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Honors Biology Midterm Exam Review

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 2hrs 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which biomolecule has sugars and starches?
a)
Lipids
b)
Proteins
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Nucleic Acid
2.
Which biomolecule functions include enzymes­ which speeds the rate of chemical reactions, structural components in cells, mechanical functions in muscles and cytoskeleton, cell signaling, and immune response; provides structure and helps with chemical reactions 
a)
Protein
b)
Lipids
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
3.
Which biomolecule is important source of energy for humans; glucose for human cells, tissues, and organs; provides fiber, sugar, and starches; provides structural support, cell wall, and cell membrane maker?
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Lipid
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Protein
4.
Which biomolecule includes fats, such as triglycerides, oils, waxes, and steroids (cholesterol); insoluble in water; provides energy storage, insulation, part of cell membrane, and hormones 
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Lipids
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Protein
5.
Identify the biomolecule
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
6.
Identify the biomolecule
a)
Lipid
b)
Protein
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
7.
What is the monomer for a protein?
a)
Monosaccharide
b)
Triglyceride
c)
Amino Acid
d)
Nucleotide
8.
This biomolecule would be used for
a)
Building enzymes
b)
Storing energy
c)
Key source of energy
d)
Storing genetic information
9.
Lipids are made up of which of the following?
a)
glycerol and fatty acids tails
b)
glycerol and monolipids
c)
fatty acids and phosolipids
d)
amino acids and nucleotides
10.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
a)
Glycerol
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Nucleotides
11.
Which biomolecule is this a picture of?
a)
Protein
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
12.
The waxy, organic substances used by aquatic birds to coat their feathers, when analyzed consists mostly of 
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
13.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

a)

To control what comes in and out of the cell

b)

To break down food inside the cell

c)

to serve as a barrier

d)

to eat the cells food

14.
In what organelle is the genetic material found inside?
 
a)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
b)
Golgi Complex
c)
Nucleolus
d)
Nucleus
15.
Using this image, what organelle is C?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Large Cell Vacuole
d)
Chloroplast
16.
What is the function of the vacuole?
a)
Sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste products
b)
Sac filled with digestive chemicals
c)
Jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane
d)
stack of membranes that packages chemicals
17.
The two kinds of cells are Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. How are they different?
a)
Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
b)
Eukaryotes have a nucleus.
c)
Prokaryotes are plant cells.
d)
There is no difference.
18.
What cell part is NOT found in all cells?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Genetic Material
19.
I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?
a)
vacuole
b)
ribosome
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
golgi apparatus
20.
What makes the endoplasmic reticulum rough?
a)
Vessicles
b)
Vacuoles
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Chromosomes
21.
Supports cells structure & drives cell movement.  Composed of microfilaments, microtubules, & centrioles.
a)
endoplasmic reticulum
b)
golgi apparatus
c)
cytoskeleton
d)
vacuole
22.
Contains digestive enzymes to break down worn out parts of the cell.
a)
vacuole
b)
lysosome
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleolus
23.

The movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration is known as--

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Active Transport

24.

What is it called when large molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a protein channel?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active Transport

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

25.

What is the name of the process in which small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across the cell membrane

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active Transport

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

26.

When there is an equal number of molecules on the inside and outside of the cell, that is called-

a)

difference

b)

transportation

c)

homeostasis

d)

solution

27.

The movement of molecules from low to high is known as

a)

simple diffusion

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

osmosis

28.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
29.
What type of transport is illustrated?
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
active transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
30.
The picture is an example of...
a)
active tranport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
31.
The cell membrane is made mostly of
a)
phospholipid monolayer and proteins
b)
phospholipid bilayer and proteins
c)
proteins and carbohydrates bilayer
d)
triglycerides and carbohydrates
32.

Which describes a hypotonic environment?

a)

Too much water in the cell will cause the cell to burst - the percentage of water is higher outside the cell than inside the cell

b)

Too little water in the cell will cause the cell to shrink - the percentage of water is lower outside the cell than inside the cell

c)

Concentrations of water are equal inside and outside the cell

33.

Which describes a hypertonic environment?

a)

Too much water in the cell will cause the cell to burst - the percentage of water is higher outside the cell than inside the cell

b)

Too little water in the cell will cause the cell to shrink - the percentage of water is lower outside the cell than inside the cell

c)

Concentrations of water are equal inside and outside the cell

34.

Which describes an isotonic environment?

a)

Too much water in the cell will cause the cell to burst - the percentage of water is higher outside the cell than inside the cell

b)

Too little water in the cell will cause the cell to shrink - the percentage of water is lower outside the cell than inside the cell

c)

Concentrations of water are equal inside and outside the cell

35.

A process in which cells surround and engulf substances that are TOO BIG to enter the cell is known as...

a)

Pinocytosis

b)

Phagocytosis

c)

Endocytosis

d)

Receptor-mediated

36.

When a cell forms a vesicle around unwanted particles and expels it OUT of the cell.

a)

Pinocytosis

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Receptor-mediated

d)

Exocytosis

37.
Which is true about asexual reproduction?
a)
Takes only one mate to reproduce and takes a longer time to reproduce
b)
Takes a shorter amount of time to reproduce and it takes two mates to reproduce
c)
Reproduces diverse offspring and takes a longer time to reproduce
d)
Takes only one mate to reproduce and takes a shorter time to reproduce
38.
What percentage of chromosomes are contributed by a sperm cell?
a)
75%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
39.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
Allows genetic variation
b)
Only needs one parent
c)
Happens very quickly
d)
Offspring are exact copies of parent
40.
Which is a type of Asexual Reproduction
a)
Flowers being pollinated
b)
Binary fission
c)
Chickens laying fertilized eggs
d)
Conjugation
41.
Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process called 
a)
replication
b)
meiosis
c)
splitting in two
d)
binary fission
42.
What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually?
a)
blood cells 
b)
neurons 
c)
skin cells 
d)
gametes 
43.
Before a cell can divide, what must happen?
a)
Nothing, it is always ready to divide
b)
The number of chromosomes must be reduced by half
c)
The  chromosomes must replicate
d)
The number of chromosomes must triple.
44.
If the message never gets through for a cell to stop dividing and it just keeps dividing over and over again, what can form?
a)
tumor
b)
freckle
c)
goosebump
d)
scab
45.
In which type of cells will mitosis occur?
a)
egg cells
b)
germ cells
c)
jail cells
d)
Somatic cells
46.
After meiosis,  the haploid number of chromosomes in a human sex cell is:
a)
46
b)
92
c)
22
d)
23
47.
What is the diploid number of cells found in a human body cell?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
92
d)
47
48.
Meiosis creates how many cells?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
49.
At the end of mitosis, how many identical cells will you have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
50.
Another name for a sex cell is a:
a)
gamete
b)
embryo
c)
bone cell
d)
muscle cell
51.
The process on the left is:
The process on the right is:
a)
Left: meiosis
Right: meiosis
b)
Left: meiosis
Right: cloning
c)
Left: mitosis
Right: meiosis
d)
Left: mitosis
Right: mitosis
52.
What phase of mitosis is occuring in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Cytokinesis
d)
Telophase
53.
What is the first phase of Mitosis?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
54.
In which phase does the cell spend most of it's life?
a)
Interphase
b)
Nuclear Division
c)
Telophase
d)
Mitosis
55.
Why do we need meiosis?
a)
To double the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
b)
To halve the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
c)
To triple the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
d)
To not change the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
56.
The result of meiosis is:
a)
two diploid cells
b)
two haploid cells
c)
four diploid cells
d)
four haploid cells
57.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
58.
During what stage does the G1, S and G2 phases happen?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
Mitosis
d)
Cytokinesis
59.
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
G2 phase
d)
M phase
60.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
61.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
62.
What phase of mitosis is pictured?
a)
Metaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Prophase
d)
Anaphase
63.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
64.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
65.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
66.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
67.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
68.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
69.
The following picture must be
a)
DNA because it's double stranded
b)
RNA because it's single stranded
c)
DNA because it's single stranded
d)
RNA because it's double stranded
70.
RNA contains the sugar
a)
ribose
b)
deoxyribose
c)
glucose
d)
lactose
71.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of bases?
a)
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine
b)
RNA contains uracil in place of adenine
c)
RNA contains uracil in place of guanine
d)
RNA contains uracil in place of  cytosine
72.
What is the template for mRNA?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
proteins
73.
What is the product of transcription?
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
proteins
74.
A portion of DNA reads GAG. The corresponding mRNA would be
a)
GUG
b)
GTG
c)
CTC
d)
CUC
75.
WHY must we use RNA if we already have genetic code in DNA?
a)
RNA is portable and can be read by the ribosome
b)
RNA is more accurate than DNA
c)
The cell needs a backup code and uses RNA
d)
DNA and RNA can be used interchangeably 
76.

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

77.

How many codons equals 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

78.

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

79.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
80.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
81.
Enzymes are...
a)
nucleic acids
b)
proteins
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
82.
Enzymes speed up reaction rates by changing...
a)
Activation Energy
b)
pH
c)
Hydrogen Bonds
d)
Kinetic Energy
83.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
84.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
85.
Letter C...
a)
active site
b)
enzymes
c)
substrate
d)
products
86.
Letter E...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
87.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
88.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
89.
What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
a)
Activation energy is lowered.
b)
It becomes stronger.
c)
It loses its shape.
d)
Activation energy is raised.
90.

Foods synthesized in the process of Photosynthesis by plants is stored as

a)

Starch

b)

Protein

c)

Vitamins

d)

Fats

91.

Where in a plant cell does photosynthesis take place

a)

Palisade cells

b)

Chlorophyll

c)

Chloroplasts

d)

Vacuole

92.

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

a)

To release energy

b)

To create glucose

c)

To grow

d)

To get oxygen for respiration

93.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

a)

Oxygen and Energy

b)

Carbon Dioxide and Glucose

c)

Glucose and Oxygen

d)

Oxygen and Water

94.

Identify what is shown in the picture

a)

chlorophyll

b)

stomata

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

veins

95.
Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a)
absorbs green light.
b)
absorbs violet light.
c)
reflects green light.
d)
does not absorb violet light.
96.
What molecule absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?
a)
chloroplast
b)
thylakoid
c)
grana
d)
chlorophyll
97.

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the

a)

Thylakoid

b)

Grana

c)

Inner membrane of chloroplast

d)

Stroma

98.
Where do the light reactions happen?
a)
mitochondria membrane
b)
thylakoid membrane
c)
stroma
d)
central vacuole
99.
What is the main purpose of the light dependent reactions?
a)
To provide the energy for the calvin cycle
b)
To capture energy and make sugar
c)
To reflect green light
d)
To make sugars
100.

Choose the statement that best describes light reaction.

a)

It converts CO2 to sugar molecule

b)

It converts light energy to chemical energy of ATP and NADPH

c)

It takes place in the stroma

101.

Which of the following is not needed to start the light reaction

a)

H2O

b)

ADP + P

c)

CO2

102.
The reactant of photosynthesis are...
a)
sunlight and chlorophyll
b)
glucose and oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
sunlight and water
103.

Under anaerobic conditions yeast release

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

lactic acid

d)

ethyl alcohol

104.

The term aerobic means

a)

wine-making

b)

with carbon dioxide

c)

without carbon dioxide

d)

with oxygen

e)

without oxygen

105.

which of the following is the result of glycolysis?

a)

reduction of FAD to FADH2

b)

production of carbon dioxide

c)

conversion of glucose to 2 three carbon compounds

d)

conversion of NADH to NAD+

106.

The end products of the KREBS cycle include all of the following except

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

pyruvic acid

c)

ATP

d)

NADH

107.

Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is at least partly due to

a)

an excess of ATP that builds up during exercise

b)

the presence of lactic acid from fermentation by muscle cells

c)

the large amount of carbon dioxide that builds up in muscle

d)

the accumulation of alcohol from anaerobic respiration

108.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
109.

Which organism go through cellular respiration?

a)

animals

b)

plants

c)

both animals and plants

d)

none

110.

Cellular Respiration occurs in what cell organelle?

a)

chloroplast

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

animal

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