The serous membrane that lines each half of the thorax in mammals and is folded back over the surface of the same side lung

The conical sac of serous membrane that encloses the heart and roots of great blood vessels

Abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes

The speed of red blood cells settling in a graduated tube of fresh whole blood best describes (ESR)

A protein present in blood serum in various abnormal states such as inflammation or neoplasia

What can rheumatoid arthritis effect

What is the peak onset of rheumatoid arthritis

Women are effected 2.5x more than men in regards to rheumatoid arthritis

rheumatoid arthritis has an uncertain cause

Rheumatoid arthritis could have possible genetic predeposition through the alteration of human leukocyte antigen which is found on which major histocombatibility complex

70-80% of sufferers have rheumatoid factor (an antibody that reacts with a fragment of IgG to create immune complexes)

what can increase the severity of RA

Cytokine production leading to the release of TNF and IL1 which eventually destroys articular carilege and underlying bone best describes the pathiogenesis of____ (rearding RA)

Inflammatory response releases enzymes which then destroy articular cartilage and subchondral bone happens during which pathogenisis for RA

The normal synovium is 2 layers. How many layers is it when there is inflammation

What occurs during synovitis

What occurs during pannus (a characteristic feature of RA)

Reduced joint motion during RA due to pain and generalized inflammation occurs during which stage

Reduced joint motion during RA due to pannus and disuse muscle atrophy occurs during which stage

Progressive joint destruction, subluxation, instability and limited movement (clinical manifestations of RA) are caused from

Which of the following are true with regards to systemic and polyarticular articular manifestations of RA

What occurs with Swan neck deformity (manifestation of RA)

What occurs during boutonneirs deformity (manifestation of RA)

What causes ulnar deviation during the clinical manifestation of RA

What are some early common joints effeceted by RA

What occurs from RA effecting the early joints (Wrist, PIP,MCP,IP of thumb, 1stMTP)

What joints would be effected in a later stage of RA

What would happen from a client having knee RA

What are some early systemic manifestations of RA

What do rheumatoid nodules contain

What is a common location for a rheumatic nodule

Vascilitis is the inflammation of small and medium vessels. What can it create?

What are some occular changes that can occur d/t a systemic manifestation of RA

What is pulmonary fibrosis (systemic manifstation of RA)

What is splenomegaly

What does a physical exam look for when diagnosing RA

What are some treatment goals for clients with RA

What are some assitive devices to help with RA treatment

What are some surgical treatments for clients with RA

Which of the following are NSAID's to help relieve clients with RA

Which drug class decreases the risk of stomach ulcers for clients with RA (eg. celebrex)

Which drug class for RA interrupts inflammatory response, is taken short term with a low dose to minimize side effects. Injections decrease synovitis

Which drug class for RA is fast acting to decrease S&S + slow progression of disease (eg. methotrexate).

"arthralgia" best describes

"the presence of excess protein in the urine" best describes

The onset of lupas can be acute or insidious

The exact cause of lupus is unknown, what are some resasons for the development of autoantibodies?

What are some examples of environmental triggers for lupus

90% of those effected by Lupus are men

Lupus is related to the defective elimination of self reflective B-cells, reflecting a lack of apoptosis. What does this cause?

Which of the following are true with regards to the pathogenesis of lupus

What are some of the inittal presentations of lupus

Arthralgia and arthritis are present in ____% of sufferers with lupus. Often systemic, effecting any joint.

Client with lupus can suffer from arthralgia. What joints does it effect?

Although rare, a clinical manifestation of lupus could effects the ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules. What type of contracture could these create?

Inflammation from lupus can cause edema in which joints

Lupus leading to tenosynovitis could cause which tendons to rupture

Where would an acute butterfly rash (falt and raise) from lupus typically be found

Sun sensitivity could cause a sun rash from lupus

Hives from lupus only happen in the acute stage

What would a mucous membrane lesion be as a result from lupus

What percent of lupus sufferers experiences pleuritis

abnormal fluid accumulation which inhibits lung expansion and is a painful pulmonary manifstation of lupus best describes

What are some cardiovascular manifestations of lupus

Pericarditis effects what percentage of sufferers with lupus

The CNS is effected from lupus after strokes, hemmorages due to vasculitis/immune complexes attacking neurons. What can this cause?

What are some signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis; a renal manifestation of lupus

What are some GI clinical manifestations of lupus

What are some hematologic clinical manifestations of lupus

How is lupus diagnosed

What is being assessed when trying to diagnose lupus

What are some treatment aims for Lupus

What are some NSAIDs used for lupus. To help with arthritis, myaglia, and arthralgia

What drug class works as an immunosupressent to help with bolder symptoms of lupus (such as renal or CNS manifestations)

What drug class for Lupus helps with rashes, pleuritic, and arthritic symptoms that wouldnt be relieved by NSAID's (eg. Plaquenil)

What drug class is used when corticosteroids wont work (eg. cytoxin)

What Vitamin can help decrease lupus activity while also improving energy levels

What is the Lupus survival rate in the global north

What involvement can cause Lupus death within the first few years of active disease

What parts of the body are mainly effected by ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis is 3x more common in ____. The onset is more common in adolecense to early adulthood

The etiology of ankylosing spondylitis could be autoimmune. What cells are present

What could be some environemntal factors that could contribute to the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis

Multisystem inflammatory joint disorders, mainly affecting axial skeleton best describes

Stiffness or fixation of a joint by disease or surgery best describes

The site where a tendon or ligament inserts into a bone is called a

Inflammation of the pigmented middle eye layer is called

Ankylosing spondylitis has exacerbations and remissions

Back pain from ankylosing spondylitis is worse with activity

ankylosing spondylitis can be misdiagnosed as a

When is back stiffness worse for people with ankylosing spondylitis

Pain with ankylosing spondylitis is localted in the lumbarsacral region. Where else can it refer pain/cause discomfort?

Ankylosing spondylitis begins bilaterally at the SI's. it moves ____ to smaller joints. Creating progressive spinal fushion

Enthesitis occurs to the inf/sup facet joints + IVD attachements. What happens after?

What are the bony protuberances called at the site of ligament attachments

Ankylosing spondylitis can contribute to

Which larger synovial joints could be effected by ankylosing spondylitis

The spine during ankylosing spondylitis fuses in what position with the absense of joint movement

What could occur as a result of ankylosing spondylitis

Acute anterior uevitis, the most common extraskeletal manifestation of AS can create what problems for the client

What systemic clinical manifestations

What would an X-Ray of ankylosing spondylitis show

What are lab tests looking for when diagnosing ankylosing spondylitis

If the nerve root is affected from ankylosing spondylitis. What is the name of the surgery to relieve it

What peripheral joint replacement would best help a client with ankylosing spondylitis

What are some good treatments for clients with ankylosing spondylitis

How should a client with ankylosing spondylitis sleep

Which medication class for clients with ankylosing spondylitis best decreases pain, inflammation, and spams

What ankylosing spondylitis medication is best used for peripheral joint symptoms (eg. methotrexate)

What medication class for clients with ankylosing spondylitis is best used to help decrease axial and peripheral joint symptoms