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Final Review

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The atmosphere is ____.

a)

the layer of gases that surrounds Earth

b)

the layer in which weather occurs

c)

the layer of water in the oceans

2.
Earth's atmosphere is important to living things because it ___.
a)
provides all the gases that living things need to survive
b)
is very thin compared to the size of Earth
c)
contains dust and particles
3.
Earth's atmosphere traps energy from the sun, which ____.
a)
allows ozone to form easily
b)
allows water to exist as a liquid
c)
causes meteors to burn up
4.

The layer of the atmosphere in which weather occurs is the ___.

a)

stratosphere

b)

mesosphere

c)

troposphere

5.
The ozone layer protects living things on Earth from ___.
a)
visible light
b)
ultraviolet radiation
c)
carbon dioxide
6.
Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth's surface from being hit by most meteroroids?
a)
mesosphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
troposphere
7.
Heat transfer between two substances that are in contact is called __.
a)
radiation
b)
convection
c)
conduction
8.
Heat from the sun reaches you by ____.
a)
convection
b)
radiation
c)
conduction
9.
Dry air is 78% ___ and 21% ___.
a)
Nitrogen, Oxygen
b)
Oxygen, Nitrogen
c)
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
10.
People live in the ____, or the inner layer of the atmosphere.
a)
troposphere
b)
mesosphere
c)
stratosphere
11.
In the part of the atmosphere calle the ___, energy from the sun that strikes gas molecules and causes them to glow (auroras).
a)
exosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
mesosphere
12.
This is the outermost layer of the atmosphere.
a)
stratosphere
b)
exosphere
c)
thermosphere
13.

The atmosphere is held to the Earth's surface by:

a)

magnetic fields

b)

gravity

c)

magic

14.
How many layers mae up our atmosphere?
a)
4
b)
5
c)
7
15.
What was the early atmosphere probably formed from?
a)
animals
b)
volcanoes
c)
space gas
16.
How did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increase?
a)
plants going through photosynthesis
b)
volcanoes
c)
burning trees
17.

Approximately what percentage of the Sun's energy is absorbed into the Earth's system?

a)

70

b)

10

c)

50

18.
What is the recent increase in global temperatures likely being caused by?
a)
increased volcanic activity
b)
increase in solar radiation due to an agin sun
c)
human activities
19.
At which time of the day is heat flow entering the Earth's atmosphere (H in) the greatest?
a)
Midday
b)
Sunrise
c)
Sunset
20.
Which of the following events could increase Earth's temperature?
a)
a reduction in the use of fossil fuels
b)
a decrease in the relative percent of greenhouse gases
c)
widespread removal of tropical forests
21.

What does the purple arrow indicate?

a)

combustion

b)

decomposition

c)

photosynthesis

22.

In a volcanic eruption, carbon dioxide dissolved in magma is released into the atmosphere during the explosion. What transition is described here?

a)

geosphere to atmosphere

b)

hydrosphere to biosphere

c)

biosphere to geosphere

23.

Which of the following images shows a transition from the biosphere to the geosphere?

a)

image A

b)

image B

c)

image D

24.
What percent of oxygen makes up the atmosphere?
a)
0.3
b)
21
c)
70
25.
What percent of nitrogen makes up the atmosphere?
a)
0.3
b)
21
c)
70
26.
What percent of argon makes up the atmosphere?
a)
0.3
b)
21
c)
70
27.
Which layer corresponds to an elevation of 0-10km (layer 1 of 5 from surface)?
a)
troposphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
mesosphere
28.
Which layer corresponds to an elevation of 10-30km (layer 2 of 5 from surface)?
a)
troposphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
stratosphere
29.
Which layer corresponds to an elevation of 30-50km (layer 3 of 5 from surface)?
a)
exosphere
b)
mesosphere
c)
troposphere
30.
Which layer corresponds to an elevation of 50-400km (layer 4 of 5 from surface)?
a)
mesosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
exosphere
31.
Which layer corresponds to an elevation of 400+km (layer 5 of 5 from surface)?
a)
mesosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
exosphere
32.

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called ____.

a)

Compression

b)

Shearing

c)

Tension

33.
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called ____.
a)
Friction
b)
Liquifaction
c)
Stress
34.
In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part is called the ____.
a)
Anticline
b)
Footwall
c)
Hanging Wall
35.

Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?

a)

Compression

b)

Shearing

c)

Tension

36.
The ____is the point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake.
a)
Epicenter
b)
Focus
c)
Syncline
37.
The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion are called
a)
P waves
b)
S Waves
c)
Surface Waves
38.
S waves are also known as ____.
a)
Primary Waves
b)
Secondary Waves
c)
Surface Waves
39.
Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move ____.
a)
Faster
b)
Slower
c)
At the same rate
40.
In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?
a)
Away from the focus
b)
Towards the Focus
c)
Through the Mantle only
41.
____can travel through both liquids and solids?
a)
Focus Waves
b)
P Waves
c)
S Waves
42.
To tell how far an earthquake’s epicenter is from a seismograph, scientists measure the difference between the ____.
a)
Arrival times of the P waves and S waves.
b)
Speeds of the P waves and S waves.
c)
Strengths of the P waves and S waves.
43.
What is the minimum number of seismograph stations required in order to determine the exact location of an earthquake’s epicenter?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
44.
What is the correct order, from first to last, in which different types of seismic waves are arrive at a seismograph?
a)
P waves, S waves, surface waves
b)
S waves, P waves, surface waves
c)
Surface waves, P waves, S waves
45.
Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called ____.
a)
Magma
b)
Rock
c)
Volcanic Ash
46.
The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form ____.
a)
A Hot Spot
b)
An Island Arc
c)
A part of the mid-ocean ridge
47.
A ____is a  long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth’s surface.
a)
Crater
b)
Pipe
c)
Vent
48.
If a volcano’s magma is high in silica, the volcano will probably ____.
a)
Erupt quietly.
b)
Remain dormant.
c)
Erupt explosively.
49.
What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before an eruption?
a)
Upward movement of magma
b)
Pyroclastic flow
c)
Cooling magma inside the crust
50.

When groundwater heated by magma rises to the surface and collects in a natural pool, it is called a ____.

a)

Geyser

b)

Hot Spring

c)

Vent

51.
In volcanic areas, groundwater heated by magma is a source of ____.
a)
Lava Flows
b)
Silica
c)
Geothermal Energy
52.
The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is called ____.
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Weathering
53.
Landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep are all examples of ____.
a)
Mass Movement
b)
Runoff
c)
Soil Formation
54.
Mass movement is caused by ____.
a)
Plucking and Abrasion
b)
Gravity
c)
Chemical Weathering
55.
The agent of mechanical weathering in which rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called ____.
a)
Abrasion
b)
Deflation
c)
Inflation
56.
The process in which rock fragments freeze to the bottom of a glacier and then are carried away when the glacier moves is called ____.
a)
Abrasion
b)
Plucking
c)
Surging
57.
Deltas are built up by ____.
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Weathering
58.
Glaciers can only form when ____.
a)
There is an ice age
b)
The amount of snow exceeds the amount of rain
c)
More snow falls than melts
59.
Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of ____.
a)
Erosion
b)
Abrasion
c)
Water freezing and expanding in the crack of a rock
60.
____ weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change.
a)
Chemical
b)
Mechanical
c)
General
61.
A rock containing iron has been chemically weathered by ____ if it becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color.
a)
Abrasion
b)
Carbon Dioxide
c)
Oxygen
62.

The most important factors in determining the rate of weathering are ____.

a)

Carbon Dioxide and Acid Rain

b)

Abrasion and acids from plant roots

c)

Rock type and climate

63.

Approximately what percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water?

a)

97%

b)

70%

c)

3%

64.
Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called ____.
a)
Condensation
b)
Evaporation
c)
Precipitation
65.
Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers is called ____.
a)
Ground Water
b)
Rainwater
c)
Saltwater
66.
An aquifer is a(an) ____.
a)
Underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
b)
Type of hot spring from which water periodically erupts
c)
Place where ground water bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock
67.
The three major steps of the water cycle are ____.
a)
Evaporation, abrasion, and precipitation
b)
Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation
c)
Irrigation, precipitation, and conservation
68.

The stress force that pulls on the crust where two plates are moving apart is called ________

a)

Compression

b)

Shearing

c)

Tension

69.

The stress force that causes a mass of rock to move in opposite directions is called _________

a)

Compression

b)

Shearing

c)

Tension

70.
A fault that is formed when compression causes the hanging wall to move up with reference to the foot wall is called a(an) __________
a)
Normal Fault
b)
Reverse Fault
c)
Strike-Slip Fault
71.
The block of rock that lies above a fault is called the ________
a)
Hanging Wall
b)
Foot Wall
c)
Anticline
72.

Shearing creates ______faults, like the San Andreas fault in California.

a)

Normal

b)

Reverse

c)

Strike-Slip

73.
Vibrations that move through the ground carrying the energy released during an earthquake are called ____________
a)
Normal Waves
b)
Sound Waves
c)
Seismic Waves
74.
On a map, geologists draw circles around seismograph stations in order to determine the location of an earthquake’s ___________
a)
Epicenter
b)
Focus
c)
Core
75.

The type of stress that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle is called _________

a)

Compression

b)

Shearing

c)

Tension

76.
A major volcanic belt known as the_____circles the Pacific Ocean.
a)
Ring of Fire
b)
Volcanic Arc
c)
Hotspot
77.
Molten material that leaves a volcano’s vent is called _____________
a)
Magma
b)
Lava
c)
Pyroclastic Flow
78.
The bowl-shaped area around a volcano’s central vent is called a(an) ____________
a)
Crater
b)
Vent
c)
Pipe
79.
The process that lays down sediment in a new location is ____________
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Weathering
80.
A _______is a cone-shaped deposit of calcite that builds up on the floor of a cave.
a)
Column
b)
Stalactite
c)
Stalagmite
81.
A place where heated groundwater forms a fountain of water and steam is called a(an) _____________
a)
Geyser
b)
Hot Spring
c)
Volcano
82.
What does a seismograph record?
a)
The ground movements caused by seismic waves
b)
The Mercalli scale rating for an earthquake
c)
The location of the epicenter
83.
The top of the saturated zone is called the _________
a)
Ground Water
b)
Water Table
c)
Danger Zone
84.
What is the bowl shaped structure at the top of a volcano called?
a)
Crater
b)
Caldera
c)
Cauldron
85.
What is the cavern beneath the Earth's surface where magma in a volcano is stored?
a)
Magma Chamber
b)
Pipe
c)
Vent
86.
What type of weathering typically occurs in caves? (Large Impact on Limestone)
a)
Acid Rain
b)
Oxidation
c)
Carbonic Acid
87.

A standard for comparison in an experiment is called a ____.

a)

control

b)

variable

c)

fact

88.

To reveal trends in data, the data should be presented in a(an) ____.

a)

hypothesis

b)

graph

c)

operational definition

89.

The steps commonly used by scientists in gathering information to test hypotheses and solve problems are called ____.

a)

descriptive research

b)

pure science

c)

scientific methods

90.

How many variables should be changed in a simple experiment?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

91.

To protect you CLOTHES you should wear a _____.

a)

Lab Coat/Apron

b)

Gloves

c)

Goggles

92.

Goggles, Glasses, and Face Shields are all ways to protect your ______

a)

Clothes

b)

Eyes

c)

Hands

93.

Should I eat or drink in the lab room?

a)

Yes

b)

No

94.

If you or your lab partner accidentally hurt yourself what should you do FIRST?

a)

Tell the Teacher

b)

Scream and Panic

c)

Get the First Aid Kit

95.

Which of the following branches of Earth Science provides a focus on the solar system, stars, and galaxies?

a)

Astronomy

b)

Geology

c)

Oceanography

96.

Earth’s rotation takes about ______.

a)

365 days

b)

24 hours

c)

6 months

97.

One complete revolution of Earth around the sun takes about one ______.

a)

season

b)

year

c)

month

98.

Earth has seasons because ______.

a)

its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.

b)

the distance between Earth and the sun changes

c)

the temperature of the sun changes.

99.

When the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun, North America will experience ______.

a)

more indirect rays and longer days

b)

more direct rays and longer days.

c)

more indirect rays and shorter days.

100.

All objects are attracted to each other by the force of ______.

a)

mass

b)

weight

c)

gravity

101.

Characteristics used to classify stars include ______.

a)

size, brightness, and temperature.

b)

distance, size, and color.

c)

size, distance, and brightness.

102.

A star is ______when nuclear fusion starts.

a)

born

b)

dying

c)

cooling

103.

The Milky Way galaxy is an example of a(an) ______.

a)

elliptical galaxy.

b)

globular cluster.

c)

spiral galaxy.

104.

The theory that astronomers have developed to describe the formation of the universe is called the ______.

a)

Big bang theory.

b)

Galactic expansion theory.

c)

Rubber band theory.

105.

In a heliocentric system, Earth revolves around ______.

a)

stars

b)

the Sun

c)

the moon

106.

What do all of the inner planets have in common?

a)

They all have abundant liquid water.

b)

They all have many moons.

c)

They all are small and have rocky surfaces.

107.

The asteroid belt is located ______.

a)

between Mars and Jupiter.

b)

between Earth and Mars.

c)

between Jupiter and Saturn.

108.

Day and night are caused by Earth’s _____ on its axis.

a)

revolution

b)

tilt

c)

rotation

109.

Most galaxies are moving away from each other, which means the universe is ____

a)

Spiraling

b)

Compressing

c)

Expanding

110.

Earth is thought to be at the center of the solar system in the _____model.

a)

panocentric

b)

geocentric

c)

heliocentric

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