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Unit 3 Test Review

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Major groups of rocks
a)
sedimentary and igneous
b)
sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic
c)
metamorphic and sedimentary
2.
Scientists divide rocks into groups based on how they form.
a)
True
b)
false
3.
Igneous rock is formed when molten material cools and solidifies either inside Earth or at the surface.
a)
True
b)
False
4.
The process of _____ breaks down rock at Earth's surface.
a)
weathering
b)
clastic rocks
c)
chemical reaction
5.
When sediment squeezed and cemented together
a)
sedimentary rock
b)
igneous rock
c)
metamorphic rocks
6.
Clastic rocks, organic rocks, and chemical rocks
a)
sedimentary rocks
b)
igneous rocks
c)
metamorphic rocks
7.
Sedimentary rocks formed from broken fragments of other rocks 
a)
clastic
b)
chemical
c)
organic
8.
Clastic rocks are classified mainly based on the number of fragment they have.
a)
True
b)
False
9.

Which type of rock is formed from the solidification of magma or lava?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

d)

bioclastic

10.

Where is magma located?

a)

above ground

b)

below ground

c)

in the stratosphere

d)

in the thermosphere

11.

Where is lava located?

a)

above ground

b)

below ground

c)

in the core

d)

in the mantle

12.

Describe the texture of the following igneous rock.

a)

smooth

b)

coarse

c)

vesicular

d)

glassy

13.

Describe the texture of the following igneous rock.

a)

glassy

b)

rough

c)

vesicular

d)

coarse

14.

What factors can lead to the formation of a sedimentary rock?

a)

melting and solidification

b)

extreme heat and pressure

c)

compaction and cementation

15.

Which of the following is a land-derived sedimentary rock?

a)

rock gypsum

b)

limestone

c)

gabbro

d)

conglomerate

16.

Describe the method of lithification for sandstone.

a)

melting and solidification

b)

compaction and cementation

c)

evaporation and precipitation

d)

extreme heat and pressure

17.

Which of the following is an organically formed sedimentary rock?

a)

obsidian

b)

coal

c)

siltstone

d)

shale

18.

A rock deep within the Earth experiences extreme temperature and pressure. After a long period of time it becomes which rock?

a)

Magma

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Sedimentary

19.

This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

20.
Which type of rock is formed from INTENSE heat and pressure?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
21.
The three groups of rocks are classified by
a)
How they form
b)
Color
c)
Grain size
d)
Chemical Composition
22.
Fossils are only found in
a)
Sedimentary rocks
b)
Foliated Metamorphic rocks
c)
Igneous Rocks
d)
Nonfoliated Metamorphic rocks
23.
Which of the following is not a form of erosion?
a)
Frost Wedging
b)
Wind
c)
Glacial
d)
Water
24.
What type of erosion causes landslides
a)
wind
b)
waves
c)
water
d)
gravity
25.
The process by which rocks are broken down chemically or physically is known as:
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
d)
Transportation
26.
Which of these substances plays the most important part in chemical weathering?
a)
Wind
b)
Water
c)
Ice
d)
Frost
27.
Which of the following is NOT a type of physical weathering?
a)
burrowing plants
b)
ice wedging
c)
plant roots
d)
acid rain
28.
The diagrams  shows a natural process that weathers rock.
 Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?
a)
frozen water acts as a solute
b)
water expands when it freezes
c)
the mass of water increases when it freezes
d)
frozen water dissolves most types of rock
29.
Which type of climate will have faster chemical weathering?
a)
Hot and Wet
b)
Cold and Dry
c)
Hot and Cold
d)
Cold and Wet
30.
How do plants weather rocks?
a)
during photosynthesis
b)
when roots grow into cracks of rocks and expand the rock
c)
when the plant moves water from the roots to the leaves
31.
oxidation produces rust on some rocks containing iron
a)
chemical weathering
b)
mechanical weathering
c)
erosion
d)
deposition
32.
What is deposition?
a)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
moves fragments of rock
and soil.
b)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
deposit rock sediments
and soil in a new place.
c)
The breaking down of
Earth’s crust into smaller
and smaller pieces.
33.

Which substance is a mixture of organic matter & weathered rock?

a)

Schist

b)

Soil

c)

Limestone

d)

Granite

34.

Which layer of soil has the most humus?

a)

A horizon

b)

Bedrock

c)

O Horizon

d)

Regolith

35.

Which layer in a soil profile would be most affected by weathering & erosion

a)

C horizon

b)

B horizon

c)

R horizon

d)

A horizon

36.

The 2 types of weathering are _________

a)

alpha & beta

b)

mechanical & conventional

c)

conduction & convection

d)

chemical & mechanical

37.

Humus, which is formed by the decay of organic matter, is important in the formation of __________.

a)

soils

b)

minerals

c)

sediment

d)

surface bedrock

38.
the process by which layers or sheets of rock gradually break off
a)
exfoliation
b)
abrasion
c)
erosion
d)
deposition
39.

the process of wearing down by friction - like sand blasting

a)

exfoliation

b)

abrasion

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

40.

The name of the chemical reaction between a chemical compound and water

a)

leaching

b)

hydrolysis

c)

weathering

41.

As surface area of a rock increases, the rate of weathering ___________________________.

a)

Decreases

b)

Increases

c)

Stays Constant

42.
What is a soil problem all farmers face?
a)
soil hardening
b)
soil erosion
c)
soil spoiling
d)
soil pollution
43.

Soil sample that is 60% clay, 30% silt, and 10% sand has which texture?

a)

clay

b)

clay loam

c)

sandy loam

d)

silt

44.

Soil sample that is 10% clay, 20% silt, and 70% sand has which texture?

a)

clay

b)

clay loam

c)

sandy loam

d)

silt

45.

Which layer of soil is on bottom?

a)

Topsoil

b)

Subsoil

c)

Bedrock

46.

Which soil horizon typically contains the least organic matter?

a)

A horizon

b)

B horizon

c)

C horizon

d)

O horizon

47.

Which soil particle is the largest?

a)

Sand

b)

Silt

c)

Clay

d)

Loam

48.

What is a vertical cross section of the soil of the soil triangle called?

a)
soil erosion
b)
soil profile
c)
soil structure
d)
soil texture
49.
When a soil profile is exposed, various, soil horizons or _____ of soil, become apparent.
a)
colors
b)
layers
c)
structures
d)
textures
50.
What are three primary soil horizons, called master horizons?
a)
A, B, and C
b)
A, O, and R
c)
C, E, and R
d)
E, O, and R
51.

40 % Sand

50% Silt

10% Clay

a)

Clay

b)

Clay Loam

c)

Silt Loam

d)

Sandy Loam

52.

70 % Sand

15% Silt

15% Clay

a)

Sandy Loam

b)

Clay

c)

Silt Loam

d)

Clay Loam

53.

35 % Sand

15% Silt

50% Clay

a)

Clay Loam

b)

Sandy Loam

c)

Silt Loam

d)

Clay

54.

20 % Sand

60% Silt

20% Clay

a)

Sandy Loam

b)

Silt Loam

c)

Clay Loam

d)

Clay

55.

30 % Sand

40% Silt

30% Clay

a)

Clay

b)

Sandy Loam

c)

Clay Loam

d)

Silt Loam

56.

The second broadest category of geologic time is______________?. The Cenozoic is one of them.

a)

era

b)

eon

c)

epoch

d)

period

57.

The epoch we are currently living in is the

a)

Holocene

b)

Quaternary

c)

Cambrian

d)

Pleistocene

58.

The principle of fossil succession states that different types

of fossil organisms

a)

succeed one another in a definite order.

b)

occur most often in sedimentary rock.

c)

are older in the deepest layers of rock.

d)

generally leave behind hard parts.

59.

The largest expanse of time on the geologic time scale is the

a)

eon

b)

epoch

c)

era

d)

period

60.

Fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order, and any time period can be recognized by its fossil content.

a)

trace fossils

b)

principle of fossil succession

c)

index fossil

d)

petrified fossil

61.

What is the largest interval of geologic time scale?

a)

Period

b)

Epoch

c)

Eon

d)

Era

62.

Eras are subdivided into shorter time division called ______________.

a)

Eons

b)

Periods

c)

Epochs

d)

Era

63.

Periods are subdivided into shorter time division called ______________.

a)

Eons

b)

Eras

c)

Period

d)

Epochs

64.

Which of the following is known as the age of dinosaurs?

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

65.

Preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past are known as

a)

clades

b)

species

c)

fossils

d)

cells

66.
A metamorphic rock in which the grains line up in parallel bands is a
a)
Clastic Rock
b)
Nonclastic Rock
c)
Nonfoliated Rock
d)
Foliated Rock
67.
If heat and pressure inside the Earth cause a rock to melt, the material that formed would be
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Magma
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Igneous
68.
As lava cools and crystallizes, what type of rock will form?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Extrusive Igneous
d)
Intrusive Igneous
69.
The parent rock of Gneiss is
a)
Marble
b)
Granite
c)
Obsidian
d)
Biotite
70.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
71.
True or False: Once a rock is sedimentary, it cannot become an igneous rock.
a)
True
b)
False
72.

A crystalline carbon that is valued as a gem; can cut glass.

a)

minerals

b)

hardness

c)

magma

d)

diamond

73.
What is an enormous mass of ice moving over land?
a)
Ice wedging
b)
Glacier
c)
Iceberg
d)
Dune
74.
The layer of soil which the topsoil is found.
a)
Horizon A
b)
Horizon B
c)
Horizon C
d)
Horizon D or R
75.

Which horizon is know as the subsoil?

a)

R

b)

C

c)

B

d)

A

76.

Which horizon contains topsoil and organisms?

a)

R

b)

C

c)

B

d)

A

77.

What soil horizon is shown?

a)

Horizon O

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon E

d)

Horizon B

e)

Horizon C

78.

What is the breakdown of the Earth’s crust into sediment called?

a)

erosion

b)

deposition

c)

weathering

d)

whooshing

79.

What is it called when weathered rock is carried away?

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

breaking

80.

Which one of the examples below is physical weathering?

a)

lichens growing on rock

b)

acid rain wearing away limestone

c)

oxidation (rusting) of a flag pole

d)

frost wedging splitting a rock apart

81.

Which of these terms describes the process of acid rain wearing out limestone?

a)

deposition

b)

chemical weathering

c)

physical weathering

d)

erosion

82.

What is the process called when a glacier deposits rocks in oceans and lakes?

a)

deposition

b)

chemical weathering

c)

physical weathering

d)

erosion

83.

Extreme temperature changes is an example of what type of weathering?

a)

chemical

b)

physical

84.

This is an example of _____________________________.

a)

physical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

85.

Preserved remains of plants and animals from the remote past are called?

a)

Sedimentary rocks

b)

Radioactive dating

c)

Decayed organisms

d)

Fossils

86.

Which of the following organizes the divisions of geologic time from longest to shortest?

a)

eons, eras, periods, epochs

b)

epochs, periods, eras, eons

c)

periods, eons, epochs, eras

d)

eras, epochs, eons, periods

87.

Which of the following is typically measured in hundreds of thousands to millions of years?

a)

a period

b)

an eon

c)

an era

d)

an epoch

88.

Which of the following is NOT a division of geologic time?

a)

eons

b)

periods

c)

generations

d)

epochs

89.

Rocks are different from minerals because

a)

Rocks are organic

b)

Rocks are made of minerals

c)

Minerals are rocks

d)

Rocks are not naturally occuring

90.

Which is not a type of rock?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Vitreous

d)

Metamorphic

91.

Igneous rocks are formed from

a)

magma and lava cooling off

b)

other rocks being changed by temperature and pressure

c)

pieces of rock and other solids getting cemented together over time

d)

other rocks breaking

92.

Sedimentary rocks are formed from

a)

magma and lava cooling off

b)

other rocks being changed by temperature and pressure

c)

pieces of rock and other solids getting cemented together over time

d)

other rocks breaking

93.

What two intense things help form metamorphic rocks?

a)

Temperature

b)

Density

c)

Pressure

d)

Volume

94.

This type of rock has holes in it because cooling lava traps pockets of gas.

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

95.

This rock will often have straight bands of different materials that press together over time.

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

96.

Intense heat and pressure cause this rock's appearance to become distorted and wavy. The new rock is classified as

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

97.

This type of rock can include shells or fossils!

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

98.

If rocks are like pizza, then the toppings could be considered

a)

the minerals that make up rocks

b)

the different ways of forming rocks

c)

the chemical composition of minerals

99.
A rock formed from fragments of other rocks is a(n)
a)
Metamorphic Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Extrusive Rock
d)
Igneous Rock
100.
As lava cools and crystallizes, what type of rock will form?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Extrusive Igneous
d)
Intrusive Igneous
101.
What are the 3 major types of rocks?
a)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
c)
Brown, Red, Gray
d)
Streak, Hardness, Breakage
102.

The name of a person that studies rocks and the earth.

a)

veterinarian

b)

geologist

c)

podiatrist

d)

teacher

103.
When you watch a volcano erupt molten rock, you are seeing _____
a)
Lava
b)
Magma
c)
Mineral Crystals
d)
Igneous Rocks
104.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
melting and cooling
c)
weathering and erosion
105.

In which type of rock might you see a fossil?

a)

Marble

b)

Igneous rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Sedimentary rock

106.

How are metamorphic rocks created?

a)

Cooling and crystallizing as it moves away from the core

b)

Formed from pieces of other rock

c)

None of these options are correct.

d)

Heat and pressure as they move toward the core

107.
Rock that forms when sediment from older rocks get pressed and cemented together.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
108.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
erosion and deposition
c)
melting and cooling
109.
_______ rock forms from magma/lava
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Igneous
110.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
111.
Cooling & crystalization produce
a)
igneous rocks
b)
metamorphic rocks
c)
sedimentary rocks
112.

Conglomerate forms from pebbles that are cemented together. Which type of rock is this?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

113.

Gneiss is a rock that forms from high pressure and temperatures. What type of rock is this?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

114.

Obsidian forms when lava cools rapidly. What type of rock is this?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

115.

Granite forms from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface.

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

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