double ring nitrogen base).
a)
True
b)
False
8.
Which of the following pairs identifies the PURINE nitrogen bases?
a)
Cytosine and Thymine
b)
Adenine and Thymine
c)
Adenine and Guanine
d)
Cytosine and Guanine
9.
Rosalind Franklin's "Photo 51" allowed Watson and Crick to determine the ___ of DNA.
a)
Shape
b)
Backbone
c)
Nitrogen bases
d)
Hydrogen bonds
10.
What makes up the rails, or backbone, of a DNA molecule?
a)
Alternating sugars and nitrogen bases
b)
Nitrogen base pairs
c)
A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base
d)
Alternating sugars and phosphates
11.
If a DNA sample has 40% CYTOSINE, how much THYMINE will it have?
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
40%
d)
60%
12.
Identify the 5-carbon sugar found in a molecule of DNA.
a)
Ribose
b)
Deoxyribose
c)
Glucose
d)
Lactose
13.
The enzyme that constructs the new strand of DNA during replication is known as...
a)
DNA Helicase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
DNA Ligase
d)
RNA Polymerase
14.
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding and unzipping the DNA during replication AND transcription?
a)
DNA Helicase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
DNA Ligase
d)
RNA Polymerase
15.
During replication, what would be the complementary DNA sequence to: TTA GCC TAG
a)
AAT CGG ATC
b)
CCG ATT CGA
c)
GGC TAA GCT
d)
AAT CGG TAC
16.
According to the semi-conservative model of DNA replication, two DNA molecules result, ___.
a)
Each strand with one new strand and one original strand
b)
Each with two new strands
c)
One with two new strands and one with both original strands
d)
Each with two original strands
17.
When does DNA replication take place in the cell cycle?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Anaphase
c)
Prophase
d)
S stage of Interphase
18.
If the original sequence is CGA TTA AGC, what would be the complementary nucleotides added during DNA replication?
a)
GCU AAU UCG
b)
GCT AAT TCG
c)
ATC GGC CTA
d)
CGA ATT AGC
19.
What is the site where DNA separates and replication occurs?
a)
Replication sites
b)
Replication spoons
c)
Replication split
d)
Replication forks
20.
Replication takes place in many locations of the lagging strand of DNA. This creates ___ which are pieced together by DNA ligase.
a)
RNA Sections
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Okazaki Fragments
d)
Replication Forks
21.
Who is responsible for producing this image?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
22.
The two strands of DNA are held together by what type of bond?
a)
Ionic
b)
Covelant
c)
Polar
d)
Hydrogen
23.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
24.
Which type of RNA is made in the nucleus?
a)
mRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
tRNA
25.
What is the significance of the sequence (order) of the Nitrogen Bases in DNA?
a)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the number of chromosomes present in an organism.
b)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the traits that an organism will possess (have).
c)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the gender of an organism.
d)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines whether an organism is abiotic biotic.
26.
What is meant by the phrase "DNA is universal"?
a)
All organisms possess DNA made up of the same 3 components.
b)
All organisms share the exact same DNA
c)
DNA can be found throughout the universe
d)
DNA is found in Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses
27.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
28.
Seals the Okazaki fragments together
a)
DNA Polymerase
b)
ligase
c)
helicase
d)
primase
29.
Adds nucleotides to the newly synthesized strand of DNA
a)
DNA polymerase I
b)
DNA polymerase III
c)
Primase
d)
Ligase
30.
synthesizes a short fragment of RNA that allows DNA polymerase III to bind
a)
ligase
b)
DNA polymerase I
c)
primase
d)
helicase
31.
removes the RNA primer and adds DNA nucleotides to fill in the gap
a)
DNA polymerase III
b)
ligase
c)
primase
d)
DNA polymerase I
32.
repetitive sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes (TTAGGG)
a)
telomeres
b)
telomerase
c)
Okazaki fragments
d)
primer
33.
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?
a)
The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.
b)
One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
c)
The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
d)
Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands
34.
What is meant that DNA replication follows a “semi-conservative” model?
a)
After DNA replication, each strand contains one side that is a parental strand and the other side is a daughter strand.
b)
After DNA replication, one completed strand contains only parental DNA while the other contains only daughter DNA.
c)
None of these identify the “semi-conservative” model.
d)
After DNA replication, one completed strand contains a mixture of both parental DNA and daughter DNA dispersed throughout the strand.
35.
What is the function of telomeres on a DNA strand?
a)
They are used as a recognition site for DNA helicase to bond & begin "unzipping" the strand for replication.
b)
They bond the Okazaki fragments together forming a continuous replication of DNA on the lagging strand.
c)
When cell continually replicate, the DNA gets shorter so by adding telomeres to the ends of DNA, they extend the life of a cell.
d)
They help untangle the DNA strand prior to DNA helicase's arrival to unzip the DNA strand, readying it for replication.
36.
Mistakes in the replication process are called _____
a)
helicase
b)
excision repair
c)
mutations
d)
RNA
37.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
38.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
39.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
40.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
41.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
42.
What is the location in the cell for translation?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosome
d)
chloroplast
43.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
44.
Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template:
TGG CAA GTA CGT
a)
ACCGTTCATGCA
b)
UGGCAAGUACGU
c)
UCCGUUCUUGCU
d)
ACCGUUCAUGCA
45.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
46.
What is the RNA synthesized from a section of DNA with the code: GATTACA ?
a)
CUAAUGU
b)
GATTACA
c)
GAUUCA
d)
CTAATGA
47.
This image is most likely showing...
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
mRNA processing
d)
Post Translational Modification
48.
This image is most likely showing...
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
mRNA processing
d)
Post Translational Modification
49.
tRNA molecules match the mRNA codons with a(n):
a)
Codon
b)
Anti-Codon
c)
Intron
d)
Methylated Cap
50.
The mRNA actively being translated in the cytoplasm would have all of the following EXCEPT
a)
a poly-A-tail
b)
a 5' cap
c)
exons
d)
introns
e)
RNA nucleotides
51.
What is the building block of proteins?
a)
Monosacchrides
b)
Polysaccharides
c)
amino acids
d)
Triglycerides
52.
what does mRNA do?
a)
carry info from genes to ribosomes
b)
carry amino acids to ribosomes
c)
help with RNA splicing
d)
make up ribosomes
53.
Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and..?
a)
nitrogenous base
b)
nucleic acid
c)
cholesterol
d)
fatty acid
54.
What is the correct sequence?
a)
RNA --> DNA --> Protein
b)
Protein --> RNA --> DNA
c)
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
d)
DNA --> Protein --> RNA
55.
To which end of an mRNA molecule is a poly-A tail added after transcription?
a)
5' end
b)
3' end
56.
Which of the following correctly describes exons? Choose ALL that apply.
a)
They code for proteins.
b)
They do not code for proteins.
c)
They may remain in mRNA after editing.
d)
They are usually removed from mRNA during editing.
57.
During DNA replication, which strand is built in the same direction that the replication fork is forming?
a)
Lagging strand
b)
Leading strand
58.
Nucleic acids are always built in which direction?
a)
3' to 5'
b)
5' to 3'
59.
Amino acids are held together by _____ bonds.
a)
hydrogen
b)
peptide
c)
glycosidic
d)
ionic
60.
Which of the following most accurately illustrates DNA replication?
a)
b)
c)
d)
61.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
62.
The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the
a)
promoter
b)
repressor
c)
operator
d)
gene
63.
What is the name of the stretch of DNA where RNA polymerase binds?
a)
operator
b)
promoter
c)
enhancer
d)
origin
64.
What is the role of operons in prokaryote gene expression?
a)
It makes the genes prokaryotes be turned on
b)
It accounts for the regulation of gene activity in response to the needs of the cells
c)
To make DNA for the gene
d)
To make the gene turn of and off
65.
In the lac operon model the genes within the operon will be expressed if:
a)
lactose is absent in the cell
b)
glucose is present in the cell
c)
lactose is present in the cell
66.
A chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the nucleotide sequence of a gene but makes that gene less likely to be expressed.
a)
methylation
b)
acetylation
c)
transcription
d)
translation
67.
In a point mutation, this would have the worst effect on the function of the protein
a)
an insertion or deletion near the end of a gene
b)
an insertion or deletion at the beginning of the gene
c)
an insertion at the middle of the gene
d)
a base substitution
68.
RNA interference means short RNA sequences bind to ___ and prevent their translation.
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
ribosomes
69.
A major role is played by-----what in RNA interference that regulates human growth/development?
a)
Complementary RNA bases
b)
tRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
miRNA/small RNA molecules
70.
Inheritance of traits by mechanisms not directly involving nucleotide sequence is called
a)
epigenetic inheritance
b)
differential gene expression
c)
chromosomal inheritance
d)
gene regulation
71.
In eukaryotes, proteins that help the RNA polymerase bind to the promoter for transcription
a)
transcription factors
b)
topoisomerase
c)
regulatory genes
d)
activators
72.
A distal control region that activators bind to are bent to contact mediator proteins and form the transcription initiation complex
a)
enhancers
b)
promoters
c)
repressors
d)
transcription factors
73.
Alternative RNA splicing ____.
a)
is a mechanism for increasing the rate of translation
b)
can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA
c)
can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs
d)
increases the rate of transcription
74.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
75.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
76.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
77.
The process through which cells become specialized in structure and function is
a)
Transcription
b)
Gene Expression
c)
Differentiation
d)
RNA Interference
78.
What role do homeobox genes play in cell differentiation?
a)
They cut double-stranded loops into microRNA.
b)
They attach to a cluster of proteins to form a silencing complex, which binds to and destroys certain RNA.
c)
They block certain gene expression.
d)
They code for transcription factors that activate other genes important in cell development and differentiation.
79.
Two types of negative control are
a)
repressible & inducible
b)
repressible & active
c)
active & inactive
d)
repressible & corepressible
80.
Translation takes place in the
a)
ribosome
b)
chloroplast
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochondria
81.
Normal cell division is prevented by...
a)
Proto-oncogenes
b)
oncogenes
82.
Normal cell division is regulated by...
a)
Proto-oncogenes
b)
oncogenes
83.
Which is an example of a tumor suppressor gene?
a)
apoptosis
b)
proto-oncogenes
c)
p53
d)
oncogenes
84.
Which of the following do not prevent cancer?
a)
DNA repair proteins
b)
Cell cycle
c)
Apoptosis
d)
Uncontrolled Cell division
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