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WorksheetsPhysical Science Cumulative A Part 1
Total questions: 115
Worksheet time: 58mins
The atomic number of beryllium (Be) is 4, and the atomic number of barium (Ba) is 56. Which comparison is bestsupported by this information?
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
They are in the same group because they have similar chemical properties, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
They are in the same group because their atomic numbers are each multiples of four, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
An atom of the element chromium has an atomic number of 24 and a mass number of 52. How many electrons are in an uncharged atom of chromium?
0
24
28
52
Which important change in electronic devices, such as televisions and computers, is a result of the use of metalloids as semiconductors?
Electronic devices have become smaller.
Electronic devices are now more brittle.
Electronic devices now use more energy.
Electronic devices have become more expensive.
Which statement describes the location of metalloids on the periodic table?
The metalloids are located below metals and above nonmetals within a group.
The metalloids are located below nonmetals and above metals within a group.
The metalloids are located to the right of nonmetals and to the right of metals within a period.
The metalloids are located to the left of nonmetals and to the left of metals within a period.
Isra is analyzing the properties of several samples of elements to find out which sample is a metalloid. Which set of properties most likely belongs only to a metalloid?
forms basic compounds and is a solid
has a high luster and is very brittle
is a gas and has low electrical conductivity
is brittle and forms acidic compounds
What is an atomic nucleus?
the outer part of an atom in which electrons move
the outer part of an atom in which neutrons move
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and electrons
While looking at bromine (Br) on the periodic table, a student needs to find another element with very similar chemical properties but with a different atomic mass. Which best describes the student’s options?
There are two possible elements, and they are directly to the left and right of bromine.
There are two possible elements, and they are directly above and below bromine.
There are many possible elements, and they are all in the same vertical column as bromine.
There are many possible elements, and they are all in the same horizontal row as bromine.
Atoms of two different elements must have different
electrical charges.
numbers of neutrons.
atomic numbers.
energy levels.
Calcium, magnesium, and strontium are near each other on the periodic table and have some characteristics in common, but they differ in chemical reactivity. Which lists these metals in order from most reactive to least reactive?
calcium, magnesium, strontium
magnesium, calcium, strontium
strontium, calcium, magnesium
strontium, magnesium, calcium
What best describes the states of nonmetals when they are at room temperature?
Most nonmetals are gaseous, but some are liquid or solid.
All nonmetals are gaseous unless they bond with a metal.
Most nonmetals are solids, but some are gaseous or liquid.
All nonmetals are solid unless they bond with a metal.
Which have different numbers of electrons?
different ions of an element
different isotopes of an element
the nucleus of an element
each of the atoms of an element
Atoms of arsenic (As) are often added to silicon (Si) in a process called doping to change the conductivity of the silicon. How does the addition of arsenic change the conductivity of silicon?
An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom gains an electron.
An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.
An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and fewer electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom gains an electron.
An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.
How does Rutherford’s model of the atom compare with Thomson’s model?
They both describe atoms as small, indivisible spheres.
They both describe electrons as moving around the nucleus.
They both describe electrons as being surrounded by the positive matter.
They both describe atoms as being made up of positive and negative matter.
How to determine the atomic number of an atom?
# of electrons
# of protons + # of electrons
# of protons
# of electrons + # of protons
Rutherford used positively charged particles to investigate the structure of the atom. The results surprised him. What surprising result is explained using his model?
A few positive particles bounced back because they bounced off of the net formed by the ovals.
A few positive particles bounced back because they were pushed away from the positive center.
Most positive particles passed through because of the empty space between the outer edge and the center.
Most positive particles passed through because they were attracted by the small particles moving around the center.
What did Bohr’s model of the atom include that Rutherford’s model did not have?
a nucleus
energy levels
electron clouds
smaller particles
The charged particles in the beams that Thomson studied came from atoms. As these particles moved away from their original atoms, they formed a visible beam. The current model of the atom includes protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the best use of an atomic model to explain the charge of the particles in Thomson’s beams?
An atom’s negative particles are surrounded by positive matter, so the positive particles are easier to remove.
An atom’s positive particles are surrounded by negative matter, so the negative particles are easier to remove.
An atom’s smaller negative particles are at a distance from the central positive particles, so the negative particles are easier to remove.
An atom’s larger positive particles are at a distance from the central negative particles, so the positive particles are easier to remove.
Which scientist developed the first model of the atom that showed the structure of the inside of an atom?
Dalton
Bohr
Rutherford
Thomson
What new characteristic did John Dalton add to the model of the atom?
An atom is a round, solid mass.
An atom is made up of smaller particles.
An atom can join with other kinds of atoms.
An atom has a massive, positive center.
The plum pudding model of the atom states that
each atom has an overall negative charge.
each atom has a dense, positively charged center.
an atom is a solid, indivisible sphere that makes up all matter.
an atom is made up of electrons in a sea of positive charges.
Why did Thomson’s results from experimenting with cathode rays cause a big change in scientific thought about atoms?
His results gave people a picture of what atoms look like for the first time.
His results gave the first clues that atoms could be created and destroyed.
His results gave the first experimental evidence that matter is made up of atoms.
His results gave the first evidence that atoms were made up of smaller particles.
A cathode ray tube is made of glass with a small amount of some kind of gas in it. It has metal electrodes at each end to pick up an electric current. The electrodes are named "positive” and "negative,” which were words used by Benjamin Franklin in the 1700s to describe electricity. A bright ray forms in the gas when an electric current is applied to metal electrodes. In the 1800s, an important scientist suspected that the negatively charged particles in a cathode ray were present in all atoms.
What procedure would allow that scientist to investigate this idea?
making cathode ray tubes out of different materials to see if the ray is the same
observing if the cathode ray forms when the electric current is off
using different magnets to see if the cathode ray responds in the same way to each
changing the strength of the electric current and observe how the ray forms and changes
Which statement describes one feature of Rutherford’s model of the atom?
The atom cannot be divided into smaller particles.
Electron clouds are regions where electrons are likely to be found.
The atom is mostly empty space.
The electrons are located within the positive material of the nucleus.
Which statement belongs to Dalton’s atomic theory?
Atoms have a massive, positively charged center.
Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
Atoms can be broken down into smaller pieces.
Electrons are located in energy levels outside of the nucleus.
Rutherford tracked the motion of tiny, positively charged particles shot through a thin sheet of gold foil. Some particles traveled in a straight line and some were deflected at different angles.
Which statement best describes what Rutherford concluded from the motion of the particles?
Some particles traveled through empty spaces between atoms and some particles were deflected by electrons.
Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by electrons.
Some particles traveled through empty spaces between atoms and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms.
Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms.
What new characteristic did John Dalton add to the model of the atom?
An atom is a round, solid mass.
An atom has a massive, positive center.
An atom is made up of smaller particles.
An atom can join with other kinds of atoms.
A cathode ray tube is made of glass with a small amount of some kind of gas in it. It has metal electrodes at each end to pick up an electric current. The electrodes are named "positive” and "negative,” which were words used by Benjamin Franklin in the 1700s to describe electricity. A bright ray forms in the gas when an electric current is applied to metal electrodes. In the 1800s, an important scientist suspected that the negatively charged particles in a cathode ray were present in all atoms.
What procedure would allow that scientist to investigate this idea?
observing if the cathode ray forms when the electric current is off
making cathode ray tubes out of different materials to see if the ray is the same
using different magnets to see if the cathode ray responds in the same way to each
changing the strength of the electric current and observe how the ray forms and changes
Which statement best explains why the overall charge on an atom is zero?
The positive charge of the neutrons in the nucleus equals the negative charge in the electron cloud.
The positive charge of the protons in the nucleus equals the negative charge in the electron cloud.
The negative charge of the neutrons in the nucleus equals the positive charge in the electron cloud.
The negative charge of the protons in the nucleus equals the positive charge in the electron cloud.
How do you calculate the atomic mass of an atom?
# of protons
# of electrons
# of Neutrons
# of protons + # of neutrons
How does an atom change if all of its electrons are removed?
The atom’s volume increases.
The atom’s mass increases.
The atom becomes positively charged.
The atom becomes negatively charged.
What is the main difference between protons and neutrons?
Protons have a much smaller mass than neutrons.
Protons have a much larger volume than neutrons.
Protons have an electrical charge, but neutrons have no charge.
Protons make up the nucleus, but neutrons orbit around the nucleus.
Which statement describes an atomic nucleus?
An atomic nucleus contains most of the atom’s mass.
An atomic nucleus is negatively charged.
An atomic nucleus has no electrical charge.
An atomic nucleus consists of mostly empty space.
Roberto creates an animation titled “Flying through an Atom.” The animation makes it seem as if the viewer passes all the way through an atom, starting from one side, then through the atom’s center, and then leaving through the other side.
What is the best description of the order of events in the animation?
The viewer travels through the electron cloud, then the protons, and then the nucleus.
The viewer travels through the electron cloud, then the nucleus, and then the electron cloud again.
The viewer travels through the nucleus, then the electron cloud, and then the nucleus again.
The viewer travels through the electron cloud, then the neutrons, and then the protons.
Which is a characteristic of the nucleus of an atom?
It is negatively charged.
It is mostly empty space.
It contains most of the mass.
It is composed of electrons.
What is most likely true of an atom with a mass of 15 amu?
There are 15 protons.
There are 15 electrons.
The total number of protons and electrons is 15.
The total number of protons and neutrons is 15.
Which subatomic particle has the least mass?
electron
proton
neutron
positron
Which part of an atom is mostly empty space?
electron cloud
proton cloud
nucleus
neutron
What do an electron and a neutron have in common?
Each particle has a mass of 1 amu.
Each particle exists inside an atom.
Each particle has an electrical charge.
Each particle is located in the nucleus.
What is the mass of a neutron?
1 amu
1/2,000 amu
2,000 amu
1/200 amu
Which describes an atom that has fewer neutrons than protons and more electrons than protons?
positive ion
positive compound
negative compound
negative ion
A potassium atom (atomic number 19) and a bromine atom (atomic number 35) can form a chemical bond through a transfer of one electron. The potassium ion that forms has 18 electrons.
What best describes the bromide ion that forms?
It is a negative ion that has one less valence electron than a neutral bromine atom.
It is a positive ion that has one more valence electron than a neutral bromine atom.
It is a positive ion that has one less valence electron than a neutral bromine atom.
It is a negative ion that has one more valence electron than a neutral bromine atom.
One isotope of sodium has 11 protons and 7 neutrons. What is the mass number of this isotope?
4
7
11
18
The chemical symbol for the element calcium is Ca. What would be the symbol representing calcium atoms that have lost two electrons?
Ca–
Ca+
Ca–2
Ca+2
One way in which elements differ from each other is the structure of the electron cloud in each element’s atoms. In an electron cloud, an electron that is farther away from the nucleus has
a greater charge than an electron near the nucleus.
a higher energy than an electron near the nucleus.
a smaller charge than an electron near the nucleus
a lower energy than an electron near the nucleus.
Uranium is an element that is often used in nuclear power plants. Uranium atoms are very large, and the substance can be dangerous if it is not carefully contained.
What is true about all uranium atoms?
They each have the same number of nuclear particles.
They each have the same number of neutral particles.
They each have the same number of neutrons.
They each have the same number of protons.
Scientists are working with a liquid that is made of only one type of atom. Which statement correctly describes this liquid?
The liquid contains only one compound.
The liquid contains only one element.
The liquid contains only neutral electrons.
The liquid can be broken down into simpler substances.
What can be added to an atom to cause a nonvalence electron in the atom to temporarily become a valence electron?
energy
mass
neutrons
electrons
All atoms of the element potassium have 19 protons. One of the most stable types of potassium atoms has the mass number 39.
How many neutrons make up one of these potassium atoms?
19
20
38
58
A potassium atom (atomic number 19) and a bromine atom (atomic number 35) can form a chemical bond through a transfer of one electron. The potassium ion that forms has 18 electrons.
What best describes the bromide ion that forms?
It is a negative ion that has one less valence electron than a neutral bromine atom.
It is a positive ion that has one less valence electron than a neutral bromine atom.
It is a negative ion that has one more valence electron than a neutral bromine atom.
It is a positive ion that has one more valence electron than a neutral bromine atom.
What is the number at the end of an isotope’s name?
mass number
electron number
atomic number
neutron number
If we have a sample of silicon (Si) atoms that has 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 18 neutrons
What is the name of this specific silicon isotope?
silicon-14
silicon-32
silicon-153
silicon-46
The element phosporus is located to the right of the element magnesium along the same period in the periodic table.
Which best describes the relationship of the elements?
Magnesium has a larger atomic number.
Phosphorus has a larger atomic mass.
Magnesium is in the same category as phosphorus.
Phosphorus has similar chemical properties as magnesium.
Where does the atomic number appear on the element in the periodic table?
On the bottom
On the top
It does not appear on the element square
While looking at calcium (Ca) on the periodic table, a student needs to find an element with a greater atomic mass in the same period. Where should the student look?
directly up
directly down
directly to the left
directly to the right
Elements in group 2 are all called alkaline earth metals. What is most similar about the alkaline earth metals?
how many protons and neutrons they have
which chemical properties they have
how many total electrons they have
which period they are most often found in
Dmitri Mendeleev and Henry Moseley developed their periodic tables about forty years apart. During that time, many discoveries in chemistry were made.
Which fact was most likely discovered between the time of Mendeleev’s table and the time of Moseley’s table that helped Moseley develop his version?
Atomic mass is the average mass of different samples of the same element.
Different elements can have similar chemical properties even if their atomic masses are different.
The number of protons in an atom is different than the atom’s total mass.
Protons strongly affect an element’s atomic mass, while the electrons in atoms do not.
What are 1A, 3B, and 7A examples of on the periodic table?
groups
numbers
periods
rows
How many groups are in the modern periodic table?
12
18
22
24
This is how krypton appears in the periodic table.
Rounded to the nearest whole number, how many protons are in an atom of krypton?
36
48
84
120
Based on the information in the table, which elements are most likely in the same periods of the periodic table?
Boron and carbon are likely together in one period because they have very close atomic numbers, while gallium and germanium are likely together in another period because they have very close atomic numbers.
Aluminum, boron, and carbon are likely together in one period because they were first isolated in the first half of the 1800s, while gallium and germanium are likely together in another period because they were first isolated in the second half.
Boron and carbon are likely together in one period because they each end in “-on,” while aluminum, gallium, and germanium are likely together in another period because they each end in “-ium.”
Aluminum, boron, and gallium are likely together in one group because they have the same number of valence electrons, and carbon and germanium are likely together in another group because they have the same number of valence electrons.
This is how fluorine appears in the periodic table.
Which is one piece of information that "9” gives about an atom of fluorine?
The atomic mass is different than the atomic number, and the number of neutrons is the difference between the atomic mass and the atomic number.
the atomic number
the atomic mass
the mass of protons
the number of neutrons
This is how zirconium appears in the periodic table.
Rounded to the nearest whole number, how many electrons are in an atom of zirconium?
40
51
91
131
This is how osmium appears in the periodic table.
Rounded to the nearest whole number, how many neutrons, on average, are in an atom of osmium?
76
114
190
266
While developing his periodic table, Dmitri Mendeleev broke his own rule and placed the element tellurium before iodine in the group. He did this even though tellurium's atomic mass was known to be greater than iodine's. In his notes, Mendeleev stated that he expected tellurium to have a lower atomic mass than iodine. However, all measurements continue to show that tellurium has a greater atomic mass than iodine even though tellurium acts like it has a lower atomic mass.
What is the most likely reason that Mendeleev placed tellurium before iodine?
Mendeleev observed that tellurium has chemical properties like other elements in its group, and he did not know that neutrons cause the greater atomic mass.
Iodine isotopes usually have more neutrons than tellurium isotopes, but only the protons affect the properties that Mendeleev could have observed.
Mendeleev observed that tellurium and iodine both had very similar chemical properties, but he did not know that iodine atoms have more electrons.
Iodine atoms always have more protons than tellurium atoms, but Mendeleev only weighed elements without observing any other properties.
Which two chemists organized elements based on properties such as how the elements react or whether they are solid or liquid?
Lavoisier and Mendeleev
Döbereiner and Newlands
Newlands and Mendeleev
Lavoisier and Döbereiner
In an element’s square on the periodic table, the number with the greatest numerical value represents the
atomic number.
number of electrons.
atomic mass.
number of neutrons.
Based on the information in the table, which two elements are most likely in the same group, and why?
bismuth and thallium, because their atomic masses are very similar
bismuth and nitrogen, because they have the same number of valence electrons
nitrogen and oxygen, because they were both first isolated in the same year
sodium and thallium, because their names both end in the same suffix: -ium
Elements in group 2 are all called alkaline earth metals. What is most similar about the alkaline earth metals?
how many protons and neutrons they have
which chemical properties they have
how many total electrons they have
which period they are most often found in
The simple model below is a neutral magnesium (Mg) atom with the element’s most common mass number.
What must happen to an atom of magnesium in order to become a magnesium ion Mg+2?
It must lose two neutrons and become a different isotope.
It must gain two neutrons and become a different isotope.
It must lose two electrons and become an ion.
It must gain two electrons and become an ion.
The model below shows a carbide ion.
What could be done to change this carbide ion to a neutral carbon atom?
remove 2 electrons
add 2 electrons
remove 4 electrons
add 4 electrons
The model below shows a calcium atom.
How many electrons are in the third energy level?
2
8
18
20
The Venn diagram compares protons with neutrons. Which shared property belongs in the region marked "B"?
Is positively charged
Orbits the nucleus
Has mass of 1 amu
Is negatively charged
What value is closest to the mass of the atom?
4 amu
6 amu
10 amu
14 amu
Which is a characteristic of the part of the atom marked "A”?
It contains most of the mass.
It is negatively charged.
It is mostly empty space.
It is composed of electrons.
Which is a characteristic of the part of the atom marked "B”?
It is very dense.
It has a large mass.
It is negatively charged.
It is where neutrons move.
Students are completing a table about a particular subatomic particle that helps make up an atom. The students have filled in one cell of the table so far.
Based on the information shown, which statement about the subatomic particle must be correct?
Its location is in the nucleus, because the particle is a proton or a neutron.
Its location is in the nucleus, because the particle is a neutron or an electron.
Its charge is +1, because the particle is a proton.
Its charge is 0, because the particle is a neutron.
Students are completing a table about a particular subatomic particle that helps make up an atom.
What best explains how they should complete the table?
with “Inside the nucleus,” because the particle is a proton
with “Inside the nucleus,” because the particle is a neutron
with “Outside of the nucleus,” because the particle is a proton
with “Outside of the nucleus,” because the particle is an electron
Scientists have changed the model of the atom as they have gathered new evidence. One of the atomic models is shown below.
What experimental evidence led to the development of this atomic model from the one before it?
A few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.
The colors of light emitted from heated atoms had very specific energies.
Experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.
Cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.
Scientists have changed the model of the atom as they have gathered new evidence. One of the atomic models is shown below.
What experimental evidence led to the development of this atomic model from the one before it?
A few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.
The colors of light emitted from heated atoms had very specific energies.
Equations were used to identify regions around the nucleus where electrons would likely be.
Cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.
The model of the atom has changed as scientists have gathered new evidence. Four models of the atom are shown below, but one important model is missing.
Which atomic model is missing from this set?
Bohr’s model
Dalton’s model
Rutherford’s model
Thomson’s model
Scientists have changed the model of the atom as they have gathered new evidence. One of the atomic models is shown below.
What experimental evidence led scientists to change from the previous model to this one?
A few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.
The colors of light emitted from heated atoms had very specific energies.
Experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.
Cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.
Which describes elements in the first group of the periodic table?
alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
transition metals
radioactive metals
Mrs. Franklin loves teaching science and thinks about it all the time. While walking one day, she steps on a warm, fresh piece of used gum. The gum flattens and sticks to her shoe. When she lifts her foot, she sees long strings of gum between her shoe and the sidewalk. She thinks, “What a great demonstration of the properties of metals!”
What properties of metals would Mrs. Franklin most likely teach about with this demonstration?
conductivity and luster
ductility and malleability
malleability and reactivity
conductivity and ductility
Atoms of elements at the top of a group on the periodic table are smaller than the atoms of elements at the bottom of the group. How does this help explain the difference in the reactivity of metals within a group?
The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are easier to remove, so the metals near the top are more reactive than those at the bottom.
The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are harder to remove, so the metals near the bottom are more reactive than those at the top.
The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are harder to remove, so the metals near the top are more reactive than those at the bottom.
The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are easier to remove, so the metals near the bottom are more reactive than those at the top.
Elements are organized on the periodic table based on their properties. Which statement correctly predicts and explains the chemical reactivity of two metals?
Rubidium (Rb) is more reactive than strontium (Sr) because strontium atoms must lose more electrons.
Sodium (Na) is more reactive than magnesium (Mg) because sodium atoms must gain more electrons.
Calcium (Ca) is less reactive than potassium (K) because potassium atoms must lose more electrons.
Beryllium (Be) is less reactive than lithium (Li) because beryllium atoms must gain more electrons.
Which metal in Period 5 is very reactive and has two valence electrons in each atom?
rubidium (Rb)
strontium (Sr)
zirconium (Zr)
silver (Ag)
Elements are organized on the periodic table based on their properties. Which statement correctly predicts and explains the chemical reactivity of two different metals?
Barium (Ba) is less reactive than calcium (Ca) because the valence electrons in calcium atoms are farther from the nuclei and harder to remove.
Strontium (Sr) is more reactive than magnesium (Mg) because the valence electrons in strontium atoms are farther from the nuclei and harder to remove.
Rubidium (Rb) is more reactive than sodium (Na) because the valence electrons in sodium atoms are closer to the nuclei and easier to remove.
Lithium (Li) is less reactive than potassium (K) because the valence electrons in lithium atoms are closer to the nuclei and harder to remove.
An atom of element X has one more shell of electrons than an atom of beryllium, but it has one less valence electron than beryllium. Which element is element X?
sodium (Na)
boron (B)
magnesium (Mg)
lithium (Li)
Chromium, calcium, and potassium are near each other on the periodic table and have some common characteristics but differ in chemical reactivity. Which lists these metals in order from most reactive to least reactive?
calcium, chromium, potassium
chromium, calcium, potassium
potassium, calcium, chromium
potassium, chromium, calcium
Each year, the science club puts on a science show for the students in the elementary school. Luis is planning demonstrations to show properties of metals. For one property, he decides to use a ball of pizza dough and a rolling pin.
Which property of metals is Luis most likely going to demonstrate using these materials
malleability
conductivity
opacity
luster
Which element is most likely to bend without breaking?
carbon (C)
iodine (I)
silicon (Si)
cobalt (Co)
Cecil is working with samples of chlorine (Cl), oxygen (O), bromine (Br), and silver (Ag). The samples are all at room temperature. Which substance is most likely the most dense?
chlorine
oxygen
bromine
silver
Which element has a complete valence electron shell?
fluorine (F)
argon (Ar)
oxygen (O)
selenium (Se)
Looking at the same nonmetal group on the periodic table, how does the reactivity of an element in period 2 compare to the reactivity of an element in period 4?
The period 2 element would be more reactive because the attractive force of protons is stronger when there are fewer neutrons interfering.
The period 2 element would be more reactive because the attractive force of protons is stronger when electrons are attracted to a closer electron shell.
The period 4 element would be more reactive because the attractive force of protons is stronger when there are more neutrons helping.
The period 4 element would be more reactive because the attractive force of protons is stronger when electrons are attracted to a farther electron shell.
Which describes any compound that has at least one element from group 17?
halide
noble gas
metalloid
transition metal
Which element is likely to be the most reactive?
iodine (I)
fluorine (F)
chlorine (Cl)
bromine (Br)
When looking across the periodic table from left to right, which of these groups are the first to contain nonmetals?
2
7
14
18
Where are the most reactive nonmetal elements found on the periodic table?
at the bottom of group 17
at the top of group 18
at the bottom of group 18
at the top of group 17
Eriq, a chemist, is running tests with four unknown elements. He has found that they all bond the same way, so he knows that they are in the same group on the periodic table of elements. The table shows other properties that Eriq observed.
These four elements are most likely in group
15
16
17
18
Which compound forms a powerful acid and also contains a halogen?
H2S
HBr
LI2O
LiBr
What is the most likely reason that nonmetals are electrical insulators?
Since valence shells are mostly empty in nonmetal atoms, the atoms attract and hold any electrons they can in order to fill their valence shells.
Since valence shells in nonmetal atoms are almost full, the atoms attract electrons and hold them tightly to fill their valence shells.
Since all nonmetals have valence shells that are full, they hold electrons tightly to avoid changing.
Since all nonmetals have valence shells that are completely empty, they do not attract or release any electrons.
Which groups on the periodic table contain metalloids?
Groups 1–2
Groups 3–12
Groups 13–16
Groups 17–18
Which lists the elements in order from least conductive to most conductive?
nitrogen (N), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi)
nitrogen (N), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb)
antimony (Sb), nitrogen (N), bismuth (Bi)
bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), nitrogen (N)
Which property do metalloids share with nonmetals?
Both are gases at room temperature.
Both can react to form acidic compounds.
Both are very poor electrical conductors.
Both can be pounded into thin sheets.
How does the number of valence electrons in atoms of metalloids explain why metalloids are semiconductors?
They have one or two valence electrons, so they cannot lose electrons easily.
They have one or two valence electrons, so they can lose or gain electrons.
They have three to six valence electrons, so they cannot lose electrons easily.
They have three to six valence electrons, so they can lose or gain electrons.
Which element in period 3 on the periodic table is a metalloid?
magnesium (Mg)
aluminum (Al)
silicon (Si)
sulfur (S)
For metalloids on the periodic table, how do the group number and the period number relate?
The lower the group number, the lower the period numbers, so the metalloids are found in a diagonal moving down from left to right.
The lower the group number, the higher the period numbers, so the metalloids are found in a diagonal moving up from left to right.
The higher the group number, the lower the period numbers, so the metalloids are found in a diagonal moving down from left to right.
The higher the group number, the higher the period numbers, so the metalloids are found in a diagonal moving up from left to right.
Based on their locations on the periodic table, which best compares the properties of the metalloids arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb)?
Arsenic has a more metallic behavior than antimony because arsenic’s atoms have fewer electron shells.
Arsenic has a more metallic behavior than antimony because arsenic’s atoms have more electron shells.
Arsenic has a more nonmetallic behavior than antimony because arsenic’s atoms have more electron shells.
Arsenic has a more nonmetallic behavior than antimony because arsenic’s atoms have fewer electron shells.
The design of a new computer processor requires that electric current be carefully controlled. Why might an engineer want to use a metalloid when designing a new computer processor?
Metalloids are amphoteric.
Metalloids are semiconductors.
Metalloids are brittle.
Metalloids are shiny.
Which statement describes a property that is unique to metalloids?
Metalloids are shiny.
Metalloids are semiconductive.
Metalloids are solid.
Metalloids are brittle.
The table shows columns that Brenda uses for her notes on the properties of elements. Her notes state that some elements can react to form basic compounds.
Where should Brenda place this property in her table?
only in the column for metalloids
only in the column for nonmetals
in the columns for metalloids and for nonmetals
in the columns for metals and for metalloids
Solar panels convert light energy from sunlight into electrical energy. What material is most likely used in solar panels, and why?
A nonmetal is used because it is a semiconductor and can become more conductive when more light shines on it.
A metalloid is used because it is a good conductor but can become less conductive when more light shines on it.
A metalloid is used because it is a semiconductor and can become more conductive when more light shines on it.
A nonmetal is used because it is a poor conductor but can become more conductive when more light shines on it.
Which metalloid has three valence electrons?
boron
arsenic
silicon
lithium
Which element is a semiconductor?
geranium
aluminum
tin
iodine
Which metalloid has five valence electrons in the fourth electron shell?
antimony
geranium
selenium
arsenic
