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Genetics Unit

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What makes up the SIDES of a DNA ladder?

a)

nitrogen bases

b)

sugars & phosphates

c)

genes & chromosomes

d)

RNA

2.

What makes up the rungs (steps) of a DNA ladder?

a)

sugars & phosphates

b)

nitrogen bases

c)

sugars

d)

genes & chromosomes

3.

What SHAPE is DNA?

a)

single strand

b)

straight ladder

c)

double helix (twisted ladder)

d)

DNA has no shape

4.

In DNA. what base always pairs with A?

a)

A

b)

T

c)

C

d)

G

5.

In DNA, what base always pairs with C?

a)

C

b)

T

c)

A

d)

G

6.

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the following order of bases, what will be the correct order of bases on the complementary (matching) strand?

AATTGGCC

a)

AATTGGCC

b)

TTAACCGG

c)

GGCCAATT

d)

GACTGACT

7.

What is DNA made up of?

a)

nucleotides

b)

cytoplasm

c)

RNA

d)

cells

8.

Which is NOT one of the three parts of a nucleotide?

a)

sugar

b)

base

c)

ribosome

d)

phosphate

9.

In what cell part is the DNA located?

a)

ribosome

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

nucleus

10.

What is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein called?

a)

RNA

b)

replication

c)

gene

d)

protein

11.

What is it called when DNA makes a copy of itself?

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Mitosis

d)

Gene therapy

12.

TRUE or FALSE? During DNA replication, the two new copies of DNA formed are IDENTICAL

a)

True

b)

False

13.

DNA sends a messenger with a copy of the code out of the nucleus to make proteins. What is that messenger?

a)

mRNA

b)

Uracil

c)

DNA

d)

phosphate

14.

During protein synthesis, DNA sends mRNA out of the nucleus to make what?

a)

identical DNA molecules

b)

genes

c)

proteins

d)

fats

15.

How is RNA different than DNA?

a)

It is 2 stranded

b)

It has the sugar deoxyribose

c)

It has the base U instead of T

d)

It is not different- RNA is identical to DNA

16.

What are proteins made of?

a)

Amino acids

b)

chloroplasts

c)

guanine

d)

carbohydrates

17.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

b)

Diribose nutride acidosis

c)

Dinitro acid

d)

Deoxynitrogenic acid

18.

Fill in the matching bases that would appear on the top strand of the DNA molecule pictured, in order.


A G T C A T G A

a)

A G T C A T G A

b)

T T T A A A C C

c)

T C A G T A C T

d)

C A T G A G A T

19.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
20.
Cytosine always pairs with
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
21.

Which of the following is a base pair?

a)

Adenine - Cytosine

b)

Cytosine - Thymine

c)

Deoxyribose - Cytosine

d)

Cytosine - Guanine

22.
What is the significance of the sequence (order) of the Nitrogen Bases in DNA?
a)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the number of chromosomes present in an organism.
b)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the traits that an organism will possess (have).
c)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the gender of an organism.
d)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines whether an organism is abiotic biotic.
23.

What is number 2 called?

a)

centromere

b)

chromosome

c)

chromatid

d)

homologous chromosomes

24.

What is number 4 called?

a)

chromosome

b)

sister chromatids

c)

centromere

d)

homologous chromosomes

25.

An organism's reproductive cells, sperm and egg cells, are called _____.

a)

bacteria

b)

prokaryotes

c)

gametes

d)

pathogens

26.

The 2 exact copies of DNA in a chromosome are called ________.

a)

chromatids

b)

genes

c)

mutations

d)

pathogens

27.

How many chromosomes does a human body cell have, total?

a)

48

b)

46

c)

23

d)

47

28.

Chromosomes that are organized in pairs, are the same size, and have the same genes are called _______ chromosomes.

a)

homeostasis

b)

homologous

c)

matching

d)

sister

29.

Body cells that contain both sets of chromosomes (from both parents) are called _________.

a)

diploid

b)

haploid

c)

triploid

d)

polyploid

30.

The 23rd pair of chromosomes that contain the genes to determine the sex of an individual are called ___________.

a)

sex chromosomes

b)

autosomes

c)

homologous

d)

genes

31.

The 2 female sex chromosomes are ___.

a)

XY

b)

XX

32.

The 2 male sex chromsomes are _____.

a)

XY

b)

XX

33.

A photograph of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that are arranged by size is called a _________.

a)

mutation

b)

gene

c)

picture

d)

karyotype

34.

Down Syndrome is also known as _________.

a)

Trisomy 18

b)

Trisomy 21

c)

Monosomy X

d)

Trisomy 13

35.

How many chromosomes do we get from each parent?

a)

12

b)

23

c)

46

d)

78

36.

Chromosomes are only visible when a cell divides.

a)

True

b)

False

37.

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

38.

Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found?

a)

because DNA can't leave

b)

because ribosomes are in the nucleus

c)

because DNA polymerase is found there

d)

because helicase unzips the DNA

39.

Which of the following is a codon?

a)
b)

ATG

c)

AUG

d)

AUT

40.

How many codons equals 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

41.

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

42.

On which molecule can an anticodon be found?

a)

mRNA

b)

DNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

43.

A polypeptide is a sequence of ____________________ held together by a ______________ bond.

a)

amino acids; peptide

b)

fatty acids; ionic

c)

proteins; hydrogen

d)

fatty acids; covalent

44.

How do you know when to begin translating a strand of mRNA?

a)

look for AUG

b)

start at the beginning

c)

look for ATG

d)

when the teacher says so!!!

45.

TRANSLATE this RNA sequence: AUGCAAUGA

a)

Met-Glu-Stop

b)

Met-His-Stop

c)

Thr-Glu-Stop

d)

Thr-Pro-Stop

46.

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.)

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleotides

c)

fatty acids

d)

polysaccharides

47.
One human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. The disease is a result of 
a)
a mutation
b)
crossing-over
c)
a meiosis error
d)
polyploidy
48.

Which of the following sequences best describes the flow of information that takes place when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

a)

RNA-DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

b)

DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

c)

PROTEIN-RNA-DNA

d)

DNA-AMINO ACID-RNA-PROTEIN

49.

Translation consists of which of the following?

a)

conversion of genetic info from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

b)

conversion of genetic info from DNA to RNA

c)

addition of nucleotides to a DNA template

d)

DNA replication

50.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
51.

DNA holds the code for making

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

proteins

d)

sugars

52.

Choose the sequence of the mRNA strand that would be match up with to the following strand:

GTAGTCA

a)

UATUAGA

b)

ACGACTG

c)

CAUCAGU

d)

CATCAGT

53.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
54.
What part of protein synthesis does this diagram represent?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA
55.
which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
56.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
57.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria in cytoplasm

c)

ribosome in cytoplasm

d)

chloroplast in cytoplasm

58.

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

a)

The two different cells become mutated

b)

The proteins expressed in each cell are different

c)

They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

d)

The genome of the different cells changes

59.
The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.
a)
cell multiplication
b)
cell division
c)
mitosis
d)
cell differentiation
60.
Activation or deactivation of genes by environmental experiences throughout development
a)
turn on genes
b)
gene expression
c)
environmental factors
d)
gene markers
61.

The study of the inherited changes in gene expression that occur without a change in gene sequence and influence how an organism's genes express themselves. Mechanisms are influenced by food and environment. They play an important role in the fetal basis of adult disease susceptibility.

a)

bionomics

b)

genomics

c)

genetics

d)

epigenetics

62.
Identify the phase:
a)
Metaphase I
b)
Metaphase II
c)
Anaphase I
d)
Anaphase II
63.
Identify the phase.
a)
Metaphase I
b)
Metaphase II
c)
Anaphase I
d)
Anaphase II
64.
Identify the process.
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis I
c)
Meiosis II
d)
Interphase
65.
After meiosis II the daughter cells will contain ____ chromosomes if the original cell contained 78.
a)
78
b)
39
c)
23
d)
46
66.
Which of the following cells is a gamete?
a)
egg
b)
bone
c)
heart
d)
muscle
67.
The fertilized egg is termed a/an _____.
a)
gamete
b)
allele
c)
homolog
d)
zygote
68.
In mitosis cells are genetically _______, but in meiosis cells are genetically ______.
a)
diverse, identical
b)
identical, diverse/different
69.

Is the following cell diploid or haploid?

a)

Diploid

b)

Haploid

70.
When does replication of chromosomes occur in animal cell meiosis?
a)
Before Meiosis I and Meiosis II
b)
Before Meiosis II Only
c)
Before Meiosis I Only
d)
During Prophase I and Prophase II
71.
Identify the phase.
a)
Telophase I
b)
Telophase II
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Metaphase II
72.
Meiosis is the _____.
a)
 nuclear division of gametes
b)
nuclear division of body cells
c)
division of body cells
d)
division of sex cells
73.

1n indicates that the cell is ____.

a)

Diploid

b)

Haploid

74.

This type of asexual reproduction has the offspring growing off of the parent.

a)

Budding

b)

Regeneration

c)

Runner

d)

Binary Fission

75.

Is this a normal human karyotype?

a)

YES

b)

NO

76.

Is this karyotype for a male or female?

a)

MALE

b)

FEMALE

77.

Mitosis makes sure that all daughter cells are _____.

a)

genetically identical, diploid

b)

genetically identical, haploid

c)

genetically diverse, diploid

d)

genetically diverse, haploid

78.

Homo means

a)

Same

b)

different

c)

equal

d)

slightly different

79.

Kary means

a)

mitochondria

b)

nucleus

c)

to move something

d)

chromosomes

80.

di-

a)

one

b)

two

c)

chromosomes

d)

meiosis

81.

Hap- means

a)

half

b)

single

c)

Hapsburg Empire

d)

happy

82.

Tetra- means

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

83.

soma- means

a)

some

b)

chromosome

c)

marriage

d)

body

84.

Gametes are

a)

sperm and egg

b)

sperm and ovaries

c)

body cells

d)

blood cells

85.

Somatic cells are

a)

sperm and egg

b)

body cells

c)

nonexistent

d)

undergo meiosis

86.

Somatic cells are

a)

diploid

b)

haploid

87.

Gametes undergo

a)

meiosis

b)

mitosis

88.
What is the differences between meiosis II and mitosis?
a)
forms 4 daughter cells  instead of 2 
b)
goes through 2 cycles
c)
the cells are not identical to each other
d)
All the above
89.
When does crossing over occurs? 
a)
Anaphase II
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Telophase II
90.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
a)
to grow, replace, and repair cells
b)
to create sex cells
c)
to create 2 different cells
d)
to create haploids
91.
What is the advantages of reproducing sexually instead of asexually?
a)
easy to find a partner
b)
to create identical cells
c)
to create genetic diversity
d)
there are no advantages
92.
How many homologous chromosomes does a human have? 
a)
23 pairs
b)
46 pairs
c)
92 pairs
d)
12 pairs
93.
In meiosis what is crossing over? 
a)
the exchange of genetic material of homologous chromosomes
b)
homologous chromosome separate
c)
homologous chromosome stay identical to each other
d)
homologous chromosome walk across each other
94.
The stages of mitosis in order
a)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase
b)
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
c)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d)
Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
95.
What is the next phase of mitosis?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
96.

Results with same # of chromosomes as parent cell

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both MItosis and Meiosis

97.

Crossing over occurs

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both MItosis and Meiosis

98.

Daughter cells are identical to parent cell

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis Both

c)

MItosis and Meiosis

99.

Results in haploid cells (n)

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both MItosis and Meiosis

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