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Anatomy and Physiology Fall Final Exam

Total questions: 120

Worksheet time: 2hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the basic unit of structure and function of all LIVING organisms?

a)

organism

b)

cell

c)

tissue

d)

organ system

2.

Homeostasis refers to:

a)

changing internal conditions

b)

stable external conditions

c)

stable internal conditions

d)

changing external conditions

e)

none of these is correct

3.

Small structures within cells that carry on specific functions are:

a)

organelles

b)

tissues

c)

molecules

d)

parasites

4.

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is called

a)

metabolism

b)

assimilation

c)

growth

d)

digestion

5.

Which of the following is the most complex level of organization?

a)

cell

b)

organ

c)

organ system

d)

organelle

6.

The study of the structure of the human body is called ___________.

a)

homeostasis

b)

anatomy

c)

physiology

d)

interrelation

7.

What is formed when cells of the same type join to perform a common task?

a)

cell

b)

tissue

c)

organ

d)

system

8.

Measuring an organ's size would relate more closely to the science of ...

a)

anatomy

b)

physiology

c)

both anatomy and physiology

9.

Measuring the acid content of the stomach would relate more closely to the science of ...

a)

anatomy

b)

physiology

c)

both anatomy and physiology

10.

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts is...

a)

anatomy

b)

physiology

c)

both anatomy and physiology

d)

none of the above

11.
Which type of muscle is striated?
a)
Skeletal 
b)
Muscles in your throat 
c)
Nervous tissue 
d)
Smooth
12.
Which of the following lists of body organization terms is in the correct order?
a)
cells-tissues-organs-organ system
b)
tissues-cells-organs-organ systems
c)
cells-tissues-organ system-organs
d)
tissues-organs-organ system-cells
13.
Which type of cartilage covers the ends of bones?
a)
Hyaline 
b)
Fibrocartilage 
c)
Elastic 
d)
None of the above 
14.

Ventral cavity that houses the lungs.

a)

Thoracic

b)

Abdominal

c)

Pelvic

d)

Cranial

15.

Lateral means what?

a)

To the right

b)

To the left

c)

To the side

d)

At the top

16.

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior?

a)

Coronal Plane

b)

Transverse Plane

c)

Sagital Plane

d)

Air Plane

17.

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior?

a)

Sagital

b)

Coronal

c)

Transverse

d)

None of these

18.

One of the key organelles involved in digestion and waste removal inside the cell is

a)

Lysosome

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Centriole

d)

Cytoplasm

19.

How many bones are there in the adult skeleton?

a)

204

b)

209

c)

207

d)

206

20.

Coccyx is located which part of skeletal system?

a)

Head

b)

Neck

c)

Tailbone

d)

Fist

21.
What is the name of the protein filament that has double heads and pulls the actin towards the centre of the Sarcomere?
a)
Fascicle
b)
Sarcoplasm
c)
Myosin
d)
Fascia 
22.

Which of the following is the name given to the connective tissue that covers a muscle fascicle or bundle of muscle?

a)

Endomysium

b)

Perimysium

c)

Epimysium

d)

Myofilament

23.
What is the name of the connective tissue covering that covers the entire muscle organ?
a)
Endomysium
b)
Perimysium
c)
Epimysium
d)
Fascicle
24.
Where in the body would you find smooth muscle tissue, working under unconscious control?    
a)
Myocardium
b)
Hamstrings
c)
Quadriceps
d)

Stomach

25.
What is the name given to the contractile units repeated along the myofibrils?  
a)
Fascicles
b)
Perimysium
c)
Sarcomere
d)
Fascia 
26.
When a nerve stimulus occurs a muscle fibre contracts maximally or not at all, this is known as?    
a)
The agonist
b)
Reciprocal inhibition
c)
Cross bridging
d)
All or nothing
27.

What are the two main types of anatomy?

a)

Gross

b)

Microscopic

c)

Physiology

d)

Microbiology

28.
What is the name given to the end of a long bone?
a)
Compact bone
b)
Epiphysis
c)
Diaphysis
d)
Periosteum
29.
Which of the following structures form part of the axial skeleton?   
a)
Vertebrae column
b)
Upper limbs
c)
Lower limbs
d)
Hip/pelvic girdle
30.
The appendicular skeleton is made up of which structures? 
a)
The arms, legs and feet
b)
The upper and lower limbs, pelvic girdle and pectoral girdle
c)
The pelvic and pectoral girdle only
d)
The arms, legs, vertebral column,  and the pectoral girdle. 
31.
Which of the following cells is responsible for laying down new bone tissue?  
a)
Osteoblasts
b)
Calcium 
c)
Cartilage 
d)
Osteoclasts
32.
How many individual bones make up the Thoracic vertebrae?
a)
5
b)
7
c)
12
d)
10
33.
Which of the following is the name given to the connective tissue which connects ‘Bone to Bone’?
a)
Tendon
b)
Ligament
c)
Aponeurosis
d)
Muscle fascia
34.
The Hip and shoulder are both what type of synovial joint?
a)
Ball and socket
b)
Condyloid
c)
Hinge
d)
Gliding
35.
What is the movement known as when the arms are taken away from the bodies midline in a lateral motion?
a)
Abduction
b)
Protraction
c)
Adduction
d)
Retraction
36.
What is the name given to the connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone?
a)
Ligament
b)
Tendon
c)
Patella
d)
Perimysium
37.
The elbows, knees, ankles and phalanges are examples of which type of synovial joint?
a)
Ball and socket
b)
Condyloid
c)
Gliding
d)
Hinge
38.

Which structure is found inside of the nucleus and it's function includes making ribosomal RNA/ribosomes?

a)

nucleus

b)

nuclear membrane

c)

nuclear pore

d)

nucleolus

39.

What organelle is called the "powerhouse" of a cell because it breaks down food and converts it to energy.

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Nucleolus

40.

This organelle stores water, nutrients, and waste products

a)

Vacuole

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Cell membrane

41.

Which organelle surrounds a cell and holds it together?

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Ribosome

42.

The _____________ is a gel-like fluid that fills plant and animal cells. It holds the organelles in place and gives each cell its shape.

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Chloroplast

43.

What is the structure just outside of the nucleus that is covered in ribosomes and packages proteins?

a)
mitochondria
b)
lysosomes
c)
chloroplast
d)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

44.
What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?
a)
ER
b)
ATP
c)
YOLO
d)
DNA
45.
What is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?
a)
active transport
b)
osmotic pressure
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
osmosis
46.
Moving from areas of LOW concentration to areas of HIGH concentration is called?
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
c)
Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
47.

When moving particles WITH their concentration gradient, this is called?

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active Transport

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

48.

A feedback loop best fits which characteristic of life?

a)

Cells

b)

Organization

c)

Homeostasis

d)

Adaptation

49.
Failure to maintain homeostasis could result in:
a)
lack of internal balance
b)
eventual death
c)
difficulty carrying on metabolism 
d)
all three
50.
The two types of feedback systems that help organisms maintain homeostasis are:
a)
positive and negative 
b)
receptor and effector
c)
static and dynamic
d)
minor and major
51.
Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
52.
The process of childbirth is an example of:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
53.

When glucose levels in the blood rise, your brain sends a signal to your pancreas. The pancreas releases insulin, which opens channels in cell membranes to allow glucose to enter the cell, lowering blood sugar levels. This is an example of which Feedback Loop?

a)

Positive Feedback Loop

b)

Negative Feedback Loop

54.
The heart is contained within this cavity (most specific)
a)
mediastinum
b)
pericardial
c)
pleural
d)
thoracic
55.
The ___ separates the two sections of the ventral cavity
a)
heart
b)
lungs
c)
spleen
d)
diaphragm
56.

The __ cavity contains the trachea, esophagus, and large blood vessels such as the aorta

a)
cranial
b)
abdominopelvic
c)
dorsal
d)
thoracic
57.

The armpit is located in what region?

a)

Acrominal

b)

Axillary

c)

Deltoid

d)

Nasal

58.

The spinal column is located in what region?

a)

Acrominal

b)

Vertebral

c)

Thoracic

d)

Deltoid

59.

Chin area

a)

Buccal

b)

Mental

c)

Otic

d)

Cephalic

60.

Your feet are ________ to your knees.

a)

caudal

b)

cephalic

c)

inferior

d)

superior

61.

The head is _____ to the shoulders.

a)

proximal

b)

caudal

c)

superior

d)

inferior

62.
Standing erect with palms and feet facing forward.
a)
Anatomical Position
b)
Anatomical Planes
c)
Anatomical Directions
d)
Anatomical Movements
63.
a)
ulna
b)
humerus
c)
radius
d)
vertebrae
64.
a)

Mandible

b)

Zygomatic

c)

Temporal

d)

Maxilla

65.
a)

Zygomatic

b)

Frontal

c)

Parietal

d)

Temporal

66.
a)

Zygomatic

b)

Temporal

c)

Parietal

d)

Maxilla

67.
what bone is highlighted
a)
shoulder blade
b)
Clavicle
c)
shoulder
d)
Scapula
68.
What bone is highlighted
a)
ulna
b)
radius
c)
Humerus
d)
Scapula
69.
What bone is highlighted
a)
 ulna
b)
Scapula
c)
radius
d)
arm
70.
What bone is highlighted
a)
femur
b)
thigh
c)
tibia
d)
Fibula
71.
what bone is highlighted
a)
Thigh bone
b)
Tibia
c)
Fibula
d)
shin bone
72.
what bone is highlighted
a)
Patella
b)
Knee cap
c)
Femur
d)
Radius
73.
Name the bone that is highlighted
a)
Calcaneous
b)
Talus
c)
Phalanges
d)
Metatarsals
74.
What section of the spine is highlighted
a)
thoracic
b)
cervical
c)
lumbar
d)
sacrum
75.
What section of the spine is highlighted
a)
sacrum
b)
cervical
c)
thoracic
d)
lumbar
76.
What section of the spine is highlighted
a)
sacrum
b)
cervical
c)
thoracic
d)
lumbar
77.

What bone is this?

a)

pelvis

b)

spine

c)

ribs

78.

What is the neurotransmitter stored in the synaptic vesicles identified as #3?

a)

Calcium Ion (Ca2+)

b)

Protein Channel

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

Synaptic Cleft

79.

Name the highlighted muscle

a)

triceps

b)

biceps

c)

rectus femoris

d)

trapezius

80.

Name the highlighted muscle

a)

tricep

b)

bicep

c)

bicep femoris

d)

extensor longus

81.

Name the highlighted muscle

a)

pectoralis major

b)

biceps

c)

triceps

d)

deltoid

82.

Name the highlighted muscle

a)

pectorals

b)

deltoid

c)

trapezius

d)

latissimus dorsi

83.

which skeletal muscle is represented in the image?

a)

external obliques

b)

serratus anterior

c)

rectus abdominis

d)

pectoralis major

84.

Leonardo DaVinci's sketches included

a)
b)
c)
d)
85.

Dissecting human bodies was against the law because (select all that apply)

a)

it was too messy

b)

early cultures were very superstitious and believed in the afterlife

c)

it was against God's will

d)

women wanted to perform surgeries

86.

In the year 1286, we have reference to a human dissection being performed to determine the cause of death. Today, this procedure is called an __________

a)

autopsy

b)

criminal act

c)

take your dog to work day

87.

True or False: The Anatomy Act of 1832 legalized the dissection of cadavers for medical purposes.

a)

True

b)

False

88.
A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. 
a)
scientific method
b)
recipe
c)
data collection
d)
metric system
89.
What is the top layer of the skin called?
a)
Dermis
b)
Hypodermis
c)
Epidermis
d)
Subcutaneous
90.

What time is it in military time? 4:35 PM

a)

04:35

b)

16:35

c)

20:35

d)

00:35

91.

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

a)

To produce a backup copy in case the original is lost

b)

So that new cells can have a copy of the DNA after cell division

c)

To generate a new copy to substitute the lost original

d)

To help damaged cells repair themselves

92.

Adenine bonds with _____

a)

Cytosine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

93.
Which sequence of complementary DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG?
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
94.

As per the doctor's instructions, a patient weighs himself at home every week. He reports that he weighed 286 pounds this week. What is his weight in kilograms?

a)

130 kg

b)

150 kg

c)

143 kg

d)

630 kg

95.

What time is it in standard time? 20:55

a)

5:55 AM

b)

8:55 AM

c)

6:55 PM

d)

8:55 PM

96.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
97.
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
98.

The end of mitosis results in  ____ to each other.

a)

2 cells that are identical

b)

4 cells that are identical

c)

2 cells that are not identical

d)

4 cells that are not identical

99.
The end of meiosis results in  ____ to each other.
a)
2 cells that are identical
b)
4 cells that are identical
c)
2 cells that are not identical
d)
4 cells that are not identical
100.

A chromosome is composed of two identical sister

a)

centromeres

b)

chromatids

c)

autosomes

d)

somatic cells

101.

What is the full name of the molecule ATP?

a)

Adenine Diphosphate

b)

Adenosine Diphosphate

c)

Adenine Triphosphate

d)

Adenosine Triphosphate

102.
Nails are made out of what?
a)
All of the Above 
b)
Terminal 
c)
 Vellus 
d)
Keratin 
103.
Skin color is due to a pigment called
a)
Keratin
b)
Melanin
c)
Chromatin
d)
Epithelium
104.
The layer of the epidermis that is capable of dividing is
a)
Stratum basale
b)
Stratum corneum
c)
Stratum lucidum
d)
Stratum spinosum
105.
The vascular of the skin is the:
a)
Dermis
b)
Epidermis
c)
Hypodermis
d)
Stratum basale
106.
Burns without blisters are most likely what degree of burn?
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd
107.

Which of the following lists the stratum of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

a)

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

b)

basale, spinosum, granulosum,lucidum, corneum

c)

granulosum, lucidum, corneum, basale, spinosum

108.

What is bone?

a)

A type of muscle tissue

b)

A hard, dense connective tissue

c)

A flexible form of connective tissue

d)

A type of organ

109.

What is the function of bone marrow?

a)

To store fat

b)

To produce blood cells

c)

To facilitate movement

d)

To protect internal organs

110.

Which minerals are important for the functioning of the body and stored in bone tissue?

a)

Calcium and phosphorus

b)

Iron and magnesium

c)

Sodium and potassium

d)

Zinc and copper

111.

What is the softer connective tissue that fills the interior of the ends of most long bones called?

a)

Yellow marrow

b)

Red marrow

c)

Adipose tissue

d)

Cartilage

112.

Where does hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells, take place?

a)

Yellow marrow

b)

Red marrow

c)

Adipose tissue

d)

Cartilage

113.

What binds to the Myosin Head to cause it to detach from the Actin?

a)

ATP

b)

ADP

c)

CNS

d)

ETC

114.

What causes the muscle to stop contracting?

a)

Lack of effort

b)

Myosin-Heads fail to attach

c)

Calcium Ions are pumped away

d)

Muscle fibre tears

115.

What starts a muscle contraction?

a)

Release of Calcium Ions

b)

Attachment of Myosin-Heads

c)

An Action Potential

d)

Release of ADP

116.

which skeletal muscle is represented in the image?

a)

gastrocnemius

b)

tibialis anterior

c)

fibularis longus

d)

vastus medialis

117.

which skeletal muscle is represented in the image?

a)

pectoralis major

b)

serratus anterior

c)

rectus abdominis

d)

deltoideus

118.

which skeletal muscle is represented in the image?

a)

pectoralis major

b)

serratus anterior

c)

rectus abdominis

d)

deltoideus

119.

which skeletal muscle is represented in the image?

a)

sternocleidomastoid

b)

trapezius

c)

zygomaticus

d)

depressor anguli oris

120.

What's the name of this muscle?

a)

Pectoral

b)

Deltoid

c)

Bicep

d)

Abdominal

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