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Biology Final Exam Review

Total questions: 106

Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Pathogens include bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

a)

True

b)

False

2.

The bloodstream is typically not part of the immune system as it only contains red blood cells which serve no purpose to defense the body against pathogens.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

The immune system is

a)

the bodies defense against disease causing pathogens

b)

the bodies way to process nutrients and absorb them

c)

the bodies way to produce and secrete hormones

d)

the physical barrier to protect the body from the outside world

4.

The following types of cells contain DNA

a)

Bacteria

b)

Fungi

c)

Viruses

d)

Animals and Plants

5.
The main organ of your respiratory system that circulates air.
a)
heart
b)
lung
c)
liver
6.
The main organ of your circulatory system that pumps blood.
a)
heart
b)
lung
c)
liver
7.

The human brain is an example of a(n)

a)

cell

b)

tissue

c)

organ

d)

organ system

8.

What is the simplest level of organization in the body?

a)

cell

b)

tissue

c)

organ

d)

organ system

9.

When organ systems work together, they form another level of organization called a/an _____?

a)

cell

b)

tissue

c)

organ

d)

organism

10.

Which of the following levels of organization BEST represents the sequence from smallest to largest?

a)

Cell, tissue, organism, organ

b)

Cell, organism, organ, tissue

c)

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

d)

Cell, organism, tissue, organ system

11.
SPEED QUESTION!!  I am the control center of a cell.
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Ribosome
d)
Plasma membrane
12.
What is the function of the kidneys in the excretory/urinary system?
a)
store urine before it is eliminated from the body.
b)
break down food into smaller pieces through chemical digestion
c)
filter blood of cellular waste material as a result of cellular respiration
d)
control thoughts, voluntary actions, and other sensations of the five senses.
13.
These organs are responsible for what?
a)
storing urine
b)
storing water
c)
filtering blood
d)
they don't have a particular job 
14.
The nervous system is composed of the ___, ___, and ___.
a)
heart, brain, kidneys
b)
lungs, liver, stomach
c)
brain, spinal cord, nerves
d)
eyes, pancreas, veins
15.
Major function of the nervous system
a)
movement
b)
sensation
c)
thought
d)
all of these
16.
Movement can be:
a)
only voluntary
b)
only involuntary
c)
voluntary OR involuntary
d)
none of these
17.
An example of involuntary movement would be:
a)
heart beating
b)
walking
c)
talking
d)
wiggling toes
18.
Nose, trachea, lungs, alveoli
a)
Respiratory system
b)
Endocrine system
c)
Muscular system
d)
Skeletal system
19.

Which of the following illnesses does not currently have a vaccine? (15.2.1, LT 1)

a)

Hepatitis

b)

Seasonal Flu

c)

Rotavirus

d)

Common Cold

20.
Where are waste products released from the body?
a)
small intestine
b)
rectum
c)
pancreas
d)
stomach
21.
What is the purpose of the immune system?
a)
to help digest food
b)
to help fight disease
c)
to help us eat better
d)
to help us breathe better
22.
) A characteristic such as color of eyes, skin, or fur.
a)
gamete
b)
trait
c)
zygote
23.
A range of differences of traits in a population.
a)
adaptations
b)
variables
c)
diversity
24.
The sex chromosomes of a male.
a)
XX
b)
YY
c)
XY
25.
The sex chromosomes of a female.
a)
XX
b)
YY
c)
XY
26.

In DNA, cytosine always pairs with

a)

guanine

b)

uracil

c)

thymine

d)

adenine

27.

Most fossils are found in

a)

igneous rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

sandy soil

d)

sedimentary rock

28.

Round bacteria are known as

a)

coccus

b)

bacillus

c)

spirillum

d)

strepto

29.

DNA is made up of phosphates, sugars, and

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

bases

d)

iodine

30.

A red flower bred to a white flower produces red and white spotted flowers. This is an example of

a)

incomplete dominance

b)

recessive genes

c)

epistasis

d)

co-dominance

31.

Organisms that rely on other organisms for food are called

a)

producers

b)

autotrophs

c)

consumers

d)

saprophytes

32.

A vaccine is

a)

the same as antibiotics

b)

produced inside of the body by white blood cells

c)

a weakened virus or bacteria that helps create immunity

d)

given to someone after they have become infected

33.

Members of the protist kingdom

a)

usually live in watery environments

b)

were kicked out of their former kingdoms

c)

are not plants, animals, or fungi

d)

all of these

34.

Tiny hair-like structures that protozoa use for movement are

a)

cilia

b)

flagella

c)

pseudopods

d)

pilli

35.

All animals

a)

breathe oxygen with lungs

b)

have a 4 chambered heart

c)

are heterotrophic

d)

can reproduce asexually

36.

An individual can evolve within its lifetime.

a)

true

b)

false

37.

A population can evolve over multiple generations.

a)

true

b)

false

38.

The theory of evolution indicates that all organisms on Earth descended from a common ancestor.

a)

true

b)

false

39.

Embryos of different species look very different.

a)

true

b)

false

40.

All types of DNA mutations cause serious problems.

a)

true

b)

false

41.

Who is credited with the Theory of Evolution?

a)

Watson and Crick

b)

Charles Darwin

c)

Albert Einstein

d)

Gregor Mendel

42.

_________ means that some competitors are better equipped in the struggle for existence & will pass their traits on while those less equipped will die.

a)

Hardy-Weinberg

b)

Vestigial structures

c)

Embryology

d)

Natural selection

43.

Which is most closely related to a human?

a)

bird

b)

fish

c)

lizard

d)

cat

44.

Total mass of living matter at each trophic level.

a)

biomass

b)

biotic factor

c)

symbiosis

d)

biome

45.

Any living factor in an organism's environment (food, predation, disease, etc).

a)

biotic factor

b)

niche

c)

food web

d)

autotroph

46.

Organism that captures energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce its own food-- aka the producers.

a)

symbiosis

b)

herbivore

c)

autotroph

d)

population

47.

Model that shows many interconnected food chains & pathways energy can flow through an ecosystem.

a)

biomass

b)

food chain

c)

food web

d)

omnivore

48.

Any nonliving factor in an organism's environment (soil, water, etc).

a)

biotic factor

b)

abiotic factor

c)

mutualism

d)

food chain

49.

Each step in a food chain or food web. Also each level in the energy pyramid.

a)

ecology

b)

habitat

c)

biodiversity

d)

trophic level

50.

Diagrammed family history used to study inheritance patterns through several generations.

a)

codominance

b)

carrier

c)

karyotype

d)

pedigree

51.

Functional unit that controls inherited trait expression passed from one generation to the next.

a)

homologous

b)

diploid

c)

haploid

d)

gene

52.

The science of heredity is called ___.

a)

genetic recombinations

b)

genetics

c)

genotypes

d)

phenotypes

53.

Alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait.

a)

allele

b)

autosome

c)

homozygous

d)

gamete

54.

Tall pea plants are dominant to short pea plants. If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant, the parents are ____.

a)

TT x TT

b)

TT x tt

c)

tt x tt

d)

Tt x Tt

55.

If a homozygous dominant parent is crossed with a homozygous recessive parent, what percent of the offspring are heterozygous?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

56.

Polymerase, ligase and helicase are all types of ____.

a)

DNA

b)

enzymes

c)

RNA

d)

carbohydrates

57.

Making 2 new DNA strands from an original strand is called ___.

a)

replication

b)

translation

c)

transcription

d)

copyfication

58.

Transcription & translation are the steps of _______.

a)

replication

b)

evolution

c)

the energy pyramid

d)

protein synthesis

59.

A permanent change in a cell's DNA is called a ______.

a)

base

b)

carcinogen

c)

mutation

d)

prokaryote

60.

Chains of amino acids are bonded together to form _____

a)

fats

b)

carbohydrates

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

61.

An unregulated cell cycle is called _____.

a)

cancer

b)

translation

c)

mutagen

d)

replication

62.

Bacteria have no membrane-bound organelles and are called ___.

a)

prokaryotic

b)

eukaryotic

63.

Our cells have membrane-bound organelles and are called ____.

a)

prokaryotic

b)

eukaryotic

64.

The rock pocket mice changed color over time because they noticed that their environment had changed to a darker color so they decided it would be a good idea to have dark fur to blend in.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

A nucleotide consists of

a)

a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

b)

a sugar, an amino acid, and starch

c)

a sugar, a protein, and adenine

d)

a starch , a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

66.

The first step in DNA replication is

a)

two new strands of DNA are completely reproduced

b)

DNA polymerase attaches to each strand and adds the complimentary bases

c)

the DNA helicase unwinds the double helix, breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases

d)

the complimentary strands are checked for errors and repairs are made.

67.

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary (pairs) with ______ instead of ________.

a)

guanine, cytosine

b)

thymine, uracil

c)

uracil, thymine

d)

cytosine, guanine

68.

The following is an example of which type of symbiotic relationship? Human eyelashes are home to tiny mites that feast on oil secretion and dead skin. Without harming us, up to 20 mites may be living in one eyelash follicle.

a)

Parasitism

b)

Mutualism

c)

Predation

d)

Commensalism

69.
In pigs, the allele for a wavy, rough coat (R) is dominant to the allele for a soft, fine coat (r). A rough coat boar and a soft coat sow mate. They produce several litters, 50% are rough coat and 50% are smooth coat. What were the genotypes of the parents?
a)
RR × rr
b)
Rr × rr
c)
RR × Rr
d)
Rr × Rr
70.
Impala share the African plains with other grazing animals and predators. Which change would lead to a DECREASE in the impala population?
a)
a reduction in the lion population
b)
an increase in the number of other grazing animals
c)
an increase in restrictions on the hunting of impala
d)
a reduction in the populations of other impala predators
71.
Green and brown algae share many common features. Both have pigments for trapping sunlight and use photosynthesis for energy. Both store their food as sugars. Both have cell walls and plant-like bodies. However, their DNA suggests that they are not even remotely related to one another. Green algae and brown algae show __________________ evolution, since they look similar, but are not close relatives
a)
convergent
b)
divergent
c)
homologous
d)
vestigial
72.
_______________, harmful or helpful, is considered to be the source for new alleles and a main contributor to the diversity of life on Earth.
a)
Mitosis
b)
Mutation
c)
Transcription
d)
Translation
73.
Which is NOT true of MEIOSIS?
a)
Produces two cells
b)
Allows for genetic recombination
c)
Produces gametes
d)
Includes crossing over
74.
If the diploid number of an organism is 36, how many chromosomes are found in a gamete?
a)
36
b)
72
c)
18
d)
Not enough information
75.
Transcribe this sequence:  ACTGTTC
a)
UGACAAG
b)
TGACAAG
c)
TGUCUUG
d)
AGUCUUG
76.
In a cross of two heterozygous parents, what proportion of the offspring will also be heterozygous?
a)
50%
b)
100%
c)
0%
d)
75%
77.
SPEED QUESTION!!  Who is the Father of Genetics?
a)
Gregor Mendel
b)
Charles Darwin
c)
Louis Pasteur
d)
Robert Hooke
78.
SPEED QUESTION!!  Scientists estimate that the earth is how old?
a)
4.6 billion years
b)
3.5 billion years
c)
4.6 million years
d)
3.5 million years
79.
What do you call all of the chemical reactions of a living thing?
a)
Metabolism
b)
Homeostasis
c)
Energy
d)
Photosynthesis
80.
Which is NOT a characteristic of all living things?
a)
Sleep
b)
Cells
c)
Reproduction
d)
Grow
81.
As you go to higher trophic levels....
a)
Amount of energy available decreases
b)
Amount of biomass increases
c)
Number of organisms increases
d)
Size of organisms decreases
82.
Reestablishing a damaged ecosystem where even the soil was destroyed...
a)
Secondary succession
b)
Primary succession
c)
Carrying capacity
d)
Homeostasis
83.
SPEED QUESTION!!  The process of sunlight being used to make glucose.
a)
Respiration
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Chemosynthesis
d)
Replication
84.
Cell membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave but prevents unwanted materials from entering or needed things from leaving.  What does this describe?
a)
Selective permeability
b)
Metabolism
c)
Respiration
d)
Photosynthesis
85.
When Mendel crossed two green pea plants, some of the offspring produced yellow peas.  What does this tell us about the parent plants?
a)
They must have been homozygous dominant
b)
They must have been heterozygous
c)
They must have been homozygous recessive
d)
One was dominant and one was recessive
86.

All organism in a food chain will eventually return to environment by the action of ____?

a)

top carnivores

b)

producers

c)

decomposers

d)

secondary consumers

87.

The amount of energy expected to be transferred from one trophic level to another is ___?

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

90%

d)

100%

88.

Identify the gas that is an input (reactant) of photosynthesis:

a)

oxygen

b)

Water

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

nitrogen

89.

Identify the organism(s) that depend on photosynthesis for survival

a)

Amphibians and Reptiles

b)

Mammals

c)

Plants, algae, and phytoplankton

d)

Every living organism, in some manner, depends on photosynthesis

90.

Identify the cellular organelle that the process of photosynthesis occurs in:

a)

mitochondria

b)

chloroplast

c)

nucleus

d)

vacuole

91.

Identify the cellular organelle that the process of cellular respiration occurs in:

a)

mitochondria

b)

chloroplast

c)

nucleus

d)

golgi

92.

The diagram shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

a)

Segregation of sister chromatids

b)

Mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered

c)

Crossing over in which alleles are exchanged

d)

Condensation and segregation of alleles

93.

What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?

a)

doubles

b)

halves

c)

stays the same

d)

becomes diploid

94.

Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from his or her father?

a)

22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and an X and Y chromosome

b)

22 haploid cells and an X or Y chromosome

c)

23 diploid cells and an X and Y

chromosome

d)

22 autosomes and an X or Y

chromosome

95.

Which of the following best describes the daughter cells that result at the end of meiosis?

a)

There are two daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

b)

There are two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

c)

There are four daughter cells, each having the half number of chromosomes as the original cell.

d)

There are four daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

96.
Which scientist determined that DNA contains equal amounts of Guanine and Cytosine, and equal amounts of Adenine and Thymine?
a)
Erwin Chargaff
b)
James Watson and Francis Crick
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Toby McGuire
97.
Which organelle assembles proteins?
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Ribosome
c)
Nucleus
d)
Mitochondrion
98.
When an red flower and a white flower are crossed and the offspring are pink flowers... 
a)
Codominance
b)
Epistasis
c)
Intollerance
d)
Incomplete Dominance
99.
A structure that no longer serves a purpose in the current organism, but may have had a purpose in an ancestor (Example: human tailbone).
a)
Homologous Structure
b)
Analogous Structure
c)
Vestigial Structure
d)
Complex Structure
100.
A type of Reproductive Isolation that occurs because organisms have unique mating calls or dances.
a)
Behavioral Isolation
b)
Temporal Isolation
c)
Geographic Isolation
d)
Psychological Isolation
101.
A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is harmed.
a)
Parasitism
b)
Mutualism
c)
Commensalism
d)
Community
102.
The process of turning nitrogen gas into solid nitrogen (ammonia).
a)
Transpiration
b)
Mutualism
c)
Denitrification
d)
Nitrogen Fixation
103.
These special cells have the ability to become any type of cell.
a)
Cancer Cells
b)
Blood Cells
c)
Nerve Cells
d)
Stem Cells
104.
Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
105.
This uses energy
a)
endocytosis
b)
exocytosis
c)
both
106.
What is it called when molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a carrier protein?
a)
Diffusion
b)
Osmosis
c)
Active Transport
d)
Facilitated Diffusion

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