the labor that is available in the country

Oceania

that it helps to spread investment dollars evenly throughout the world

Both are examples of the self sufficiency model

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) decreases

Population growth (NIR) decreases

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) decreases

LDC's and DC's may push into the next stages of the DTM

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) decreases

Population growth (NIR) decreases

Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) decrease

Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR) decrease

As women are educated, they have more opportunities outside of having children that they don't want to give up to have kids so young

As women are educated, job opportunities and career opportunities increase and women don't want to give up to have kids so young

As women are educated, women marry later in life which delays having kids and results in overall less kids

As women are educated, they learn more and have more access to birth control and family planning leading to less pregnancies and less kids and less pregnancies also leads to less deaths of women in childbirth

As more girls go to secondary school, they have more freedom, choices, respect, opportunities and can have better social, legal, and socioeconomic status

As more girls go to secondary school, the overall wellness of the society is created by more gender equity because women have more social and political rights

As more girls go to secondary school, the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) increases as women assume more positions of political and economic power

As more girls go to secondary school, women challenge social norms by taking roles more traditionally held by men that can result in social and domestic disruption

the GEM increases because more women are taking jobs that are decision making in the economic system, management jobs in companies, and leadership roles in the political system

the GDI increases because more women are hired without sexism and discrimination and many women have greater financial independence through careers outside of the home leading to the greater contribution to the country's development

as women are included into more previously male-dominated workplaces and roles there can be a change in the traditional male and female and husband and wife role where the woman earns more money and makes more decisions while the man takes on more of the care of the children and the house

if there is resistance against the empowerment of women this can lead to higher rates of divorce, increased violence against women, and increased dowry deaths/honor killings, but if there is acceptance of the empowerment and equity of women this can lead to decreased violence against women and decreased dowry death/honor killings

Economic development rates such as the GDP, GNI, GNP, and PPP increase

Economic growth increases and the economy improves

Literacy rates and education improve leading to more women getting jobs resulting in increases in economic development

More women start their own businesses and more women enter the formal workforce

With greater education, there are more skilled and qualified workers as well as a more productive and literate workforce that can lead to economic growth and increases in the economic development rates

With greater education, women are employed less in agriculture and more in the industrial and service jobs that can lead to better paying jobs for women; more income to spend on family needs including the healthy and education of their children

As more women go to school they learn the technology and financial skills to run businesses and microindustries and microloans created for women mean women can open and own small businesses in developing countries

With greater education, women get jobs in the formal sector and pay taxes rather than the informal sector and not pay taxes that can result in more spending money that can lead to other businesses opening and more money for the government to spend on services such as infrastructure and education that can lead to greater economic growth

Universal or affordable health care provides access to health care for the mother and infant in the prenatal stage and 1st year of life through access to qualified health care workers and health care facilities

Good wealthy economy means higher standards of living through access to healthy foods, better sanitation systems, better water systems, and better housing and health systems

Post industrial higher wealth countries have the money to provide better care for infants such as giving parents paid leave from work to care for a newborn infant, services and food to families who are poor and would not otherwise have access to healthcare and food, and access to doctors and healthcare to ensure healthy pregnancies, births, and life after birth

Wealthier countries have good education systems that with better knowledge leads to improved lives as a result of less teen pregnancies, better information about how to care for a child and feed a child, and less children per woman leading to more focus per child

Quality education improves lives and increases access to health care services leading to lower IMR by providing knowledge of nutrition, family planning, prenatal and infant care, vaccinations, and how to prevent and treat diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria

Quality education creates more well-trained medical workers that can lead to lower IMR by providing support and medical care to mothers and new babies before, during, and after childbirth and as less children die, people will want to have less kids as parents realize that their children are living they will not have to have so many babies to replace those who previously would have died

Quality education increases skills and leads to paid employment and money reduces poverty and hunger through better infant care, housing and diet which lead to lower IMR as well as leading to women having fewer kids leading to lower IMR

Quality education improves standard of living meaning people can afford better health care and the society overall has better facilities, hygiene, and infrastructure leading to lower IMR as less babies die as well as more girls in school leads to women having less children and having better information to better take care of their kids leading to less babies dying or lower IMR

clean water and sanitation systems/infrastructure improves improves access to safe and affordable drinking water that can lead to less energy and time spent looking for and collecting water which means more girls being able to go to school leading to women having less kids therefore a lower IMR as well as being better prepared and educated to care for their children leading to lower IMR

clean water and sanitation systems/infrastructure creates better sanitation and hygiene reducing the likelihood of disease such as extreme diarrhea and infections for the mother and baby leading to better health of mothers and less babies dying so lower IMR

clean water and sanitation systems/infrastructure reduces water scarcity and increases water supplies lowering the chances of drought in some of the world's poorest countries leading to more food through farming yields for women and babies decreasing hunger and malnutrition and less babies dying so lower IMR

clean water and sanitation systems/infrastructure improves sustainable water management leading to increased application of technology such as irrigation systems that can increase agricultural productivity leading to the availability of more food to eat for women and infants leading to less babies dying so lower IMR

Increased funding and access to services for mothers and children result in better healthcare as the increased money leads to better quality medical care for pregnant women and their infants and increased development leads to access to vaccines leading overall to less babies dying so lower IMR.

Increased funding and access to services for mothers and children result in social and cultural changes such as improved health education, access to and usage of infant safety devices such as car seats, more girls going to school therefore having more knowledge of how to care for themselves while pregnant and their infants leads overall to less babies dying so lower IMR.

Increased funding and access to services for mothers and children result in improved environmental factors such as improved sanitation, clean water supplies, removal and ceased usage of toxic materials for heating and cooking, better infectious disease prevention such as malaria prevention or prevention of hygiene related illnesses, and reduced air pollution leads overall to less babies dying so lower IMR.

Increased funding and access to services for mothers and children result in improved diet and nutrition including improved infant and maternal nutrition, encouraged breastfeeding, increased access to prenatal vitamins, increased access and security of food, and better food storage and food safety leads to less babies dying so lower IMR.

As a country develops, there is increased equity and access for women because of increased employment opportunities leading to participation of women in the paid labor force and more access to all levels of education means higher earning potential resulting in more self sufficiency and an improved social status

As a country develops, there is increased equity and access for women because of societal changes such as greater gender equality, less gender favoritism of infants, increased social justice and human rights for women, greater pressure from external countries and cultures and improved social standing because of increased education leading to an improved social status

As a country develops, there is increased equity and access for women because of changes to healthcare such as increased access to healthcare for women, access to contraception and family planning leading to an changed social status resulting from greater education and job opportunities

As a country develops, there is increased equity and access for women because of increased political power and influence through participation due to universal voting rights and increased candidacy for women in political leadership roles as well as increased participation in the economy due to more girls in secondary school leading to an increased age for marriage and motherhood leading to improved social status

economic interdependence and globalization have led to the dependence of the core (MDC's) on lower-cost production from the periphery (LDC's) for cheap mass produced goods

improved transportation and communication systems have led to time-space compression as efficiencies and comparative advantage have led to the separation of the production processes to wherever in the world it is cheapest to manufacture which tends to be separate from the area of consumption

globalization focused on establishing a comparative advantage which is advantages to location anywhere in the world in whichever country that combines lower operating costs in labor, taxes, relaxed environmental laws and focused areas of specialization resulting in increased trade opportunities and greater profits for multinational corporations

outsourcing and off-shoring of specialized jobs or manufacturing to companies and international locations in order to achieve a comparative advantage and increase profits all made possible from formal free trade agreements such as NAFTA

increased unemployment as the manufacturing that was once done in the US is moved to a different country with cheaper labor, lower taxes, and relaxed environmental laws in order to increase profits and keep prices low

Deindustrialization in areas that once were manufacturing focused (such as Flint Michigan) and the resulting regional unemployment requires reeducation and retraining of the labor force into tertiary/service sector jobs

Deindustrialization in areas that once were manufacturing focused leads to a decrease in membership in and the power of labor unions

increased internal migration within the country as people move from areas of unemployment (Rust Belt) like Flint Michigan to area of employment (Sun Belt) like Orlando Florida

near the market because it is a bulk gaining industry of refining corn into a alternative fuel source called E90 and E93.

near the raw material of corn likely in the Midwestern part of the US because it is a bulk gaining industry of refining corn into a alternative fuel source called E90 and E93.

near the raw material of corn likely in the Midwestern part of the US because it is a bulk reducing industry of refining corn by extracting oils from the corn and then refining the oil into a alternative fuel source called E90 and E93.

near the raw material of corn likely in the Midwestern part of the US because it is a single market industry of refining corn into a alternative fuel source called E90 and E93.

Break of Bulk Points

Maquiladoras

Cottage Industries

Right to Work Factories

foreign owned factories located in Mexico

located in Mexico to take advantage of cheap labor

are set up near good transportation systems such as railroads and highways because the raw materials needed to produce the products are imported to the factories

are set up near good transportation systems such as railroads and highways because the assembled products are exported back to the US for consumption

in Mexico in close proximity to the US border

close to major cities and points of entry to the US

near extensive transportation networks such as railroad and highways for easy import and export between the US and Mexico

initially all had to be within 35 miles of the US border

the cheap labor in Mexico allows the multinational corporations who own the manufacturing to make greater profits because of the significant savings in labor costs

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) set up free trade zones allowing multinational companies from the US, Canada and other countries in the world to locate factories in Mexico to take advantage of cheap labor, lower taxes, and the relaxed environmental laws all without import or export tariffs (taxes)

Mexico has cheap labor, relaxed environmental laws, and lower taxes that allow MNC's to maximize their profits by lowering operating costs as well as Mexico has a stable government and economy

Mexico is a developing country with cheap labor, relaxed environmental laws, and lower taxes allowing the MNC's to increase profits that is the closest in proximity to the US which is the largest market in the world and there is extensive transportation systems such as railroads and highways in place allowing for the import of raw materials to Mexico tax free and the export of finished products to the US tax free

Near the Inputs/raw materials

An equal distance from the inputs and the market

Near the Market

No optimal location for this product

Near the Inputs

An equal distance from the inputs and the market

Near the Market

No optimal location for this product

Near the Inputs/raw materials

An equal distance from the inputs and the market

Near the Market

No optimal location for this product

New International Division of Labor

Outsourcing

Anti Union Laws

Right to Work

Outsourcing

Fordist Movement

Secondary Sector

Fair Trade

Maquiladoras

Break of Bulk Points

Break of Industry Points

Outsource Points

South America

Skilled labor and Markets especially in high skilled tech industries

Improvements in technology reduce the need for human-based labor as farming, fishing, mining and logging (primary sector activities) switch to machines as a country gains wealth and businesses can form and buy machines.

Shift to industrialization resulting in more machines in the primary sector and more people working in the secondary sector/manufacturing and tertiary sector as more people have more money and there is increased demand for manufactured goods and available services

Off-shoring and outsourcing results in reduced employment opportunities as LDC's are used for primary resources and multinational corporations take over the primary sector

More rural to urban migration as people move from the rural areas where they dis mostly primary sector/subsistence farming and move to cities for more opportunities in manufacturing or service jobs as a country increases its wealth and more and different jobs are available

increased jobs opportunities and wages leads to increased personal and national income that raises societal status and family income

changes in the role and status of women as more women enter the labor force and have paying jobs results in increased income for each household and increased standard of living and decreased population growth as women want to have less kids

increased use of child labor in the manufacturing industry that can mean that some children are discouraged from going for further educaiton

cultural change as there is more Western influence in management and production and a greater need and desire to learn English because it is the world's lingua franca

The area was the largest market

The area had the most raw materials

The area had the best transportation

The area had the best political system

Too many skilled workers

A stable political system

Limited demand for their products

Long distance from the global market and other countries

Train

Truck

Air

Boat

situation factors

high transportation cost

site factors especially labor

Access to investments

where the market and consumers are located

where the raw material are located

where the cheap land is

where the company's headquarters is

it save money on storing inventory

it makes delivery time to customers faster

factories can be smaller

there is more need for storage

cloth

yarn

tennis shoes

high end women's blouses

Fordist was workers performed 1 task and Post Fordist was more flexible with workers learning multiple tasks

Post Fordist was workers performed 1 task and Fordist was more flexible with workers learning multiple tasks

Fordist was more successful than the Post Fordist

Most companies still use the Fordist