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Muscular System Review

Total questions: 104

Worksheet time: 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which connective tissue surrounds fasicles?

a)

epimysium

b)

endomysium

c)

perimysium

2.

Which connective tissue surrounds the whole muscle?

a)

epimysium

b)

endomysium

c)

perimysium

3.

Which connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?

a)

epimysium

b)

endomysium

c)

perimysium

4.

Actin myofilaments are

a)

attached to the z disk

b)

are found primarily in the h zone

c)

are thicker than myosin myofilaments

d)

all of these options

5.

Which structure provides an attachment site for calcium?

a)

actin

b)

troponin

c)

tropomyosin

d)

m-line

6.

Which area of a sarcomere contains only actin?

a)

Z disk

b)

A band

c)

H zone

d)

I band

7.

Which part of the sarcomere does not shorten during muscle contraction?

a)

A band

b)

H zone

c)

I band

d)

None of these

8.

Skeletal muscles...

a)

Require energy in order to contract

b)

Require energy in order to relax

c)

Relax when calcium ions are transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

d)

All of these

9.

Which of the following puts the structures of the muscle in order from largest to smallest?

a)

Whole muscle, muscle fiber, actin & myosin, myofibril, muscle fasicle

b)

Whole muscle, muscle fasicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, actin & myosin

c)

Whole muscle, muscle fiber, muscle fasicle, myofibril, actin & myosin

d)

Whole muscle, muscle fasicle, muscle fiber, actin & myosin, myofibril

10.

The impulse that triggers a contraction travels deep into a muscle fiber by means of

a)

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

b)

Transverse Tubules

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Motor end Plates

11.

Myofibrils are composed primarily of

a)

Actin and Myosin

b)

ATP and ADP

c)

Troponin

d)

Tropomyosin

12.

The enzyme cholinesterase cause acetylcholine to

a)

bind to actin

b)

secret from the motor end plate

c)

decompose

d)

form cross bridges

13.

The all-or-none response means

a)

all of the muscles in a region contract together

b)

all of the muscle fibers within a muscle contract together

c)

when a muscle fiber contracts, it contracts completely

d)

when a muscle fiber contracts, all of its ATP is changed to ADP

14.

Rigor mortis that occurs in skeletal muscles a few hours after death is due to

a)

excessive ATP, which prevents muscle relaxation

b)

lack of ATP, which prevents muscle relaxation

c)

excessive ATP, which causes muscle contraction

d)

None of these

15.

When a muscle undergoes atrophy in response to disuse

a)

there is a reduction in capillary networks

b)

the number of mitochondria decreases

c)

the size of actin and myosin filaments decreases

d)

all of these

16.

Muscle fatigue is most likely due to an accumulation of

a)

citric acid

b)

lactic acid

c)

creatine

d)

myosin

17.
What two chemicals are necessary for muscle contraction to occur?
a)
Niacin and Potassium
b)
Calcium and ATP
c)
Sodium and Potassium
d)
Ach and Potassium
18.
What is the structure that stores the Calcium in the muscle cell.  
a)
Sarcoplasm
b)
Sarcolemma
c)
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
d)
Myoglobin
19.
___ and ___ are regulatory proteins bound to actin. 
a)
Troponin and tropomyosin
b)
Myosin and actin
c)
Calcium and Oxygen
d)
Glycogen and hemoglobin
20.
Skeletal Muscle contraction is initiated when the ________ sends a message to the muscle cell.  
a)
Muscle cell
b)
Neuron
c)
Gland
d)
None of the above
21.
The neurotransmitter that signals muscle contraction is called...
a)
Ach
b)
Myosin
c)
Actin
d)
Calcium
22.
Region where a motor neuron comes in close contact with a muscle cell.
a)
neurotransmitter
b)
muscular dystrophy
c)
muscle tension
d)
neuromuscular junction
23.
enzyme that breaks down the muscle cell neurotransmitter and ends the impulse
a)
lactase
b)
sucrase
c)
lipase
d)
acetylcholinterase
24.
Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells 
a)
causes fatigue
b)
produces lactic acid
c)
occurs with a lack of oxygen
d)
all of these
25.
The following are all functions of the muscular system EXCEPT:
a)
Maintaining posture
b)
Generating body heat
c)
Stabilizing joints
d)
Producing red blood cells (hematopoiesis)
26.
What is the name of the Thick filaments?
a)
Actin
b)
Myosin
c)
Myoglobin
d)
Titan
27.

The region where a motor neuron comes in close contact with a muscle cell is known as:

a)

neurotransmitter

b)

muscular dystrophy

c)

muscle tension

d)

neuromuscular junction

28.

A motor unit is made up of _______________.

a)

all the muscle fibers within a given muscle

b)

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

c)

all the neurons going into an individual section of the body

d)

many neurons and many muscle fibres they innervate

29.

All muscle fibres within a motor unit will contract...

a)

if the action potential is above the threshold

b)

if the synapse is open

c)

if the individual has enough muscle fibres

d)

If the action potential is below the threshold

30.

Name the nerve which is most responsible for stimulating a muscle to contract.

a)

motor neuron

b)

sensory neuron

c)

Interneuron

31.

A motor end plate is found

a)

At the end of a sensory neuron

b)

Within the spinal cord

c)

At the end of a motor neuron

d)

In the CNS

32.

The difference between small and large motor units is

a)

The number of motor neurons that they have

b)

The number of muscle fibres which are innervated

c)

The number of sensory neurons that they have

33.

Comparatively speaking, of the muscle groups below, which muscle would contain motor units that have the highest action potential threshold

a)

muscles associated with the eye

b)

muscles associated with the forearm

c)

muscles associated with the upper arm

d)

muscles associated with the upper leg

34.

Within a whole muscle there

a)

are many motor units all with the same action potential threshold

b)

is only one motor unit with the same action potential

c)

are many motor units each with different action potential thresholds

35.

What is the name of the protein that covers the binding sites on actin?

a)

Myosin

b)

Tropoblasts

c)

Titan

d)

Tropomyosin

36.

Muscles in the eye contain motor units with a motor neuron connected to only five muscle fibers. What type of control does a person have over these muscles?

a)

Very little control

b)

No control

c)

Extremely accurate control

d)

Moderate or average control

37.

What does calcium attach in a muscle contraction?

a)

Myosin

b)

Tropomyosin

c)

Troponin

d)

Actin

38.

The H zone changes size during a muscle contraction.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

The I band is labeled here as _______.

a)

AD

b)

AC

c)

BC

d)

AB

40.

The A band is labeled here as _______.

a)

AD

b)

AC

c)

BC

d)

AB

41.

What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

a)

Inorganic phosphate

b)

ADP

c)

Calcium

d)

ATP

42.

A quick Jerky response to a stimulus is what type of contraction?

a)

Twitch

b)

Tetanic

c)

Isometric

d)

Isotonic

e)

Isokinetic

43.

A contraction where only 1 or just a very few muscle fibers contract in response to a stimulus

a)

Twitch

b)

Tetanic

c)

Isometric

d)

Isotonic

e)

Isokinetic

44.

This type of contraction is produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession

a)

Twitch

b)

Tetanic

c)

Isometric

d)

Isotonic

e)

Isokinetic

45.

This type of muscle contraction will fire against a load, but WILL NOT shorten or lengthen

a)

Tetanic

b)

Isometric

c)

Isotonic

d)

Isokinetic

e)

Eccentric

46.
Which of the Proteins listed below IS NOT a myofibril protein?
A.  Actin
B.  Troponin
C.  Trypsin
D.  Tropomyosin
E.  Myosin
F.  Titin
a)
All of these listed are myofibril proteins
b)
Troponin is not a myofibril protein.
c)
Trypsin is not a myofibril protein.
d)
Titin is not a myofibril protein.
47.
A mitochondria's role in muscle contraction is the production of...
a)
Synthesis of ATP
b)
Metabolism of ATP
c)
Synthesis of Proteins
d)
Metabolism of Worn out Proteins
48.
Which protein is responsible for helping the muscle 'relax' back to its neutral position?
a)
Actin
b)
Myosin
c)
Titin
d)
Tropomyosin
49.
Which is more true to cause muscle contraction?
a)
Actin Pulls on the myosin
b)
Myosin Pulls on the Titin
c)
Myosin Pulls on Actin
d)
Actin Pulls on Titin
50.
Which ion, when present, changes the conformation of tropomyosin?
a)
Calcium
b)
Sodium
c)
Potassium
d)
Lithium
51.
In order for tropomyosin to change conformation, calcium has to bind with...
a)
Voltage Gated Ion Channel
b)
Ligand Gated Ion Channel
c)
Troponin Protein
d)
Actin Protein
52.
Which of the following occurs first in muscle contraction?
a)
Myosin /Actin Cross bridge shifts to move actin.
b)
Phosphate is released form the myosin globular head
c)
Calcium Enters the Sarcoplasm (Cytoplasm) of the muscle cell.
d)
ADP is released form the myosin globular head.
53.
Which of the following occurs first in muscle contraction?
a)
Myosin globular head 'uncoils' releasing stored energy.
b)
Cross Bridges are formed between actin and myosin
c)
Tropomyosin changes shape (conformation) to expose myosin binding sites.
d)
Calcium Binds with Troponin
54.
A build up of charge in the sarcolemma reaches _____ to begin the propagation of an action potential down the length of the sarcolemma.
a)
Capacity
b)
Threshold
c)
Ionization
d)
Critical
55.
During muscle contraction the 'Z' Lines will...
a)
Disappear
b)
Get Farther apart
c)
Get Closer Together
d)
Appear Thicker
56.
During full muscle contraction the H Zone will...
a)
Disappear
b)
Get wider
57.

What is necessary for the myosin to release the actin?

a)

ATP

b)

Calcium

c)

ADP

d)

Sodium

58.

What does calcium do to the actin?

a)

Covers myosin binding sites

b)

Uncovers myosin binding sites

c)

Covers actin binding sites

d)

Uncovers actin binding sites

59.

What two chemicals are necessary for muscle contraction to occur?

a)

Niacin and Potassium

b)

Calcium and ATP

c)

Sodium and Potassium

d)

Acetylcholine and Potassium

60.

Actin is the ...

a)

Thick Filament within a Muscle Fibre

b)

Thin Filament within a Muscle Fibre

c)

Protein that covers myosin-binding sites

d)

Molecule that causes muscle contraction

61.

True or False: Cross-bridges is when a myosin head attaches to an actin during contraction

a)

True

b)

False

62.

What starts a muscle contraction?

a)

Release of Calcium Ions

b)

Attachment of Myosin-Heads

c)

An Action Potential

d)

Release of ADP

63.

What does the Myosin Heads release to relax and pull the Actin filament?

a)

ATP

b)

ADP

c)

CNS

d)

ETC

64.

True or False: Myosin-Heads act as a ATPase.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

Power stroke will occur when

a)

ATP binds to myosin head

b)

Myosin head releases ADP and Pi

c)

Myosin head hydrolyse ATP

d)

Myosin binds to actin

66.

Which of the following refers to the muscle cell?

a)

Myofibril

b)

Myofilament

c)

Fascicle

d)

Muscle fiber

67.

Bundle composed of actin and myosin

a)

whole muscle

b)

filaments

c)

fascicles

d)

myofibrils

68.

Muscle under voluntary control

a)

skeletal

b)

smooth

c)

cardiac

69.

Muscle cell membrane

a)

sarcomere

b)

sarcoplasm

c)

sarcolemma

70.

involuntary, striated, branched muscle found only in the heart

a)

Skeletal

b)

smooth

c)

cardiac

71.

Theory of how actin slide together during a muscle contraction

a)

Sarcomere Theory

b)

Sliding filament theory

c)

Motor Unit Theory

72.

Organelle that stores the calcium ions

a)

sarcoplasm

b)

sarcoplasmic reticulum

c)

sarcolemma

73.

A motor neuron is…

a)

a. a single group of neurons that attach to many neuromuscular junctions.

b)

b. Junction of synapse where the motor neuron attaches to the muscle.

c)

c. A nerve cell that carries the action potential to skeletal muscles.

d)

d. NA

74.

Contractility is the ability of a muscle to…

a)

a. shorten.

b)

b. respond to a nerve stimulus

c)

c. stretch beyond the resting state.

d)

d. return to a resting state after the muscle is stretched

75.

Excitability is the ability of a muscle to

a)

a. shorten.

b)

c. stretch beyond the resting state.

c)

b. respond to a nerve stimulus.

d)

d. return to a resting state after the muscle is stretched.

76.

What chemical builds up in the muscle during anaerobic muscle movement?

a)

a. ATP

b)

b. Calcium

c)

c. Lactic Acid

d)

d. Potassium

77.

8. _____ The ability to sit upright and attentive in your seat during tedious English lectures is an example of your body using muscle tone.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

The ATP-PC system is utilised during what exercise intensity?

a)

Sub-maximal intensity (<85% MHR)

b)

High Intensity (85% MHR)

c)

High Intensity (95% MHR)

d)

At rest

79.

At what duration does the aerobic energy system become dominant?

a)

5 seconds

b)

15 seconds

c)

45 seconds

d)

75 seconds

80.

An elite 3000m runner would predominantly use which energy system during a race?

a)

ATP-PC Energy System

b)

Anaerobic Glycolysis Energy System

c)

Aerobic Energy System

81.

Which would be the dominant energy system in this physical activity?

a)

ATP-PC System

b)

Lactic Acid System

c)

Aerobic System

82.

The anaerobic glycolysis system

a)

operates without oxygen

b)

provides energy for about 10 seconds to 90 seconds

c)

is used for high intensity exercise

d)

all of the above

e)

none of the above

83.

The substance that accumulates in the muscle during anaerobic glycolysis is known as:

a)

phosphate creatine

b)

triglyceride

c)

lactic acid

d)

ATP

84.

Which of the following fuels can be used to produce energy?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Fats

d)

all of the above

e)

none of the above

85.

The energy system used for a particular activity will depend on the:

a)

intensity of the activity

b)

duration of the activity

c)

both of the above

d)

none of the above

86.

Our breathing rate increases and you start to breathe heavily, this happens because

a)

More blood gets circulated around the body

b)

We have started to perform a physical activity

c)

To break down Lactic Acid and replenish energy supplies.

d)

Our muscles need more oxygen so you breathe deeper and quicker so a supply of oxygen can get to the muscles.

87.

What is the function of carbohydrate?

a)

To keep the body warm

b)

To give energy to the body

c)

For growth and repair of the body

d)

To keep the eyes healthy

88.

Anaerobic exercises require ______ whereas aerobic exercises require ______.

a)

No energy, energy

b)

Energy, no energy

c)

Oxygen, no oxygen

d)

No oxygen, oxygen

89.

The ATP - PC System usually lasts for how long?

a)

0-10 seconds

b)

10 seconds - 2 minutes

c)

2 + minutes

d)

1 hour +

90.

What is the major byproduct of glycolysis?

a)

Electrons

b)

Pyruvate

c)

ADP

d)

ATP Synthase

91.

When oxygen isn't present, what is pyruvate's destiny?

a)

Acetyl-CoA

b)

ATP

c)

Lactate/Lactic Acid

d)

NADH

92.

What do NADH and FADH2 donate so that the ETC can operate?

a)

Hydrogen Ions

b)

Electrons

c)

CO2

d)

Glucose

93.

In order of duration, name each energy system

a)

ATP-CP, Aerobic energy system, Anaerobic glycolysis

b)

Aerobic energy system, Anaerobic glycolysis, ATP-CP

c)

Anaerobic glycolysis, ATP-CP, Aerobic energy system

d)

ATP-CP, Anaerobic glycolysis, Aerobic energy system

94.

Oxygen deficit is when:

a)

Occurs during the cool down phase of exercise

b)

The amount by which the oxygen fails to meet the body's demand

c)

You have trouble breathing

d)

oxygen supply =oxygen demand

95.

WHY does oxygen debt (also called EPOC) occur? (1 reason)

a)

to increase oxygen consumption

b)

to decrease blood flow

c)

to resynthesise ATP

d)

to increase body temp

96.

Identify A: Very brief delay between stimulus and contraction.

a)

muscle twitch

b)

latent period

c)

contraction period

d)

relaxation period

e)

threshold stimulus

97.

Identify B: Time when muscle generates external tension. The force generated can overcome the load and cause movement.

a)

muscle twitch

b)

latent period

c)

contraction period

d)

relaxation period

e)

threshold stimulus

98.

Identify C: Time when tension declines to baseline. SR reabsorbs Ca2+, myosin releases actin and tension decreases. Takes longer than contraction.

a)

muscle twitch

b)

latent period

c)

contraction period

d)

relaxation period

e)

threshold stimulus

99.

A muscle fiber remains unresponsive to stimulation unless the stimulus is of a certain strength, called the ____________ ______________.

a)

muscle twitch

b)

latent period

c)

contraction period

d)

relaxation period

e)

threshold stimulus

100.

The successive activation of the same and additional motor units with increasing strength of voluntary muscle contraction. It allows muscles to have slow, smooth sustained contractions so our movements are not jerky.

a)

motor unit recruitment

b)

wave summation

c)

stimulus frequency

d)

stimulus intensity

101.

__________ _____________ occurs when a given set of cells is repeatedly simulated without complete relaxation.

a)

motor unit recruitment

b)

wave summation

c)

stimulus frequency

d)

stimulus intensity

102.

Term that refers to how often stimulus is applied (or rate of delivery).

a)

motor unit recruitment

b)

wave summation

c)

stimulus frequency

d)

stimulus intensity

103.

The ______________ increases, more and more motor units are stimulated, and thus the strength of muscle contraction increases.

a)

motor unit recruitment

b)

wave summation

c)

stimulus frequency

d)

stimulus intensity

104.

This occurs when prolonged and strong stimulation of an exercising muscle reaches a stage when the muscle is no longer able to respond to the stimulation whith the same degree of contractile activity.

a)

fatigue

b)

isometric contraction

c)

absolute refractory period

d)

relative refractory period

e)

isotonic contraction

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