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APWMH Unit 5 (1750-1900)

Total questions: 205

Worksheet time: 3hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

All of the following factors contributed to significant growth in worldwide population from 1750 through 1900 EXCEPT

a)

decline of epidemic disease

b)

introduction of Western Hemisphere food crops to new areas

c)

expansion of land under cultivation

d)

new grain crops developed in the Green Revolution

2.

All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the Americas EXCEPT

a)

African forms of religious observance

b)

African musical forms

c)

knowledge of how to grow African crops

d)

African folklore

e)

African monetary systems

3.

The trade patterns shown on the map above depict

a)

British imports of raw cotton and exports of finished cotton in the 1850s

b)

major slave trading routes in the nineteenth century

c)

alternate trade routes that developed as a result of the disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars

d)

routes that developed in response to the building of railroads in North America

e)

illicit drug routes that developed in the second half of the twentieth century

4.

Before 1870, the European presence in Africa was characterized primarily by

a)

military conquests of large territories administered as military states

b)

intense colonization and settlement of large areas

c)

active international interaction through trade and diplomacy

d)

coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements

e)

frequent coastal raids along with racial segregation imposed on conquered peoples

5.

Between 1450 and 1750, which of the following were produced on large plantations by slave labor for the world market?

a)

Wheat and barley

b)

Corn and beans

c)

Bananas and oranges

d)

Sugar and tobacco

6.

Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean because

a)

large profits could be made from products like sugar, coffee, and pepper

b)

the major European states were competing with each other for imperial hegemony

c)

these colonies had strategic military importance

d)

these areas had small populations and were thus easy to control

e)

many Europeans were interested in getting away from Europe’s wintry climate

7.

Between 1750 and 1900, which of the following industrializing states created an empire?

a)

Japan

b)

China

c)

Brazil

d)

Argentina

8.

Darwin’s theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that

a)

select human groups would dominate those less fit

b)

European countries were more nationalistic

c)

non-White groups were better adapted to tropical climates

d)

imperialism went against the theory of natural selection

e)

education would lead to equality

9.

In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by

a)

widespread trade in opium

b)

the encouragement of slavery

c)

extensive conquest of territory

d)

small military enclaves along coastlines

e)

competition among imperialist powers

10.

In the period 1450—1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?

a)

Grains such as wheat and barley

b)

Tropical fruits such as bananas and oranges

c)

Animal products such as wool and beef

d)

Cash crops such as sugar and tobacco

11.

In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes?

a)

The adoption of indigenous food crops by African migrants

b)

Portuguese loss of colonial holdings in the Indian Ocean

c)

The rapid natural increase of Brazil’s early slave population

d)

The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar

12.

In the three centuries after Columbus’ voyages, most of the people who came to the Western Hemisphere originated in which of the following regions?

a)

Southern Europe

b)

Northern Europe

c)

Western Africa

d)

Eastern Africa

e)

East Asia

13.

Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was

a)

the Industrial Revolution

b)

European medical technology

c)

Spanish control of New World silver

d)

Portuguese naval and firearms technology

e)

the Enlightenment

14.

The “second Industrial Revolution” in the last half of the nineteenth century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products?

a)

Textiles, iron, and coal

b)

Textiles, automobiles, and plastics

c)

Airplanes, ships, and radios

d)

Electricity, automobiles, and airplanes

e)

Electricity, steel, and chemicals

15.

The Columbian Exchange involved which of the following new connections in the era 1450–1750?

a)

European food to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe

b)

Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe; European population to the Western Hemisphere

c)

European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere population to Africa; African food to the Western Hemisphere

d)

African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

16.

The economies of the southern colonies of colonial British America developed most like colonial economies in

a)

Canada

b)

the Dutch East Indies

c)

the Caribbean and Brazil

d)

Ireland and Scotland

e)

Massachusetts and New York

17.

The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?

a)

Limitation of civil rights to a minority of the population

b)

Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands

c)

Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control

d)

The desire of a majority of revolutionary leaders to create a politically united hemisphere

e)

Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states

18.

The policies of the Meiji reformers brought about which of the following in Japan?

a)

An improvement in the economic condition of the peasants

b)

The collapse of the industrial sector of the economy

c)

An increase in isolationism among government leaders

d)

A reduction in military expenditures

e)

The promotion of rapid industrialization

19.

The success of European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by the

a)

Asian demand for luxury goods

b)

European use of steam power

c)

high demand for European agricultural produce in China and India

d)

lower prices of European manufactured products

e)

opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico

20.

The United States Bill of Rights and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for

a)

physical elimination of the ruling class

b)

confiscation of church property

c)

protection of private property

d)

preservation of the monarchy

e)

establishment of a parliamentary system

21.

Which of the following best characterizes Western imperialist expansion in the late nineteenth century?

a)

Western fears of the spread of Japanese influence

b)

Western investment to create self-sufficient economies in the new colonies

c)

An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time

d)

The establishment of political institutions to resolve ethnic and religious conflicts within colonies

e)

The decline of British and United States influence in international affairs

22.

Which of the following best describes the impact on African society of the trade depicted on the map?

a)

Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished.

b)

Bantu peoples increasingly migrated southwards and eastwards.

c)

African societies became increasingly monotheistic as they adopted Islam.

d)

African states underwent significant urbanization as rural agricultural populations diminished.

23.

Which of the following best explains the relative volume of trade to different destinations as shown on the map?

a)

The need for labor in new mining centers

b)

The traditional use of enslaved soldiers by the Ottoman Empire

c)

The increasing demand for labor on cash crop plantations

d)

The growing desire for household servants among emerging commercial elites

24.

Which of the following best explains why Japan was more successful than China in resisting imperialist encroachments in the nineteenth century?

a)

Japan’s manipulaiton of the rivalries among western governments

b)

The introduction of democracy by the Meiji Restoration

c)

The willingness of Japan’s elite to sponsor reform

d)

Lack of interest in Japanese markets

e)

Abundant natural resources

25.

Which of the following describes the major impact of the introduction of coffee growing in places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880 ?

a)

The end of taxes paid to the government in cash

b)

The weakening of the European colonial military and landowning elite

c)

Access to cheaper food for Africans and Latin Americans

d)

Increased control over the land by Africans and Latin Americans

e)

Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans

26.

Which of the following developments in the Western Hemisphere most directly resulted from the French Revolution?

a)

The expansion of the slave trade in the Americas

b)

The extension of the plantation economy in the Caribbean

c)

The colonization of Brazil

d)

The British conquest of Quebec

e)

The creation of the first independent Black republic in the Americas

27.

Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century?

a)

The popularity of democratic values among Asians

b)

A general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions among European powers

c)

Europe’s development of new military technologies

d)

Asians’ lack of resistance to European diseases

e)

Europe’s ability to send numerically superior armies to Asia

28.

Which of the following is most likely to have influenced eighteenth-century population trends in both Europe and China?

a)

A sharp decline in average global temperatures

b)

Introduction of Western Hemisphere crops

c)

The rise of parliamentary governments

d)

Innovation in birth control measures

e)

Improvement in surgical procedures

29.
When the Third Estate was locked out of the Estates General, they pledged never to disband until a new constitution was created. This event is known as:
a)
Women's March on Versailles
b)
Reign of Terror
c)
The Great Fear
d)
Tennis Court Oath
30.
The third estate attacked a prison looking for guns and ammunition. In the process, they killed all the guards, let the prisoners go, and tore down portions of the old fort brick by brick. This event is known as:
a)
Storming of the Bastille
b)
Reign of Terror
c)
The Great Fear
d)
Tennis Court Oath
31.
The slogan of the French Revolution:
a)
life, liberty, propert
b)
liberty, equality, fraternity
c)
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
d)
no taxation without representation
32.
The Reign of Terror was initiated by this Jacobin who attempted to "protect the revolution":
a)
Napoleon
b)
Louis XVI
c)
Robespierre
d)
Leoverture
33.
This document, created during the French Revolution, contained basic Enlightenment ideals. 
a)
Committee of Public Safety 
b)
Declaration of Independence
c)
Declaration of the Rights of Man
d)
English Bill of Rights
34.
France was deep in debt because
a)
money spent on the American Revolution
b)
the queen's lavish spending
c)
the 1st and 2nd estates did not pay taxes
d)
all of the above
35.
The idea that reason should guide society rather than tradition helped cause the revolution and came from
a)
the Declaration of Independence
b)
the Scientific Revolution
c)
the Enlightenment
d)
all of the above
36.
Before independence, Haiti was a colony of _____.
a)
Great Britain
b)
France
c)
The United States
d)
Belgium
37.
Who led a successful revolution in Haiti to free Haitians from French rule?
a)
Jose de San Martin 
b)
Toussaint L‘Ouverture
c)
Napoleon Bonaparte
d)
Simón Bolivar
38.
Who started the Mexican independence movement?
a)
Simón Bolivar
b)
Toussaint L‘Ouverture 
c)
Father Miguel Hidalgo
d)
Jose de San Martin
39.
What was the main factor in determining a person's social status in Spain's colonies in Latin America?
a)
race
b)
wealth
c)
politics
d)
religion
40.
_____ and _____ were the primary crops grown in Haiti.
a)
tobacco; cotton
b)
sugar; coffee
c)
opium; rice
d)
cotton; tea
41.
Policies of the Committee of Public Safety to defend France from domestic threats was called the 
a)
Reign of Terror
b)
Coup d'etat
c)
Consequence of Liberty
d)
Rights of the Citizen
42.
One economic cause of the French Revolution was an increase in prices, which 
a)
led to an equal increase in wages among the nobility
b)
left people unable to purchase essential goods like food
c)
channeled more money to merchants and salesman
d)
depleted the government's monetary reserves
43.
The Reign of Terror set up revolutionary courts to prosecute
a)
Robespierre's followers
b)
counter-revolutionairies and traitors
c)
Austrian prisoners
d)
the san-cullottes and other members of the Paris Commune
44.
Enlightenment philosopher who believed to limit government, that it should be divided into separate branches that shared power.
a)
John Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Rousseau
d)
Voltaire
45.
Enlightenment philosophers believe that if government abuses power the people should change it.
a)
True
b)
False
46.

What was the central theme that Enlightenment thinkers were writing about?

a)

Divine Right Theory

b)

Debating taxation

c)

Relationship between people and government

d)

Increasing the power of the Church

47.

What is the social contract theory?

a)

People should give up some freedoms so that as a group, everyone is cared for

b)

People should abstain from following any system of Government

c)

All men were born equal with natural rights: life, liberty, property

d)

Government should not be controlled by religion

48.

Which Enlightenment thinker had the concept that all men have natural rights (life, liberty, property)? This thinker also inspired the ideas in the Declaration of Independence.

a)

John Locke

b)

Charles Montesquieu

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

49.

What concept below would the Enlightenment philosophers be most likely to agree upon?

a)

Government should be dictated by the Divine Right Theory

b)

Citizens should never be involved in how the Government is ran

c)

People should get to choose how the government controls them

d)

There should be no separation between Church and Government

50.

What was the main reason the American colonists wanted freedom from Great Britain?

a)

They wanted their own Monarch

b)

Taxation without representation

c)

They never wanted to be free from Great Britain, Great Britain wanted rid of the colonies

d)

Great Britain wanted to end slavery

51.

Many Enlightenment thinkers had strong beliefs about:

a)

The role of government

b)

Scientific method

c)

Industrial growth

d)

Increase of wealth

52.

What was the Reign of Terror

a)

The event that started the French Revolution

b)

The event that led to 17,000 French citizens to be killed by the Guillotine

c)

A mob that stormed the Bastille in Paris, France

d)

The event that started the American Revolution

53.

While ruling France, which of the following changes was Napoleon NOT able to bring about?

a)

create an efficient government

b)

increase women's rights

c)

impose fair taxes

d)

Napoleonic Code

54.

What is Enlightenment?

a)

Eloquently stating your opinion

b)

A time period of reason and logic about how government should work

c)

A rebirth of Art and Science

d)

A time period of rebuilding social structure

55.

Of the following enlightenment thinkers, who developed the idea for the social contract?

a)

Charles Montesquieu

b)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

c)

Voltaire

d)

John Locke

56.

Life, liberty, and property are also known as?

a)

Unalienable Rights

b)

Essential Rights

c)

Natural Rights

d)

Original Rights

57.
By 1830 revolutions in the Atlantic world resulted in which of the following changes?
a)
The political independence of colonies in both North and South America
b)
The emancipation of slaves everywhere in t he Atlantic world
c)
Political and economic domination of the Western Hemisphere by the United States
d)
The creation of a politically unified South America
58.
The "Second Industrial Revolution" in the last half of the 19th century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products?
a)
Textiles, iron, and coal
b)
Textiles, automobiles, and planes
c)
Electricity, ships, and radios
d)
Electricity, steel, and chemicals
59.
The US Bill of Rights and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen reflect a shared concern for
a)
Physical elimination of the ruling class
b)
Confiscation of church property
c)
Protection of private property
d)
Preservation of the monarcy
60.
Which of the following describes the effect of skin color, ethnicity, and former slave status in Latin America in the late 19th century?
a)
There was little effect for most people
b)
Marriage alliances among all classes and castes eliminated the effect on all three
c)
Large numbers of people of color migrated to the newly "Reconstructed" southern United States
d)
There continued to be discrimination on the basis of all three factors.
61.
In the 18th century, MOST revolutionary leaders tended to be members of the
a)
Slave class
b)
Working class
c)
Catholic clergy
d)
Educated middle class
62.
The first republic to grant equality to all its citizens in the Western Hemisphere was
a)
The United States
b)
Bolivia
c)
Haiti
d)
Jamaica
63.
Liberalism should be viewed as a political ideology that
a)
Supported the transition to an industrial, capitalist society
b)
Is the ideological predecessor to socialism
c)
Developed in response to European colonialism
d)
Grew out of the labor movement
64.
Efforts at industrialization in Russia and Japan were similar in that 
a)
Both began in the early 19th century
b)
Both followed the termination of long-established institutions
c)
Both countries developed more centralized governments
d)
Both countries widely adopted Western practices
65.
The Meiji reforms in Japan resulted in
a)
The strengthening of hte power of regional lords at the expense of the emperor
b)
A shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor
c)
The Tokugawa shogunate's adoption of a unified civil code
d)
The overthrow of the imperial system for a democratic republic
66.
The Haitian revolution was the only revolution of the period 1750 to 1900 that was initiated and fought by
a)
Creoles
b)
Mestizos
c)
Foreign mercenaries
d)
Slaves
67.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the growth of nationalism in the 19th century?
a)
War and conflict were often used as vehicles to unite the people
b)
The transition to nationhood was usually smooth with little internal conflict
c)
Only European nations experienced a growth in nationalism
d)
European imperialism prevented the rise of nationalism in Asia
68.
All of the following are factors stimulating industrialization EXCEPT
a)
An organized union movement
b)
An ample population to serve as a workforce
c)
Investment in Capital
d)
Access to natural resources
69.
Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s?
a)
A decline in the social status of women
b)
An increase in the power and prestige of the landowning aristocracy
c)
The general leveling of social hierarchies based on wealth
d)
The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas
70.
A major factor in the expansion of industrialization was the development of
a)
Socialism
b)
Feudalism
c)
Land grants
d)
Railroads
71.
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by which of the following factors?
a)
The amount and location of British petroleum reserves
b)
The location and large number of British coal deposits
c)
The aggressive promotion of industrialization by George III
d)
The spread of cotton cultivation in southern England
72.

This philosopher wrote in The Two Treatises of Government that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and property.

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Mary Wollstonecraft

c)

John Locke

d)

Baron Montesquieu

73.

Laissez-faire means

a)

more government involvement in business

b)

government should stay out of business

c)

government should control all of the prices

d)

government should control workers salaries

74.

Jethro Tull invented the

a)

cotton gin

b)

steam engine

c)

seed drill

d)

spinning jenny

75.

Which of the following events that occurred that year BEST supports that contention that Historians often consider 1812 a turning point in the history of Napoleonic France?

a)

Napoleon’s invasion of Russia resulted in Moscow’s destruction, but he was forced to withdraw.

b)

Switzerland and the Ottoman empire remained neutral, weakening Napoleon’s control of the continent.

c)

Great Britain’s blockade of European ports failed.

d)

American intervention as Great Britain’s ally forced Napoleon into exile.

76.

Which of the following represents the most significant cause for the unification of Germany in the nineteenth century?

a)

The strength of the Austrian Hapsburg empire was a threat to Germany if unification did not occur.

b)

German pacifism and withdrawal from the international scene allowed for focus on unification.

c)

The Germans provoked wars with three neighboring countries to strengthen German nationalism.

d)

Speeches and elections had served to help unify the German people in 1848 and 1849.

77.

Which of the following BEST describes a significant influence on the time frame for Italian political unification?

a)

Massive Italian immigration to the Americas and Australia included many potential revolutionaries that weakened the process toward unification.

b)

Civil war erupted and the drive to unify the country was successfully resisted by several Italian states.

c)

Austrian and Spanish power blocked attempts to unify Italy, and the country remained divided into a variety of small states until the early twentieth century.

d)

The last of the Italian lands to renounce independence and join the new nation was the Papal States, where the Roman Catholic Church resisted unification.

78.

Which of the following describes a major change that occurred as a result of the Haitian revolution?

a)

Five hundred gens de couleur were dispatched to British North America to assist the rebellious Americans against the British and they return to Haiti to serve as a militia for the white colonists.

b)

Haiti became the only republic founded from the result of a slave revolt.

c)

Intervention by the French, British, and Spanish successfully protected the interests of French planters in Saint-Domingue, later Haiti.

d)

The gens de couleur (French for “people of color”), free mulattos and blacks, were wiped out by an alliance of French settlers and slaves that they armed.

79.

Whose philosophy greatly influenced the creation of a political structure where the government drew its authority from “the consent of the governed” and is the basis for the contractual view of the Declaration of Independence?

a)

Edmund Burke.

b)

John Locke.

c)

John Stuart Mill.

d)

William Wilberforce.

80.

Most revolutions produce a strong leading figure; the French Revolution allowed which of the following to assume great power?

a)

Jean Lafitte

b)

King Louis XVI

c)

Lafayette

d)

Robespierre

81.

Which of the following were similar reasons for rebellion between the French Revolution and the American Revolution?

a)

New proposed political structures

b)

The privileges and influence of religious leaders

c)

Transformation of the social class structure

d)

Unfair systems of taxation

82.

Which of the following was the basis for the intellectual concepts of the eighteenth-century political foundations?

a)

Mercantilism

b)

The Enlightenment

c)

the Reconquista

d)

The Reformation

83.

Which of the following was least likely an influence for the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) led by Toussaint Louverture?

a)

Other successful slavery uprisings

b)

Social reforms spreading across Europe.

c)

The ideals of the Enlightenment.

d)

The American and French revolutions.

84.

Which of the following best refers to Saint-Domingue's importance to France?

a)

It was a buffer to the Spanish colonial presence in the Caribbean.

b)

It was connected to the African slave trade network.

c)

The island's location was of a strategic military position in the western hemisphere.

d)

The plantation crops grown on the island generated wealth.

85.

Which phrase best sums up the guiding principles of the French Revolution?

a)

“all men are created equal.”

b)

“liberty, equality, fraternity.”

c)

“no taxation without representation.”

d)

“peace, bread, land.”

86.

Why have the Atlantic revolutions been described as democratic revolutions?

a)

They permanently eliminated the monarchy as a viable political system.

b)

Their common objective was to end the slave trade and abolish slavery.

c)

Their overall thrust was to extend political rights further than ever before.

d)

They fought for universal human rights for all, regardless of race or sex.

87.

In contrast to the American Revolution, the French Revolution

a)

experienced no participation by women.

b)

sought to recreate society from scratch.

c)

drew on Enlightenment ideas about liberty.

d)

sought to preserve existing liberties.

88.

The Atlantic revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment belief that political and social arrangements

a)

could be improved by human action.

b)

were justified by the divine right of kings.

c)

were driven by economic forces.

d)

should be regulated by church authority.

89.

Machiavelli thought is was better to be

a)

Feared

b)

Loved

90.

Someone who pays for artists is called a

a)

Reformer

b)

Patron

c)

Jesuit

d)

Benefactor

91.

Renaissance Artists studied who for inspiration

a)

Greeks and Romans

b)

Chinese and Indians

c)

Medieval artists

d)

Arabic texts

92.

The Printing press made the cost of books

a)

Increase

b)

Decrease

c)

Stay the same

93.

What major trade city was the center of renaissance art?

a)

London

b)

Jerusalem

c)

Florence

d)

Munich

94.

A piece of paper that you pay for to go to heaven is called

a)

Theses

b)

Indulgences

c)

Freedom paper

d)

Jesuit tokens

95.

Why did King Henry want a divorce

a)

His wife was mean

b)

He wanted to have a son

c)

He was afraid of Predestination

d)

He fell in love with a servant

96.

During the Counter-Reformation, who was trying to maintain strength

a)

Catholics

b)

Lutherans

c)

Polytheist

d)

Anglicans

97.

Which of these DOES NOT represent an early achievement in women's suffrage and equality?

a)

writings of Mary Wollstonecraft

b)

Declaration of Independence

c)

Seneca Falls Convention

d)

Olympe De Gouges

98.

Rotating different crops in and out of a field each year is called

a)

urbanization

b)

crop rotation

c)

interchangeable parts

d)

enclosure movement

99.

In 1801, he became the governor of Egypt

a)

Sultan Selim

b)

Muhammad Ali

c)

Mahmud

d)

Sinan

100.

The Sultan's (Ottoman Empire) army was composed of a highly organized elite unit called the

a)

Tanzimat

b)

Janissaries

c)

Mamluks

d)

Qzilabash

101.

What is the name of the movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation due to intense pride?

a)

A revolution

b)

Protestantism

c)

Enlightenment

d)

Nationalism

102.

Which of the following revolutions were based on discontent with imperial and monarchist rule?

a)

The American Revolution

b)

The French Revolution

c)

The Haitian Revolution

d)

Ottomanism

103.

Which nation was the first to industrialize?

a)

Britain

b)

France

c)

Germany

d)

Japan

104.

What effect did specialization of labor have on the workplace?

a)

It led to more unskilled labor in factories

b)

It led to more skilled labor in factories

105.

How did industrialization affect colonies like India and Egypt?

a)

It led to decline in these countries' share of global manufacturing

b)

It led to increase in these countries' share of global manufacturing

106.

The 1st Industrial Revolution focused on factories and steam power. The 2nd Industrial Revolution focused on all of the following except:

a)

Oil

b)

Electricity

c)

The steam engine

d)

Steel

107.

As countries embraced Adam Smith's capitalism laissez faire policies, what new forms of business were promoted?

a)

corporations

b)

monopolies

c)

socialism

d)

transnational businesses

108.

All of the following were reactions to industrialization's negative effects on workers except:

a)

Labor unions

b)

Communism

c)

The invisible hand

d)

Utilitarianism

109.

Accurate effects of industrialization on society include

a)

Poor working and living conditions for the lower class

b)

Increased standard of living for middle and upper classes

c)

Lower class families working closer together in their homes

d)

More accessible and cheaper goods

110.

Toussant L'Ouverture

a)

was a member of the Committee of Public Safety under Robespierre

b)

rose to the rank of General under Napoleon

c)

was a complete revolutionary failure

d)

helped free slaves in Haiti

111.

Mexico was liberated from

a)

the United States

b)

the Spanish

c)

the Portuguese

d)

the Spanish and later (after a brief take over) the French

112.

The following is associated with the view of the Philosophes

a)

man is created good

b)

there should be no capital punishment

c)

freedom of speech but not the press

d)

all of the above

113.

Mary Wollstonecraft is associated with

a)

the Industrial Revolution

b)

the Enlightenment

c)

the French Revolution

d)

none of these

114.

Italian unification had as its architect

a)

Bismarck coupled with opportunity

b)

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

c)

Giuseppe Mazzini

d)

Count Cavour together with the support of Garibaldi

115.

Luddites

a)

agitated for better wages for factory workers

b)

were Utopian Socialist

c)

adapted Marxism

d)

hated machines

116.

Socialism believes

a)

that the means of production should be communally owned

b)

that the move to a communal society is inevitable

c)

that land should be the measure of wealth

d)

that poverty will always exit

117.

Classical Liberals believe

a)

all of these

b)

that the economy is a natural process

c)

that population will always grow faster than food supply

d)

that poverty will always exit in some form

118.

A 19th century Conservative believes in

a)

money as a measure of wealth

b)

that there should me no attempt to help the poor

c)

the status quo

d)

in an eventual social revolution of the proletariat

119.

Jean Jacques Dessalines is best know for

a)

his driving French forces from Haiti

b)

his leadership in Latin America

c)

creating the first commercial steam engine

d)

as a Philosophe

120.

Russia's industrial process can best be described as

a)

evolving organically by Russian middle class investors

b)

directed by outside colonial powers

c)

rapid because of the maintenance of serfdom

d)

directed by the state through ministers like Sergei Witte

121.

Who best represents a reasoned defense of monarchy

a)

John Locke

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Rene Descartes

122.

Under the Tokugawa Japan was

a)

a major trading nation

b)

rapidly industrializing

c)

bankrupt

d)

isolated

123.

Which of the following revolutions was impacted by Napoleon Bonaparte

a)

French

b)

Haitian

c)

Latin American

d)

All of these

124.

Commander Perry is connected to

a)

the opening of Japan for trade

b)

the attack on China during the Opium wars

c)

Russia's rapid growth as a power

d)

the defeat of the Napoleon

125.

Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations describes

a)

Utopian Communist communities

b)

Democratic Republicanism

c)

Laissez Faire Economics

d)

Mercantilism as an ideal economic system

126.

Industrialism in Egypt differed from Industrialism in England in that

a)

It was driven more by the state then independent capitalists

b)

It was driven more by independent capitalists than the state

c)

In did not involve foreign intervention

d)

Machines were adapted much less in production

127.

Bolivar envisioned

a)

a Grand Columbia united all the liberate South American states

b)

a united Portugal and Spain

c)

a Spanish takeover of Portuguese Brazil

d)

a loosely knit confederation of South American States

128.

Maximillian Robespierre's reign in France during the Revolution was characterized by...

a)

Increased taxes

b)

Mass executions

c)

A period of peace

d)

A period marked by warfare

129.

Why did King Louis XIV of France build the massive new royal palace at Versailles?

a)

He forced the nobles to live there, thereby maintaining control over them.

b)

Forced the nobles to be educated there

c)

Enslaved the nobles

d)

To prevent the nobles from mistreating the peasants

130.

Which scientist discovered the circulatory system of the human body?

a)

Galileo Galilei

b)

Isaac Newton

c)

Johannes Kepler

d)

William Harvey

131.

Why was the concept of "divine right" so important for absolute monarchs in Europe?

a)

reserved governmental positions for the clergy.

b)

It gave kings real supernatural powers

c)

guaranteed natural, inalienable rights to the people.

d)

justified the king's right to rule.

132.

Which of the following was a result of the Enlightenment?

a)

It stifled (slowed down) scientific and technological progress

b)

It led to an increase in absolute monarchies

c)

It led to increased religious intolerance

d)

It fueled democratic revolutions around the world.

133.

Which of the following events is associated with the French Revolution?

a)

The Reign of Terror

b)

The Battle of Yorktown

c)

The Watergate Scandal

d)

The Boston Tea Party

134.

Which of the following was an invention or innovation developed during the Enlightenment?

a)

All-weather roads that improved year-round transportation and trade.

b)

Improvements in ship design that lowered the cost of transportation.

c)

New thoughts about the use and purpose of political power and what an ideal government looked like.

d)

The Guillotine

135.

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

a)

James Madison

b)

Thomas Jefferson

c)

George Washington

d)

Jethro Tull

136.

What does the heliocentric theory state is at the center of the universe?

a)

The Earth

b)

Jupiter

c)

Heaven

d)

The Sun

137.

Which of these events came first?

a)

The American Revolution

b)

The French Revolution

c)

Napoleon Bonaparte taking power in France

d)

The Mexican Revolution

138.

Who was the father of modern physics, as well as the creator of calculus and the discoverer of gravity.

a)

William Harvey

b)

Nicolaus Copernicus

c)

Galileo Galilei

d)

Isaac Newton

139.

This astronomer confirmed the Heliocentric Model of the Universe by observing the moons of Jupiter through his telescope.

a)

Galileo Galilei

b)

Issac Newton

c)

Johannes Kepler

d)

Nicolaus Copernicus

140.

This astronomer discovered the Heliocentric Model of the Universe by tracking "heavenly bodies" in the night sky and applying math to their paths.

a)

Galileo Galilei

b)

Isaac Newton

c)

Johannes Kepler

d)

Nicolaus Copernicus

141.

This astronomer refined the Heliocentric Model of the Universe by discovering that the planets did not orbit the sun in circular patterns, but instead in elliptical patterns.

a)

Johannes Kepler

b)

Galileo Galilei

c)

Isaac Newton

d)

William Harvey

142.

Industrialism in Egypt differed from Industrialism in England in that

a)

It was driven more by the state then independent capitalists

b)

It was driven more by independent capitalists than the state

c)

In did not involve foreign intervention

d)

Machines were adapted much less in production

143.
Who designed the first efficient steam engine?
a)
James Hargreaves
b)
John Kay
c)
Richard Arkwright
d)
James Watt
144.
Who is the famous historical figure shown below? He wrote the famous phrase: "Workers of the world unite!"
a)
John Adams 
b)
Thomas Smith
c)
Karl Marx
d)
Edward Jenner
145.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

a)

Russia

b)

United States

c)

Germany

d)

Great Britain

146.

This concentrated labor in a single location and led to the division of labor

a)

domestic system

b)

cottage industry

c)

factory system

d)

globalization

147.

Invented the steam engine

a)

Thomas Edison

b)

James Watt

c)

James Hargreaves

d)

Henry Bessemer

148.

The first industry to be mechanized

a)

textiles

b)

precision machinery

c)

canned food

d)

pencils

149.

The Enclosure Movement forced poor English peasants off their land, with many moving to cities to find work.

a)

True

b)

False

150.

Invented the smallpox vaccine

a)

Aristotle

b)

Marie Curie

c)

Edward Jenner

d)

Louis Pasteur

151.

Germ theory of disease

a)

Louis Pasteur

b)

Edward Jenner

c)

James Hargreaves

d)

Adam Smith

152.

A major goal of labor unions was _________.

a)

strikes

b)

collective bargaining

c)

longer hours

d)

communist revolution

153.

Scottish economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776)

a)

J.S. Mill

b)

Jeremy Bentham

c)

David Hume

d)

Adam Smith

154.

Adam Smith compared the forces of supply and demand in a free market to

a)

the foundation of a house

b)

a revolving wheel

c)

a hammer and nail

d)

an invisible hand

155.

Who wrote the pamphlet The Communist Manifesto in 1848?

a)

Adam Smith and David Hume

b)

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

c)

George Bernard Shaw

d)

Batman and Robin

156.

All of the following are communist beliefs EXCEPT:

a)

need for revolution

b)

class conflict as driving force in history

c)

strong belief in nationalism

d)

inevitability of capitalism's demise

157.

The "second industrial revolution" from 1850 to 1900 featured all of the following EXCEPT

a)

steel

b)

computers

c)

chemicals

d)

electricity

158.

What is the movement of people from farms to cities?

a)

Utilitarianism

b)

Urbanization

c)

Proletariat

d)

Enclosure Movement

159.

A place where people and machines join together to mass produce goods.

a)

Cartel

b)

Corporation

c)

Factory

d)

Urbanization

160.

The Industrial revolution created a new ____________ class.

a)

Upper

b)

Poor

c)

Lower

d)

Middle

161.

Known as the Father of modern economics, author of Wealth of Nations, based on the principle of Laissez-Faire?

a)

Adam Smith

b)

David Ricardo

c)

Thomas Malthus

d)

John Wesley

162.

In which European country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

a)

France

b)

Britian

c)

Prussia

d)

Spain

163.

Which of the following is considered an impact of Industrialization during the 18th and 19th centuries?

a)

Increased competition between industrialized nations

b)

Rise of global inequalities

c)

Transformation of society.

d)

All of the above

164.

Capitalism is

a)

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and money is invested to make profits.

b)

An economic system in which the means of production are owned by the public (government) and operate for the welfare of all.

165.
Socialism is
a)
an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.
b)
an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit.
166.

Some of the machines invented in the 18th and 19th centuries are:

a)

telephones, geographic positioning system, radios, airplanes

b)

steam engine, railroads, flying shuttle, phonograph, steam ships, light bulb

c)

sailboats, automobiles, wheel barrels, clocks, word processors

d)

automatic washer, hair dryer, rockets, space shuttles

167.

Industrialism leads to

a)

rapid rural population expansion

b)

an increase of power in landed investors

c)

a shift in the measure of wealth

d)

an demand for skilled craftsmen

168.

Socialism believes

a)

that the means of production should be communally owned

b)

that the move to a communal society is inevitable

c)

that land should be the measure of wealth

d)

that poverty will always exit

169.

Classical Liberals believe

a)

all of these

b)

that the economy is a natural process

c)

that population will always grow faster than food supply

d)

that poverty will always exit in some form

170.

A 19th century Conservative believes in

a)

money as a measure of wealth

b)

that there should me no attempt to help the poor

c)

the status quo

d)

in an eventual social revolution of the proletariat

171.

Most 19th century liberals were likely

a)

middle class

b)

working class

c)

upper class

d)

peasants

172.

Industrialism in Egypt differed from Industrialism in England in that

a)

It was driven more by the state then independent capitalists

b)

It was driven more by independent capitalists than the state

c)

In did not involve foreign intervention

d)

Machines were adapted much less in production

173.

Crop rotation and the seed drill led to

a)

increased food production.

b)

the use of machinery in production.

c)

the economic collapse in British agriculture.

174.

Before the industrial revolution cotton was being woven in Britain by

a)

women in their own cottages

b)

children in orphanages

c)

slave labor

175.

allowed more than one thread to be spun at a time

a)

spinning jenny

b)

water frame

c)

flying shuttle

176.

doomed the cottage industry because it required a factory

a)

spinning jenny

b)

water frame

c)

flying shuttle

177.

What system created by Eli Whitney allowed for industrial machines to be repaired and serviced more easily?

a)

interchangeable parts

b)

assembly line

c)

division of labor

178.

With specialization of labor, factory owners didn't have to rely on

a)

skilled laborers

b)

machines

c)

the weather

179.

In the 20th century Henry Ford improved the division of labor in factories when he introduced

a)

the assembly line.

b)

interchangeable parts.

c)

the water frame.

180.

Which of the following was NOT a reason that Britain led the world in industrialization?

a)

mineral resources in Britain and resources from colonies

b)

a large slave labor force

c)

abundant rivers for transportation

d)

growing population and urbanization

e)

a government that protected private property

181.

Which of the following was NOT an industrial power in the second wave of industrialization?

a)

France

b)

Germany

c)

the United States

d)

Japan

e)

the Mughal Empire

182.

What had the largest impact on Russian success in industrialization?

a)

Trans-Siberian Railroad

b)

end of serfdom

c)

unification of fragmented small states

183.

British rule and control led to the decline of which THREE industries in India?

a)

ship-building

b)

mining

c)

cotton cloth

d)

tea

e)

spices

184.

Besides India, what other country saw its textile industry devastated by European (especially English) production?

a)

Egypt

b)

Japan

c)

Russia

d)

the United States

185.

A major reason the Industrial Revolution developed in Great Britain in the 1700s was because of Great Britain’s

a)

geographic features

b)

immigration policies

c)

use of collectivization

d)

access to imported oil

186.

During the Industrial Revolution, locating factories near concentrations of natural resources and transportation routes most directly promoted

a)

annexations and unequal treaties

b)

migration and urbanization

c)

legislative reforms and formation of unions

d)

communal fields and the domestic system

187.

Which geographic feature aided industrialization through importation and exportation in Great Britain?

a)

good harbors

b)

large forests

c)

highland climate

d)

monsoon winds

188.
In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
a)
The United States
b)
England
c)
France
d)
Germany
189.
Which 2 natural resources were the backbone of the Industrial Revolution?
a)
wood and peat
b)
oil and natural gas
c)
coal and iron
d)
cotton and tobacco
190.
England is an island. Why was this an advantage during the Industrial Revolution?
a)
It wasn't an advantage.
b)
It made it more difficult for other countries to steal England's ideas.
c)
England has many natural harbors and rivers which allow easier worldwide trade.
d)
England had tropical weather, which allowed more crops to be grown.
191.
Why did people move to the cities during the Industrial revolution?
a)
To find jobs in factories
b)
To find jobs on the farm
c)
To be closer to family
d)
To make new friends
192.
Which statement is true?
a)
Children were not allowed to work in the mines during the Industrial Revolution
b)
Work conditions were closely regulated
c)
There were no labor laws that prevented children from working
d)
Children were allowed to work but they were treated fairly. 
193.
Which statement best describes Japan’s geography?
a)
A large, flat area of land
b)
A long, narrow peninsula
c)
A single, large island with many rivers
d)
Small group of mountainous islands
194.
During which period did Japan modernize and Westernize?
a)
Tokugawa
b)
Meiji
c)
Kanagawa
d)
Tokyo
195.
The goal of the new Meiji government was to 
a)
Modernize Japan 
b)
Make the economy grow
c)
Renegotiate unequal treaties
d)
All of the above
196.

Commodore Matthew Perry’s visits to Japan in 1853 and 1854 resulted in the

a)

colonization of Japan by the United States

b)

transfer of spheres of influence to China

c)

introduction of Christianity to Japanese society

d)

opening of trade and diplomatic relations with Japan

197.

One effect of industrialization on Meiji Japan was that it

a)

strengthened the power of the Shogunate

b)

decreased the level of pollution

c)

modernized transportation

d)

increased the number of small farms

198.

Japan’s increased foreign trade during the Meiji Restoration was closely related to its

a)

need to maintain a traditional society

b)

desire for a modern industrialized society

c)

colonization by Western nations

d)

encouragement of foreign investment

199.

One reason for Japan’s rapid industrialization during the Meiji Restoration was that Japan had

a)

rejected Western ideas

b)

used its access to the sea for fishing

c)

relied on traditional isolationist policies

d)

reformed its political and economic systems

200.

Emperor Meiji promoted what in Japan?

a)

isolation and nationalism

b)

capitalism and democracy

c)

revolution and absolutism

d)

reform and modernization

201.

Which action in Japanese history occurred during the Meiji Restoration?

a)

Japan modernized its economy.

b)

Mongols invaded the islands of Japan.

c)

The Japanese government adopted an isolationist policy

d)

Buddhism became the official religion of Japan

202.

What was one impact of industrialization on Japan during the Meiji Restoration?

a)

Japan became more isolated from world affairs

b)

Demand for natural resources increased

c)

Japan became a colonial possession of China

d)

Traditional practices of Bushido were reintroduced

203.

The Meiji Restoration in Japan was prompted in part by

a)

a fear that Japan would be colonized by western nations

b)

the failure of Japanese expansion

c)

the Shogun’s conversion to Christianity

d)

a desire to stay isolated

204.

Why did the Meiji government want to modernize/Westernize Japan? (Select ALL that are correct)

a)

Japan was far behind (technologically) from all Western powers

b)

Japan was fearful of being invaded/conquered by Western powers (like they saw happen in China)

c)

The Samurai class demanded that Japan become more modern

d)

Japan was not a desirable enough country to trade with unless it modernized

205.

Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan prevented foreign influences by choosing to...

a)

isolate themselves from the world.

b)

killing any foreigners that landed in Japan

c)

send ambassadors around the world to request to be left alone

d)

building a seawall around the islands to prevent ships from entering