if an immobilized patient is going to develop hypercalcemia it's usually (a)   weeks after they've been immobilized

damage to soft tissue, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle. This occurs when blood escapes into the tissue and causes ecchymosis

(a)  

when the force of stress on a ligament is sufficient to displace the normal position of the bone ends or bone ends to the socket

(a)  

most vulnerable joint for dislocation

(a)  

the dislocation that occurs frequently in pediatric patients

(a)  

trauma to a joint from a ligament partially or completely torn or stretched by the force

(a)  

stretching or tearing of the muscle or tendon

(a)  

(a)   happen overtime and are painful

(a)   have a rapid onset with disability

occurs when the resistance between a bone and an applied stress yields to the stress, resulting in a disruption to the integrity of the bone

(a)  

2 most common fractures

(a)  

fractures heal much faster in pediatric patients becasue (a)   is faster due to a thicker periosteum and good blood supply

the bone is bend no more than 45 degrees without breakage

(a)  

compression of the bone resulting in a bulge or raised area at the fracture site

(a)  

the break is diagonal across the bone

(a)  

small fractures/cracks in the bone due to repeated muscle contractions

(a)  

typically made of either plaster of Paris or synthetic lighter material (ex. ortho glass)

(a)  

Can't be used in patients over (a)   lbs

uses a continuous pulling force that is applied directly to a skeletal structure or specific bone

(a)  

something that should always be available when caring for patients with halo

(a)  

nurses should never remove____ or ____

(a)  

a complex deformity of the ankle and foot; can affect one or both feet, occur as an isolated defect, or in association with other disorders

(a)  

consist of a variety of disorders resulting in abnormal development of the hip structures

(a)  

2 diagnostic tests used for developmental dysplasia of the hip

(a)  

in older children what test is used to diagnose developmental dysplasia of the hip

(a)  

infant presents with a shortened limb on the affected side, limited hip abduction. You notice uneven gluteal folds when the infant is prone. What would you suspect?

(a)  

Treatment for DDH for newborns-6 months

(a)  

treatment for DDH 6 months-2 years

(a)  

treatment of DDH for older children

(a)  

aseptic necrosis of the femoral head either unilateral or bilateral

(a)  

x-ray of the hip and pelvis and MRI are diagnostic procedure for

(a)  

an inherited connective tissue condition that results in bone fractures and deformity along with restricted growth

(a)  

diagnostic for osteogenesis imperfecta

(a)  

multiple bone fractures, blue sclera, early hearing loss, and small discolored teeth are s/s of

(a)  

treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta that is given IV over at least 2 hours and up to 24 hours.

(a)  

type of DDH where there's a delay in acetabular development (acetabular roof is shallow and oblique)

(a)  

incomplete dislocation of the hip is what type of DDH

(a)  

type of DDH where the femoral head does not have contact with the acetabulum

(a)  

a complex deformity of the spine that also affects the ribs

(a)  

The 2 most common types of scoliosis

(a)  

bracing is used with a curve of (a)   degrees

post-op infection, spine or nerve damage, small bowel obstruction, and breathing difficulties are complications associated with

(a)  

non-progressive impairment of motor function, especially that of muscle control, coordination, and posture

(a)  

medication for CP that is a skeletal muscle relaxant. decreases muscle spasms and severe spasticity. Given orally or by a surgically implanted pump.

(a)  

a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting joints and other tissues

(a)  

a cytotoxic disease modifying antirheumatic drug that slows joint degeneration and progression of rheumatic arthritis when NSAIDs do not work alone

(a)  

a corticosteroid that provides relief of inflammation and pain. They are reserved for life-threatening complications, severe arthritis, pericarditis, and uveitis

(a)  

complications of JIA

(a)  

a group of inherited disorders with progressive degeneration of symmetric skeletal muscle groups, causing progressive muscle weakness and wasting that leads to disability and deformity

(a)  

risk factors of muscular dystrophy

(a)  

normal pediatric urine output

(a)  

polyuria is how many mL/kg/hr

(a)  

normal BUN

(a)  

normal creatnine

(a)  

normal pH of urine

(a)  

uncontrolled or unintentional urination past the age of bladder control

(a)  

a child has never been free of bed-wetting for an extended period of time

(a)  

a child who started bed-wetting after the development of urinary control

(a)  

placing an alarm sensor on the bed that goes off when the child voids to awaken the child to get up and use the bathroom

(a)  

treatment for enuresis where they have the child consumes a large amount of water to stretch the bladder

(a)  

most commonly used medication for enuresis

(a)  

inflammation of the bladder

(a)  

inflammation of the urethra

(a)  

inflammation of the upper urinary tract and kidneys

(a)  

ventral curvature of the penis

(a)  

surgical release of the fibrous band is a treatment for

(a)  

narrowing of the preputial opening of the foreskin. inability to retract the foreskin of the penis. usually resolves as the child gets older.

(a)  

the urethral opening is located just below the glans penis, behind the glans penis, or on the ventral (underside) surface of the penile shaft. The meatus opening is below the glans penis, along the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum

(a)  

fluid in the scrotum, enlarged scrotal sac

(a)  

occurs when an opening is present in the abdominal wall through which a sac protrudes and part of the abdominal content, such as intestines, can be pushed through this opening

(a)  

a twisting of the testicles. when the testicle rotates it twist the cord supplying blood to the scrotum. This may occur after vigorous activity, a minor injury to the testicle, or sleep.

(a)  

the swelling of one or both kidneys, this occurs when the urine cannot be drained from the kidneys and instead builds up in the kidneys

(a)  

there are 4 grades to this (grade 4 is the worst); s/s include pain in the flank, pain with urination, fever, n/v. Treatment includes resolving the underlying problem or nephrostomy tube

(a)  

abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back up the ureters and into the kidneys

(a)  

children are BORN with a defect in the valve that prevents backflow to the kidneys; Most common type of VUR

(a)  

abnormal high pressure sends urine back to kidneys (i.e., neurogenic bladder)

(a)  

alteration in the glomerular membrane allow protein to pass into the urine

(a)  

minimal, secondary, and congenital are all types of

(a)  

frothy urine, facial and periorbital edema, normal BP, and weight gain are s/s of

(a)