WorksheetsAP Stats Experimental Design
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins
Elise, a supermarket employee, approached 50 random customers and asked whether they would be willing to discuss what they like most about the store. She interviewed the 22 who said yes. Is this sample of the supermarket's customers likely to be biased?
yes
no
She selects the five closest to her desk.
She picks the student in every 5th seat.
She selects the first five who raise their hands.
This is a form of:
What sampling method are you using if you survey every 5th person who enters the room.
Convenience
Systematic
Simple Random
What sampling method are you using if you survey the students in the school whose names are picked out of a hat?
Convenience
Systematic
Simple Random
Surveying the students in one home room is an example of which type of sampling method?
Convenience
Systematic
Simple Random
Surveying the students at the next band practice is an example of which type of sampling method?
Convenience
Systematic
Simple Random
What sampling method are you using if you survey every 10th person who enters the cafeteria?
Convenience
Systematic
Simple Random
You assign the students in your class a number and choose 6 numbers from a basket. What sampling method are you using?
Convenience
Systematic
Simple Random
What sampling method are you using if you survey every 12th customer that enters the amusement park.
Convenience
Systematic
Simple Random
You survey every person in the food court at the mall. Which type of sampling method are you using?
Convenience
Systematic
Simple Random
Karla is doing a study to see what the town thinks of the new grocery store. She chooses a convenience sample. She
asks 13 people from the town who go to the new grocery store. Is there bias in her sample?
Yes
No
You are investigating the number of dogs in each household in a town. Which of the following descriptions describes a sample. Select all that apply.
the number of dogs in every other household on a street in the town
the number of dogs in one household in the town
the number of dogs in every household in town
the number of dogs in every household in a neighborhood in the town
The Women's Health Study randomly assigned nearly 40,000 women over the age of 45 to receive either aspirin or a placebo for over 10 years to examine the effect of aspirin on cancer risk to healthy women. This long-term trial was best conducted as:
a census.
an observational study.
a randomized comparative experiment.
a single-blind randomized comparative experiment.
a double-blind randomized comparative experiment.
In the previous problem, supposed that the researchers suspected that women over the age of 55 may respond differently to the treatment. Given that a random sample of 40,000 women over the age of 45 has already been chosen, the study would have been improved by:
a stratified sample, with strata determined by age.
a stratified sample, with strata determined by gender.
a block design, with blocks determined by age.
a block design, with blocks determined by gender.
a double-blind completely randomized design.
Researchers were interested to know whether internal vehicle temperatures vary by outside temperatures. To evaluate this, temperature rise was measured continuously over a 60-minute period in a dark SUV on 16 different clear, sunny days with outside temperatures ranging from 72oF to 96oF. The researchers' method of analysis is best described as:
a census.
a survey.
an observational study.
a randomized comparative experiment.
a single-blind randomized comparative experiment.
Respondents to a randomly distributed questionnaire answered the question, "do you agree that nuclear weapons should never be used because they are immoral?" The study that uses the results of this questionnaire will most likely suffer from which types(s) of bias?
undercoverage
voluntary response
response
nonresponse
all of the above
A statistics teacher decides to compare this year's students to all those she has taught over the history of the course. She will use the students' examination performances as the method of comparison. Which of the following is true in this context?
The mean performance of this year's students is a parameter.
The mean performance of this year's students is a statistic.
The mean of all except this year's students is a parameter.
The mean of all students is a statistic.
None of these is true.
Left-handedness is the preference for the left hand over the right for everyday activities such as writing. Studies indicate that about 93% of the population may be characterized as right-handed. Researchers would like to conduct a study to determine if left-handed teens differ significantly in their ability to memorize facts than right-handed teens.
The explanatory variable in this study is:
ability to memorize facts.
age.
handedness.
researchers.
none of the above.
Left-handedness is the preference for the left hand over the right for everyday activities such as writing. Studies indicate that about 93% of the population may be characterized as right-handed. Researchers would like to conduct a study to determine if left-handed teens differ significantly in their ability to memorize facts than right-handed teens.
A random-number table is used to simulate the number of teens selected before a left-handed teen is found. A proper assignment of digits is:
let the digits 0-6 represent a left-handed teen and 7-99 represent a right-handed teen; ignore repeats of numbers 7-99 until you get a number from 0-6.
let the digits 0-6 represent a left-handed teen and 7-99 represent a right-handed teen; count repeats of number 7-99 and continue until you get a number from 0-6.
let the digits 00-06 represent a left-handed teen and 07-99 represent a right-handed teen; ignore repeats of numbers 07-99 until you get a number from 00-06.
let the digits 00-06 represent a left-handed teen and 07-99 represent a right-handed teen; count repeats of numbers 07-99 and continue until you get a number from 00-06.
let the digits 01-07 represent a left-handed teen and 08-100 represent a right-handed teen; count repeats of numbers 08-100 and continue until you get a number from 01-07.
Left-handedness is the preference for the left hand over the right for everyday activities such as writing. Studies indicate that about 93% of the population may be characterized as right-handed. Researchers would like to conduct a study to determine if left-handed teens differ significantly in their ability to memorize facts than right-handed teens.
Suppose the researchers concluded that the average number of words memorized by left-handed teens was statistically significantly higher than the average number memorized by right-handed teens. In this context, statistically significant means that:
the number of words memorized by left-handed students exceeded the number memorized by right-handed students.
the average number of words memorized by left-handed students exceeded the average number memorized by right-handed students.
right-handed students tend to not do as well as left-handed students in memorizing words.
it would be unlikely to observe an average difference as large as was observed by chance variation.
a randomized, controlled experiment was conducted.
Pollsters are interested in conducting a survey to determine if students who belonged to an online social network during college continued with it after graduation. They plan to randomly select 50 people from a list of registered voters. A problem with the proposed plan is that the:
sampling frame may be different from the population of interest.
sample size is too small.
sample is a systematic random sample.
sample was not stratified by political party.
sampling design should incorporate multistage sampling.
The purpose of randomization in an experiment is to:
make the experiment seem fair.
make the treatment groups as similar as possible.
make the treatment groups as different as possible.
create the blocks in an experiment.
reduce variability within treatment groups.
Identify the sampling method:
Every fifth person boarding a plane is searched thoroughly.
SRS
Stratified
Cluster
Systematic
Voluntary Response
Identify the sampling method:
At a local community College, five math classes are randomly selected out of 20 and all of the students from each class are interviewed.
SRS
Stratified
Cluster
Systematic
Convenience
Identify the sampling method:
A researcher randomly selects and interviews fifty male and fifty female teachers.
SRS
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
Convenience
Identify the sampling method:
A researcher for an airline interviews all of the passengers on five randomly selected flights.
SRS
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
Convenience
Identify the sampling method:
Based on 12,500 responses from 42,000 surveys sent to its alumni, a major university estimated that the annual salary of its alumni was 92,500.
SRS
Cluster
Stratified
Convenience
Voluntary Response
Identify the sampling method:
A community college student interviews the first 100 students to enter the building to determine the percentage of students that own a car.
SRS
Stratified
Cluster
Convenience
Voluntary Response
Identify the sampling method:
The names of 70 contestants are written on 70 cards, The cards are placed in a bag, and three names are picked from the bag.
SRS
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
Convenience
A company wants to know the opinion of a rural community on a proposed ballot initiative. Half of the community does not have internet access, so the company sends emails to the 380 members that do have internet access. Of those surveyed, 372 of the community members responded to the survey. Which of the following is the most significant source of bias in the survey?
Voluntary Response Bias
Undercoverage
Nonresponse Bias
Response Bias
A radio station is discussing a controversial policy enacted by the local police department. They poll listeners by having them call in to the radio station. Which of the following is the most significant source of bias?
Leading questions on the survey
Voluntary Response Bias
Survivorship Bias
Undercoverage
Which of the following would theoretically determine the exact value of a parameter?
A simple random sample
A cluster sample
A census
A stratified random sample
To randomly select 25 basketball players from the 300 players in the NBA, I would:
Number the players from 01-25, read 3 digits at a time from a random table, discarding repeats and numbers over 25, and then stop when I reach 25.
Number the players from 0-299, read 2 digits at a time from a random table, discarding repeats and numbers over 299, and stop when I reach 25.
Number the players from 01-299, read 2 digits at a time from a random table, discarding repeats and numbers over 300, and stop when I reach 25.
Number the players from 001-300, read 3 digits at a time from a random table, discarding repeats, 000 and numbers over 300, and stop when I reach 25.
If you have 1,000 schools on the list, number them from 000 to 999 and read the table three digits at a time. What are the first five schools in this sample?
24, 19, 83, 72, 41
241, 983, 724, 152, 579
2419, 8372, 4152, 5761, 0849
Identify the Population:
Gwinnett County Public Schools randomly selected 230 teachers to find out which technology resource is the most effective. 30 teachers chose Safari Montage, 45 selected Learn Zillion, 100 chose Ed Puzzle, and 55 chose Kahoot. GCPS concluded that all teachers prefer Ed Puzzle.
230 Teachers
100 Teachers
55 Teachers
All Teachers
Identify the Sample:
A restaurant wants to know if customers buy dessert when they eat out. As people leave the restaurant one evening, 20 people are surveyed at random. Eight people say they usually order dessert when they eat out. The restaurant concluded that most customers do not order dessert.
20 customers
8 customers
All customers
Dessert
a controlled study in which the researcher attempts to understand cause-and-effect relationships by assigning subjects to groups and deciding which treatments each group receives
survey
observational study
experiment
You want to see if students who have a 4.0 grade point average study more than those who do not.
survey
observational study
experiment
Which of the following is a key distinction between well designed experiments and observational studies?
More subjects are available for experiments than for observational studies.
Ethical constraints prevent large-scale observational studies.
Experiments are less costly to conduct than observational studies.
An experiment can show a direct cause-and-effect relationship, whereas an observational study cannot.
Tests of significance cannot be used on data collected from an observational study.
A local TV station is interested in how citizens in a small town feel about the increased sales tax proposed by the city council. The question "Are you in favor of the proposed sales tax increase that will be used to improve the sidewalks and streets in downtown?" was shown on the screen during the evening news broadcast and viewers were instructed to text their answer to the number given on the screen. This survey method could produce biased results for all of the following reasons except:
The wording of the question is biased.
A person could answer the survey multiple times.
It uses a stratified sample rather than a simple random sample.
the survey excludes voters who do not watch the evening news cast.
People who feel strongly about the issue are more likely to respond.
Joe Mama wants to do an observational study comparing height and weight. He also does a study comparing weight and calories consumed daily. He concludes that the more calories you consume, the more you weigh. And people who weigh more are generally taller. Therefore, if you eat more, you will get taller. Why is this incorrect?
Causation from one observational study cannot be extrapolated and applied to another
Correlation does not indicate causation
He is ignoring the lurking variable of age
He did not have a control group
In a certain school, students can choose whether to eat in the school’s cafeteria. A reporter working for the school’s newspaper polled students on their reactions to changes in the menu at the cafeteria. For each student leaving the cafeteria in one 20-minute time period, the reporter used a die to determine whether to stop the student and ask how he or she felt about the new menu. In the reporter’s article it was stated that a random sample of the students showed that 23% of the school’s student population was happy with the new menu. Which of the following statements is true?
Because each student leaving the cafeteria was randomly selected and could choose to answer or not, this is a random sample of the student population, and the 23% is an accurate measurement of the school population’s view of the new menu.
Because students self-selected whether to eat in the cafeteria, the sampling method might be biased and the sample might not be representative of all students in the school.
The survey would have been more effective if the reporter had collected the data in one 10-minute time period rather than in one 20-minute time period.
The survey would have been more effective if students who cared about the food could have called the reporter to tell how they felt about the new menu, so that only students with opinions on the subject would have been surveyed.
Because no treatment was imposed on the students eating in the cafeteria, one cannot make any conclusions about the new menu.
To check the effect of hot temperatures on the elasticity of two brands of rubber bands, one box of Brand A and one box of Brand B rubber bands are tested. Ten bands from the Brand A box are placed in a warm car in the sun for two hours and ten bands from the Brand B box are kept at room temperature. The amount of stretch before the breakage is measured on each rubber band, and the mean for the hot bands is compared to the mean for the others. Is this a good experimental design?
No, because the means are not proper statistics for comparison.
No, because more than two brands should be used.
No, because more temperatures should be used.
No, because temperature is confounded with brand.
Yes
The segmented bar charts below depict the data from the NAAL (National Assessment of Adult Literacy) conducted in 2003. Based on the graph, which statement must be true.
The prose literacy level with the greatest percentage of people who volunteered once per week or more was below basic.
For people with proficient prose literacy level, the number who volunteered once per week or more was greater than the number who volunteered less than once per week.
Intermediate and proficient prose level had the same number of students who volunteered less than once per week.
Of all the students that never volunteered, the greatest number were in the below basic level of prose literacy.
For students who had basic prose literacy level, the number who volunteered less than once per week was greater than those who never volunteered.
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ASSUME THE GIVEN DISTRIBUTION IS NORMAL.
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ASSUME THE GIVEN DISTRIBUTION IS NORMAL.
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